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Treatment methods using polypeptides related to amyloid precursor proteinTreatment methods using polypeptides related to amyloid precursor protein description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20080153759, Treatment methods using polypeptides related to amyloid precursor protein. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
This is a divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 09/998,491, filed Nov. 30, 2001, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to polypeptide compounds and to their use in medicine. Compounds according to the invention are believed to be potentially useful as cognitive enhancers and in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTIONAlzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain disease which is characterized by progressive loss of memory and subsequently most other cognitive functions in an irreversible decline over a period of years. It represents a substantial health problem, particularly in an ageing population. The amyloid precursor protein (“APP”) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein and is known to have important functions in normal brain tissue. The human form of APP is known to consist of 695 amino acid residues (SEQ ID No: 1) in a sequence which is also known (see Kang et al, Nature 325, 733-736 (1987), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference). The chick form of APP is known to consist of 534 amino acid residues (SEQ ID No: 2) and to resemble the human form closely, being approximately 95% homologous therewith (see the paper by Kang et al just mentioned and Barnes et al., J Neurosci, 18 (15) 5869-5880 (1998), contents of which are also incorporated herein by reference). The amino acid sequences of the human and chick forms of APP are reproduced in FIG. 1 of the drawings of this specification. Two effects which have been noted to take place in the brain of a person suffering from Alzheimer's disease are the build up outside the nerve cells of the brain of tangled masses of protein and the build up inside the brain cells of a different protein. The extracellular proteins are known to be aggregates of polypeptides having amino acid sequences corresponding to portions of the extracellular part of APP. The tangled masses of these proteins are known as amyloid plaques. The intracellular proteins are known as tau proteins. It is however not known whether either or both of the extracellular accumulation of amyloid plaques and the intracellular accumulation of tau proteins are the causes or the symptoms of Alzheimer's and related neurodegenerative diseases of the Alzheimer type. The amino acid sequence of the β-amyloid polypeptide fragment (1-42) is identical in the human and chick forms of APP and consists of amino acid residues 597 to 638 in the human form and residues 436 to 477 in the chick form, (see the papers by Kang et al and Barnes et al referred to hereinbefore). DEFINITIONSThe following expressions are used in this specification and have the following meanings:
APP means “amyloid precursor protein”;
human APP means the human form of APP;
chick APP means the chick form of APP;
RERMS means the pentapeptide Arg-Glu-Arg-Met-Ser (SEQ ID No: 3);
APP 328-332 also means the pentapeptide Arg-Glu-Arg-Met-Ser (SEQ ID No: 3) which corresponds to amino acid residues 328 to 332 of human APP
SMRER means the pentapeptide Ser-Met-Arg-Glu-Arg (SEQ ID No: 4);
Aβ domain means the domain of APP which forms β-amyloid plaques;
β-amyloid 12-28 means the sequence of amino acid residues which constitute part of the Aβ domain of human APP, the sequence being Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-Glu-Asp-Val-Gly-Ser-Asn-Lys (SEQ ID No: 8) which corresponds to amino acid residues 608 to 624 of human APP and amino acids 447 to 463 of chick APP;
RSAER means the pentapeptide Arg-Ser-Ala-Glu-Arg (SEQ ID No: 5); and
APP 319-335 means the polypeptide Ala-Lys-Glu-Arg-Leu-Glu-Ala-Lys-His-Arg-Glu-Arg-Met-Ser-Gln-Val-Met (AKERLEAKHRERMSQVM) (SEQ ID No: 6).
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