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Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems And Devices > Electro-acoustic Audio Transducer > Electromagnetic (e.g., Dyynamic)

Electromagnetic (e.g., Dyynamic)

Electromagnetic (e.g., Dyynamic) patent applications listed are from June 2005 to current and include Date, Patent Application Number, Patent Title, Patent Abstract summary and are linked to the corresponding patent application page.

10/11/07 - 20070237350 - Dynamic loudspeaker
A dynamic loudspeaker comprises two spaced apart motor units (7,8) each incorporating a centre pole (12) operating in opposite phase resulting in cancellation of 3rd order non-linearities, and the two motors (7,8) being linked together by a member (6) connecting both centre poles (12) of each motor unit (7,8). ...

09/27/07 - 20070223771 - Simulated wave massage
Method, procedure, and device for applying tactile sensation and vibration to the human body. In this invention one (or more vibrating) elements emit sine waves between 20 and 800 Hz. These waves are varied in frequency, amplitude and rhythm to create in the subject the sensation of massage moving through ...

09/27/07 - 20070223769 - Speaker and method making the same
A speaker includes a yoke, a diaphragm, an electrode plate, a magnet and a lower plate. The yoke includes a base, a wall and a terminal plate connected integrally to each other. The wall has a chamber and is mounted on the base. The rest components are mounted in the ...

09/20/07 - 20070217644 - Contact speaker
A tactile sound speaker transmits sound-generated vibrations to a user through a touchpad to provide a tactile sound experience. The tactile sound speaker can include a speaker driver, a speaker cone, and a touchpad. The touchpad can be coupled to the speaker cone by transmission shafts that transmit vibrations generated ...

08/23/07 - 20070195985 - Speaker with auxiliary air hole
A speaker applicable to various electronic devices includes a speaker body including a magnet and a diaphragm having a voice coil interacting with the magnet, the magnet and the diaphragm being sequentially received therein; at least one main hole defined through a rear surface of the speaker where a speaker ...

08/16/07 - 20070189573 - Speaker and speaker unit
The present invention is to provide a speaker having desirable sound characteristics with a smaller size, and a speaker unit having the speaker. The speaker unit has the speaker and an attachment unit. The speaker has a case, a magnetic circuit, a diaphragm, and a passage. A first chamber is ...

08/16/07 - 20070189571 - Loudspeaker with undulated membrane
Loudspeaker provided with a frame (101), a membrane (103) and a drive unit (105). The membrane has an outer circumferential edge (104a) suspended from the frame and an inner circumferential edge (104b). The drive unit has a stationary part (106a) secured to the frame and a translatable part (106b) provided ...

08/09/07 - 20070183619 - Speaker
A speaker is disclosed in which a split resonance of a diaphragm main body and a natural resonance of an edge are controlled, achieving a high sound quality while realizing a weight reduction. A diaphragm is composed of a diaphragm main body and an edge. An outer peripheral part of ...

07/19/07 - 20070165902 - Electrodynamic electroacoustic transducer and electronic device
An electrodynamic electroacoustic transducer comprises: a first magnetic pole; a second magnetic pole that forms a magnetic gap between itself and the first magnetic pole and is arranged in a space excluding spaces in upper and lower face directions of the first magnetic pole; a yoke; a diaphragm; and a ...

07/05/07 - 20070154057 - Speaker device
It is an object of the present invention to use a simplified structure to improve a strength of a neck portion of a conical diaphragm in the vicinity of a voice coil fixing section, thereby inhibiting an undesired dividing vibration in a speaker device. The speaker device of the present ...

07/05/07 - 20070154056 - Loudspeaker with air deflector
An air deflector is positioned relative to the through bore in the pole piece of the motor structure of a speaker such that the flow of air entering and leaving a cavity overlying the voice coil and pole piece is directed along a flow path which passes in thermal communication ...

06/28/07 - 20070147652 - Speaker device
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved speaker device equipped with a long plate, capable of realizing a high flux density within the magnetic gap without forming any un-useful space. The speaker device has a magnetic circuit including a yoke integrally formed with a center ...

06/28/07 - 20070147651 - Speaker device and mobile phone
A speaker device includes: a magnetic circuit which includes two magnetic gaps; a diaphragm which is arranged at a position passing through at least the two magnetic gaps and includes a recessed part extending in a direction substantially orthogonal with respect to an extending direction of a magnetic flux in ...

06/28/07 - 20070147650 - Microphone and speaker having plate spring structure and speech recognition/synthesizing device using the microphone and the speaker
A subminiature microphone and speaker having a plate spring structure and a speech recognition/synthesizing device using the microphone and speaker include frames, vibration plates, plate spring structures, elastic portions connected to the frames and the vibration plates, and sensor units which are disposed at the elastic portions and sense vibration ...

06/28/07 - 20070147649 - Speaker, and module, electronic apparatus, and device that use the speaker
Net (30) made of material containing at least metal is bonded to protector (29) of a loud speaker, and hence shields electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic interference can be prevented in an electronic apparatus such as a portable phone employing the loud speaker. ...

06/14/07 - 20070133837 - Speaker and method of outputting acoustic sound
A speaker has an acoustic diaphragm, and an actuator that is driven based on an acoustic signal. The actuator has a transmission portion that is directly or indirectly attached to the acoustic diaphragm and transmits a displacement output of the actuator to the acoustic diaphragm. The actuator vibrates with the ...

06/07/07 - 20070127765 - Structure of speaker
A speaker, which includes a basket holding an exciter, a holding down ring fastened to the basket to hold down a diaphragm, which has an annular suspension and a cone fastened to the inner diameter of the annular suspension and coupled to the exciter, and a locating plate capped on ...

05/31/07 - 20070121993 - Speaker apparatus
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a speaker apparatus including: a speaker frame; and a connection terminal for electrically connecting to an outside of a speaker, an axis line of the connection terminal being arranged along a tangential line direction of a circumference of the speaker, ...

05/31/07 - 20070121992 - Speaker and electronic device equipped with the speaker
According to one embodiment, a speaker comprises a frame, a drive source attached to the frame, which converts an electric signal into mechanical vibration, a diaphragm coupled to the drive source, which emits an acoustic wave corresponding to the mechanical vibration, and an attachment structure coupled to a predetermined portion ...

05/31/07 - 20070121991 - Loudspeaker
A loudspeaker includes a movable diaphragm, a resilient centering device for centering and guiding the movement of the diaphragm, and a magnet system for controlling the movement of the diaphragm, where the diaphragm is positioned between the magnet system and the resilient centering device. ...

05/24/07 - 20070116323 - Speaker apparatus and terminal member
A frame has a slide hole and a receiving hole made close to an end of the slide hole. A terminal member has a protrusion protruding from a face making contact with the speaker frame, and a claw projecting in a direction approximately perpendicular to a protruding direction of the ...

05/24/07 - 20070116322 - Speaker apparatus
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a speaker apparatus including: a magnetic circuit; a vibrating plate vibrated by the magnetic circuit; a speaker frame holding the magnetic circuit and the vibrating plate, and a connecting portion connecting a portion of holding the vibrating plate and a ...

05/10/07 - 20070104346 - Speaker
A speaker is provided with a magnetic circuit for driving a diaphragm which is disposed at a sound emission side of the diaphragm, a magnetic circuit supporting member, which is formed at a central portion inside the outer frame supporting the diaphragm, for supporting the magnetic circuit at a tip ...

04/19/07 - 20070086618 - Loudspeaker with field replaceable parts and method of assembly
A loudspeaker and method of assembly according to this invention provides for precise alignment between the frame and motor structure before they are connected to one another, and employs a fixture to form the moving assembly of the speaker, i.e. the voice coil, upper and lower suspensions and diaphragm, outside ...

04/05/07 - 20070076914 - Speaker system with oscillation detection unit
A speaker system comprising a magnetic circuit, a cylindrical shaped voice coil unit generating oscillation in the magnetic circuit, an oscillating plate extending in a circular conical shape from a outer peripheral surface of the voice coil unit, a dust cap connecting to the oscillating plate covering an open face ...

03/29/07 - 20070071271 - Speaker
A speaker may include a center pole, a voice coil bobbin having a nonmetallic pipe body, and a first and a second electrodes which are provided on an inner peripheral face of the pipe body for detecting an electrostatic capacity. The first and the second electrodes are disposed so as ...

03/22/07 - 20070064972 - Electromagnetic driver for a planar diaphragm loudspeaker
The invention relates to an electromagnetic driver comprising a soft magnetic core in the form of an E with three legs and a back, an alternating field driver, magnetically coupled to the soft magnetic core, for generating an alternating magnetic field in the soft magnetic core, depending upon a sound ...

03/22/07 - 20070064971 - Speaker device
A speaker device, a voice coil is arranged in a magnetic gap formed in a magnetic circuit unit, a diaphragm that vibrates with a voice coil, and a damper is provided between a diaphragm and a frame and it supports the diaphragm relative to the frame so that the diaphragm ...

02/15/07 - 20070036387 - Speaker with reduced height
A speaker includes a body, a yoke, and two connectors. The body includes an outer periphery with a recessed section. The yoke is securely mounted around the body and engaged with the recessed section. Each connector includes a first end fixed to the yoke and a second end. Each connector ...

12/28/06 - 20060291688 - Flat speaker
A flat speaker comprising a vibrating plate including a spiral voice coil, a lead portion extracted from the vice coil and reinforced by the reinforcing member, and an electric supply line; an edge portion supporting the vibrating plate; and a yoke, supporting the edge portion, on which the permanent magnet ...

10/26/06 - 20060239496 - Magnetically tapered air gap for electromagnetic transducer
An electromagnetic transducer, such as an audio loudspeaker, having an underhung voice coil disposed in a magnetically tapered air gap. The taper provides asymmetry in the magnetic flux field. As the voice coil moves in one direction, the motor becomes stronger and more efficient, and as the voice coil moves ...

10/19/06 - 20060233415 - Vibration-sound generating device and yoke thereof
A vibration-sound generating device and yoke thereof are described. The vibration-sound generating device comprises a diaphragm, a vibration part comprising a magnet and a yoke, which is positioned apart from the diaphragm by a desired distance, a suspension elastically supporting the vibration part, a supporting part supporting the diaphragm and ...

10/05/06 - 20060222199 - Speaker apparatus
A speaker apparatus includes at least one of an inner flux applicator and an outer flux applicator includes an annular first member and an annular second member. The first member having a first surface that faces toward the magnetic gap, the first member satisfying L1>W1 where L1 is a length ...

09/28/06 - 20060215871 - Loudspeaker
A high efficiency loudspeaker without a damper is provided. The loudspeaker includes magnetic circuit having a magnetic gap and a voice coil member, which has movable coil, disposed in the magnetic gap of the magnetic circuit. The loudspeaker also includes a diaphragm, whose inner peripheral part is linked with the ...

09/28/06 - 20060215870 - Low profile speaker and system
A speaker has a magnet structure mounted ahead of the speaker diaphragm to produce a shallow compact unit. The magnet structure defines a flux gap, and a voice coil residing in the flux gap is connected to a main diaphragm such that drive current applied to the voice coil moves ...

09/14/06 - 20060204028 - Speaker apparatus
A speaker apparatus includes a speaker frame, an acoustic vibrating plate movably supported on the speaker frame, and a magnetic driver formed in the speaker frame for vibrating the acoustic vibrating plate. The magnetic driver is connected such that it may vibrate different portions of the acoustic vibrating plate independently. ...

09/07/06 - 20060198548 - Frame for speaker device and speaker device
A frame for a speaker device includes a magnetic circuit housing unit including an outer peripheral wall housing a magnetic circuit. The outer peripheral wall is formed into a streamline and curved shape. ...

08/24/06 - 20060188126 - Miniature multi-loudspeaker module
A miniature multi-loudspeaker module comprising a housing including a magnetic circuit having magnetic means and a magnetically conducting body defining a magnetic field, and first and second coplanar diaphragm and coil assemblies, which are separately movable. The housing is attached to a front cover, which includes first and second sound ...

08/03/06 - 20060171555 - Loudspeaker having an inner lead wire system and related method of protecting the lead wires
A loudspeaker for generating sound from an electrical current provided by an external source may include an adapter and/or a guide for supporting, directing and routing lead wires carrying the electrical current from the external source. The lead wires may be routed through a guide supported by a pole assembly ...

08/03/06 - 20060171554 - Acoustic transducer
An acoustic transducer includes a magnetic circuit part and a voice coil operatively connected to the magnetic circuit part. A tubular casing accommodates the magnetic circuit part and the voice coil. An annular first support spring has an outer peripheral portion embedded and secured in the casing. The first support ...

07/13/06 - 20060153418 - Electroacoustic transducer mounting in shells of hearing prostheses
A hearing aid and a receiver for use therein, the receiver being tip-mountable in a chamber of a housing. The back chamber of the receiver is acoustically connected to the chamber of the housing. The receiver is a dual-diaphragm receiver providing no or very little vibrations, whereby the receiver is ...

07/13/06 - 20060153417 - Electric-acoustic transducer and electric-acoustic transducer/housing assembly
An electric-acoustic transducer/housing assembly includes an electric-acoustic transducer and a housing within which the electric-acoustic transducer is arranged. The electric-acoustic transducer includes a casing, a first and second vibratory plates transversely mounted within the casing, and an exciter disposed between the first and second vibratory plates and operated to vibrate ...

07/13/06 - 20060153416 - Vibration actuator device of portable terminal
By having multiple air passage holes 10c in the housing 1 and by creating a clearance G2 between the outer surface of the yoke 20 and the inner surface of the housing 1, the measurement of the clearance being confined to a range exceeding 0% but not exceeding 2.5% of ...

06/29/06 - 20060140436 - Method and system for assembling electroacoustic transducers
Method and system are disclosed for facilitating automatic assembly of electroacoustic transducers for listening devices, such as hearing aids. The method and system provide the components of the electroacoustic transducer in the form of carriers. Each carrier includes a frame surrounding a preformed component. The preformed component is attached to ...

06/08/06 - 20060120552 - Loudspeaker
In a loudspeaker, a lead wire of a voice coil is fastened to a diaphragm, and is extended along the diaphragm. A bottom surface of a frame supporting the diaphragm is placed so as to face against a rear surface of the diaphragm. A protrusion is formed on the bottom ...

06/08/06 - 20060120551 - Loudspeaker, manufacturing method thereof, and mobile telephone using the same
A loudspeaker used mainly for mobile communication equipment such as a mobile telephone and having two loudspeaker parts provided in one frame is provided. In the loudspeaker, a yoke has a groove portion and a second voice coil disposed in this groove portion drives a second diaphragm. Since the groove ...

05/25/06 - 20060110001 - Inertial voice type coil actuator systems
The present invention includes a variety of magnetic circuit arrangements functioning as acoustic drivers. The circuits include a coil former around which is wrapped a conductive coil and a magnetic gap in which the former is at least partially positioned. Further, an output disk is associated with the former to ...

04/20/06 - 20060083401 - Speaker of a portable terminal having a resonance space
A speaker of a portable terminal having a resonance space defined in the portable terminal such that the sound can advance in multiple directions through the resonance space, thereby enabling a user of the terminal to hear a large volume of high quality sound. The speaker includes an internal antenna ...

04/20/06 - 20060083400 - Apparatus for creating motion amplification in a transducer with improved linkage structure
Various linkage assemblies are shown and described for connecting a first movable member to a second movable member of a transducer. The linkage assemblies provide for motion amplification or reduction and, when used for sound generating purposes such as hearing aids or speakers, three different schemes for compensating for amplification-induced ...

03/30/06 - 20060067558 - Speaker and method of manufacturing the same
A speaker includes a diaphragm having a principal vibration part and annular internal and external supports for supporting the principal vibration part, a large-diameter voice coil unit mounted at the outer edge of the principal vibration part, a small-diameter voice coil unit mounted at the inner edge of the principal ...

03/23/06 - 20060062420 - Microelectromechanical speaker
Disclosed is a microelectromechanical (MEM) speaker device. In one embodiment, the MEM speaker device includes: (i) a base layer; (ii) a device controller; (iii) a coil layer connected to magnetic material; (iv) an oscillator connected to a spring and the magnetic material; (v) a spring between the oscillator and a ...

03/23/06 - 20060062419 - Audio speaker
An audio speaker has a T-yoke, a solenoid, a voice coil, a cone paper, a magnet, a gasket, a basket, a terminal, a damper and a wire. The T-yoke has a bottom disk and a pole formed on the bottom disk. The solenoid and the voice coil are mounted on ...

03/09/06 - 20060050920 - Condenser microphone unit
The resonance frequency of a diaphragm in a condenser microphone unit is increased without applying an excessive tension to the diaphragm and without decreasing the effective electrostatic capacity. In a condenser microphone unit in which a diaphragm assembly 100 having a diaphragm 120 stretchedly provided on a diaphragm support 110 ...

02/16/06 - 20060034480 - Securing magnets in high-efficiency planar magnetic transducers
In an audio system, cyanoacrylate adhesive can reliably hold neodymium magnets to a stator for a planar magnetic transducer when the transducer generates high output. In one implementation, the planar magnetic transducer can include multiple neodymium magnets aligned in rows on top of a stator. Each neodymium magnet may be ...

02/02/06 - 20060023912 - Electroacoustic transducer with field replaceable diaphragm carrying two interlaced coils, without manipulating any wires
A diaphragmatic (planar) electroacoustic transducer forms a complete sound radiating transducer, with high efficiency and linearity. An easily exchangeable and rectangular in shape diaphragm, of very thin polyamide film is made with a plurality of aluminum conductors formed on one side of said diaphragm. The diaphragm with the plurality of ...

01/19/06 - 20060013432 - Low-radiation electromagnetic earpiece
In an electromagnetic earpiece with a housing in which a coil through which an energizing current flows as well as a membrane are arranged such that the membrane can be excited to vibrate as a result of the energizing current, the parasitic leakage field generated by the electromagnetic earpiece is ...

01/12/06 - 20060008109 - Loudspeaker structure
The present invention relates to a loudspeaker structure in accordance with one aspect of the present invention comprises a bowl-shaped frame, a central column is integrally formed in the frame and faces an opening end of the frame, the central column axially formed with a threaded hole, and a fixing ...

01/12/06 - 20060008108 - Loudspeaker structure
The present invention relates to a loudspeaker structure in accordance with one aspect of the present invention comprises a bowl-shaped frame, a central column is integrally formed in the frame and faces an opening end of the frame, the central column axially formed with a through hole, and a fixing ...

01/05/06 - 20060002578 - Multi-function actuator capable of preventing vibration
The present invention relates to a multi-function actuator, in which a voice coil vibrates a sound-generating diaphragm in response to an audio signal. A vibration coil is placed on a central axis coaxial with the voice coil for generating vibration in response to the audio signal or a vibration signal. ...

01/05/06 - 20060002577 - Internal weight type vertical vibrator
Disclosed is an internal weight type vertical vibrator including: a housing; a magnetic circuit unit placed in the internal space of the housing, and comprising a magnet perpendicularly placed and a yoke for fixedly receiving the magnet therein for generating a magnetic field; spring members provided with upper ends fixed ...

12/22/05 - 20050281431 - Speaker device and method of manufacturing the speaker device
The speaker device has the pot type yoke and a frame. The pot type yoke has a body part and a bottom part, and is formed by connecting them. The body part has a flange part and projecting portions. Such a pot type yoke is made by connecting one inner ...

12/22/05 - 20050281430 - Speaker device
A speaker device includes a connecting member having a groove supporting an inner peripheral edge portion of a diaphragm. The groove is formed at an area in the vicinity of an upper end of an outer peripheral wall of a cylindrical portion, and is formed on the outer peripheral wall ...

12/15/05 - 20050276434 - Dynamic exciter and loudspeaker using the same
A dynamic exciter includes a frame, a magnetic circuit assembly, which includes a permanent magnet and a yoke and through which a magnetic circuit generated by the permanent magnet extends, and an electromagnetic coil positioned across a magnetic gap formed in the magnetic circuit assembly. A first suspension member supportingly ...

12/15/05 - 20050276433 - Magnetic assembly for a transducer
A transducer suitable for use as a microphone or receiver in a hearing aid has a housing and a diaphragm disposed within the housing. A motor assembly is also disposed within the housing and operatively coupled to the diaphragm. The motor assembly includes a magnet assembly having a magnetic yoke ...

12/08/05 - 20050271237 - Speaker having improved sound-radiating function to both directions
A speaker having an improved sound-radiating function to both directions is provided. The speaker includes a magnetic circuit unit, a voice coil, and an auxiliary vibrating plate and a primary vibrating plate sequentially arranged from a forward direction. The voice coil vibrates toward a backward direction and a forward direction ...

12/08/05 - 20050271236 - Coaxial speaker device and manufacturing method thereof
A speaker device includes speaker units for high-frequency band reproduction and for low-frequency band reproduction and a supporting member. fixed to an opening of a center pole of the speaker unit for low-frequency band reproduction, serves as a lower frame of the speaker unit for low-frequency band reproduction, and has ...

11/17/05 - 20050254681 - Loudspeaker
A loudspeaker comprising a loudspeaker drive unit being operable to radiate sound in a forward direction and a rearward direction and an enclosure configured to receive sound radiated in the rearward direction. The enclosure comprises a passageway system comprising a plurality of parts of different lengths. Each of the different ...

11/17/05 - 20050254680 - Electroacoustic transducer
In an electroacoustic transducer, a pair of coil terminals elongating from a voice coil are electrically connected to a pair of terminal members attached to a frame via a flexible printed circuit board, respectively. According to the configuration, even in a case where an electroacoustic transducer is used at a ...

11/03/05 - 20050244028 - Electroacoustic transducer with built in transducer circuit
In an electroacoustic transducer (1), an annular shaped magnet system (14) is provided, enclosing an inner space (22), in which inner space (22) an integrated circuit (31) is accommodated, with the aid of which integrated circuit (31) an electrical signal to be sent to a moving coil (29) of transducer ...

10/27/05 - 20050238197 - Super tweeter
A super tweeter includes a magnetic base, a voice coil, a frame annularly mounted to the magnetic base, a central supporting member mounted on a central portion of the magnetic base, a diaphragm, an annular inner supporting member, and an annular outer supporting member. The diaphragm is connected between an ...

10/06/05 - 20050220320 - Speaker for mobile terminals and manufacturing method thereof
Disclosed herein are a speaker for mobile terminals which has a slim structure and has a wide frequency characteristic and an excellent high frequency distortion characteristic, thus accomplishing an excellent sound quality, and a method of manufacturing the speaker. ...

09/22/05 - 20050207610 - Multifunction speaker
A multifunction speaker has a frame made of an insulation material and having a cylindrical portion, a pair of supporting springs secured to the frame and to a magnetic circuit for supporting the magnetic circuit. The magnetic circuit comprises a pole piece having a center pole and a flange on ...

09/22/05 - 20050207609 - Transducer for tactile applications and apparatus incorporating transducers
The disclosed transducer the can transfer an audio signal into a full-spectrum tactile wave over a frequency of 10 Hz-2 KHz. Upper and lower springs of the transducer produce vibrations via a coil/magnet in a manner similar to a conventional speaker, but the transducer uses a novel arrangement of elements, ...

09/15/05 - 20050201586 - Electro-acoustic transducer
An electro-acoustic transducer for driving a large surface is used to convert electrical signals into sound. The transducer has a housing with a cast aluminum bottom and a molded plastic top. The top and bottom are fastened together by screws with a gasket in between the contacting surfaces to form ...

08/18/05 - 20050180591 - Speaker
A magnetic circuit driving a diaphragm is located in a sound emission area of the diaphragm which is supported by a frame. A network element is installed on the opposite side of a frame member from the sound emission area of the diaphragm. ...

08/18/05 - 20050180590 - Loudspeaker with field replaceable parts and method of assembly
A loudspeaker and method of assembly according to this invention provides for precise alignment between the frame and motor structure before they are connected to one another, and employs a fixture to form the moving assembly of the speaker, i.e. the voice coil, upper and lower suspensions and diaphragm, outside ...

06/30/05 - 20050141744 - Loudspeaker and components for use in construction thereof
A loudspeaker and components for use in the construction thereof is provided. In one aspect, the present invention relates generally to a new type of loudspeaker comprising a driver having a sound radiating element, at least two motor elements which, in operation, cooperate to move the sound radiating element in ...

06/23/05 - 20050135651 - Means at electromagnetic vibrator
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic vibrator of variable reluctance type, according to a new principle which provides higher efficiency, smaller dimension, and higher reliability compared to known technology. This has been obtained by that the magnetic signal flux generated by the coil is closed through a bobbin body ...

06/16/05 - 20050129264 - System module
The system module includes first and second film members stacked to oppose each other with a predetermined gap therebetween, an actuator or a part of an actuator is formed in the predetermined gap, and the first film member is provided with one or more actuators or a part of the ...



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