| Use of vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers for hydrophobing construction substances -> Monitor Keywords |
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Use of vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers for hydrophobing construction substancesRelated Patent Categories: Synthetic Resins Or Natural Rubbers -- Part Of The Class 520 Series, Involving Inert Gas, Steam, Nitrogen Gas, Or Carbon Dioxide, Processes Of Preparing A Desired Or Intentional Composition Of At Least One Nonreactant Material And At Least One Solid Polymer Or Specified Intermediate Condensation Product, Or Product Thereof, Adding A Nrm To A Preformed Solid Polymer Or Preformed Specified Intermediate Condensation Product, Composition Thereof; Or Process Of Treating Or Composition Thereof, Dnrm Which Is Other Than Silicon Dioxide, Glass, Titanium Dioxide, Water, Halohydrocarbon, Hydrocarbon, Or Elemental Carbon, Organic Dnrm, Organic Compound Having A Sulfur Bonded Directly To Oxygen Dnrm, , ,Use of vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers for hydrophobing construction substances description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070173574, Use of vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers for hydrophobing construction substances. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] The invention relates to the use of vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers for imparting water repellency to construction materials, especially for surface-coating materials such as skim coats, monocouche coatings and joint fillers. [0002] Polymers based on vinyl ester, vinyl chloride, (meth)acrylate monomers, styrene, butadiene and ethylene are employed in particular in the form of their aqueous dispersions or water-redispersible polymer powders in numerous applications, for example as coating materials or adhesives for any of a very wide variety of substrates. These polymers are stabilized using protective colloids or surface-active compounds of low molecular mass. Protective colloids used are generally polyvinyl alcohols. These products find use in particular as binders in hydraulically setting adhesives such as tile adhesives, for example, or in plasters or levelling compounds based on cements or gypsums. [0003] Skim coats or monocouche and joint fillers are each applications which impose very exacting requirements on the water resistance or water repellency of the finished components. By skim coats are meant very thin finish-coat plasters or smoothing-trowel applications with a thickness of generally 1 to 2 mm. Monocouche is a term for single-coat plasters which at the same time are decorative plasters. In order to meet the water repellency requirements of these applications, the formulations must be hydrophobically modified accordingly. [0004] From DE-A 2341085, EP-A 342609, EP-A 717016 and EP-A 1193287 it is known to add fatty acid esters as water repellents to lime- or cement-bound plasters. A disadvantage in this case is often the actual hydrophobizing nature of these additives. When dry plasters which include such water repellents are stirred into water, the materials are wetted only poorly, and therefore the processing properties are markedly impaired. [0005] Water-redispersible powders based on homopolymers or copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers are used in the building sector as binders, in combination with hydraulically setting binders such as cement. In building adhesives, plasters, mortars and paints, for example, they serve to improve the mechanical strength and the adhesion. From WO-A 95/20627, WO-A 02/31036 and DE-A 10233933 it is known to use hydrophobizing additives such as organosilicon compounds and fatty acid esters as a component of redispersible powders in dry mortars. This circumvents the problem of the poor wettability and processing properties. The hydrophobicizing effect, however, is dependent on the proportion of the water repellent in the redispersible powder, and therefore cannot be varied arbitrarily. [0006] From EP-A 149098 and EP-A 224169 it is known to use vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers as an additive to hydraulically setting compositions for the purpose of improving their mechanical strength, especially compressive strength, abrasion resistance, flexural strength under tension and adhesive strength under tension. [0007] An object which existed was to provide a polymer composition in the form of its aqueous dispersion or in the form of its water-redispersible powder which is suitable for use in construction materials for which a very high water repellency effect is required. For joint fillers, modified with 1% by weight of polymer, based on dry mass, the water absorption according to EN 12808 after 3 hours should be .ltoreq.5 ml. For skim-coat plasters, modified with 1% by weight of polymer, based on dry mass, the water absorption determined by the method of Karsten is to be .ltoreq.2 ml after 300 minutes. [0008] The invention provides for the use of polymer compositions in the form of their aqueous dispersion or in the form of their water-redispersible powder for imparting water repellency to construction materials, comprising [0009] a) a vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymer and [0010] b) 5% to 30% by weight of one or more protective colloids, and also [0011] c) in powder form, 5% to 30% by weight of one or more anti-blocking agents, and also, [0012] if desired, further additives, [0013] the amounts in % by weight being based on the total weight of the polymer powder composition and adding up in each case to 100% by weight. [0014] The vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymer contains preferably 50% to 95% by weight of vinyl chloride units, 5% to 30% by weight of ethylene units, more preferably 75% to 90% by weight of vinyl chloride units, 10% to 25% by weight of ethylene units, based in each case on the total weight of the copolymer. [0015] If desired it is also possible for up to 20% by weight of further comonomers to have been copolymerized. Examples thereof are monomers from the group consisting of vinyl esters, (meth)acrylic esters and vinylaromatics. Suitable vinyl esters are those of carboxylic acids having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Preference is given to vinyl acetate, 1-methylvinyl acetate, vinyl esters of .alpha.-branched monocarboxylic acids having 9 to 11 carbon atoms, examples being VeoVa9.sup.R or VeoVa10.sup.R (trade names of the company Resolution). Suitable monomers from the acrylic and methacrylic ester group are esters with branched or unbranched alcohols having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. Preferred acrylic and methacrylic esters are methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate and 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate. A preferred vinylaromatic is styrene. [0016] If desired it is also possible for 0.1% to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer mixture, of auxiliary monomers to be copolymerized. Preference is given to ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; ethylenically unsaturated carboxamides and carbonitriles such as acrylamide and acrylonitrile; and ethylenically unsaturated sulphonic acids and their salts, preferably vinylsulphonic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid. Further examples are pre-crosslinking comonomers such as polyethylenically unsaturated comonomers, examples being divinyl adipate, diallyl maleate, allyl methacrylate and triallyl cyanurate, or post-crosslinking comonomers, examples being N-methylolacrylamide (NMA), alkyl ethers such as the isobutoxy ether or esters of N-methylolacrylamide. Further examples are silicon-functional comonomers, such as (meth)acryloyloxypropyltri(alkoxy)silanes. [0017] The most preferred are vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers without further comonomer units. [0018] Suitable protective colloids are water-soluble polymers from the group consisting of fully and partly hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohols; polyvinylpyrrolidones; polyvinyl acetals; polysaccharides in water-soluble form such as starches (amylose and amylopectin), celluloses and their carboxymethyl, methyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl derivatives; proteins such as casein and caseinate, soya protein, and gelatin; ligno-sulphonates; synthetic polymers such as poly(meth)acrylic acid, copolymers of (meth)acrylates with carboxy-functional comonomer units, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinylsulphonic acids and the water-soluble copolymers thereof; melamine-formaldehyde sulphonates, naphthalene-formaldehyde sulphonates, styrene-maleic acid copolymers and vinyl ether-maleic acid copolymers. [0019] Preference is given to fully or partly hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohols having a degree of hydrolysis of 80 to 100 mol %, especially partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohols having a degree of hydrolysis of 80 to 95 mol % and a Hoppler viscosity, in 4% strength aqueous solution, of 1 to 30 mPas, preferably 3 to 15 mPas (method according to Hoppler at 20.degree. C., DIN 53015). [0020] Preference is also given to partially or fully hydrolysed, hydrophobically modified polyvinyl alcohols having a degree of hydrolysis of 80 to 100 mol % and a Hoppler viscosity, in 4% strength aqueous solution, of 1 to 30 mPas, preferably 3 to 15 mPas. Examples of such are partially hydrolysed copolymers of vinyl acetate with hydrophobic comonomers such as isopropenyl acetate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl ethylhexanoate, vinyl esters of saturated alpha-branched monocarboxylic acids having 5 or 9 to 11 carbon atoms, dialkyl maleates and dialkyl fumarates such as diisopropyl maleate and diisopropyl fumarate, vinyl chloride, vinyl alkyl ethers such as vinyl butyl ether, and alpha-olefins having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as ethene, propene and decene. The fraction of the hydrophobic units is preferably 0.1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the partially or fully hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol. Particular preference is given to partially or fully hydrolysed copolymers of vinyl acetate with isopropenyl acetate, having a degree of hydrolysis of 95 to 100 mol %. Mixtures of the said polyvinyl alcohols can also be used. [0021] Maximum preference is given to partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohols having a degree of hydrolysis of 85 to 94 mol % and a Hoppler viscosity, in 4% strength aqueous solution, of 3 to 15 mPas (Hoppler method at 20.degree. C., DIN 53015) and to partially or fully hydrolysed copolymers of vinyl acetate with isopropenyl acetate, having a degree of hydrolysis of 95 to 100 mol %. The said polyvinyl alcohols are obtainable by means of processes that are known to the skilled person. [0022] Suitable anti-blocking agents c) are Ca carbonate, Mg carbonate, talc, gypsum, ground clays, kaolins such as metakaolin and finely ground aluminium silicates, kieselguhr, colloidal silica gel, and pyrogenic silicon dioxide, in each case with particle sizes preferably in the range from 10 nm to 10 .mu.m. [0023] Further additives, which can be used optionally, are preferably hydrophobicizing additives d). Examples of such are additives d1), i.e., fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives which under alkaline conditions liberate fatty acid or the corresponding fatty acid anion, and/or additives d2), i.e., organosilicon compounds. In general, component d) is used in an amount of 1% to 20% by weight, preferably 1% to 10% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the polymer composition. [0024] Suitable for use as component d1) are, generally, fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives which under alkaline conditions, preferably a pH>8, liberate fatty acid and/or the corresponding fatty acid anion. Preference is given to fatty acid compounds from the group consisting of fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, their metal soaps, their amides, and their esters with monohydric alcohols having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, with glycol, with polyglycol, with polyalkylene glycol, with glycerol, with mono-, di- or triethanolamine, or with monosaccharides. 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