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Transparent ionomeric films from blends of ionomeric copolymersRelated Patent Categories: Synthetic Resins Or Natural Rubbers -- Part Of The Class 520 Series, Natural Rubber Compositions Having Nonreactive Materials (dnrm) Other Than: Carbon, Silicon Dioxide, Glass Titanium Dioxide, Water, Hydrocarbon, Halohydrocarbon, Ethylenically Unsaturated Reactant Admixed With A Preformed Reaction Product Derived From: (a) At Least One Polycarboxylic Acid, Ester, Or Anhydride; (b) At Least One Polyhydroxy Compound; And (c) At Least One Fatty Acid Glycerol Ester, Or A Fatty Acid Or Salt Derived From A Naturally Occurring Glyceride, Tall Oil, Or A Tall Oil Fatty Acid, At Least One Solid Polymer Derived From Ethylenic Reactants Only, Polymer Mixture Of Two Or More Solid Polymers Derived From Ethylenically Unsaturated Reactants Only; Or Mixtures Of Said Polymer Mixture With A Chemical Treating Agent; Or Products Or Processes Of Preparing Any Of The Above Mixtures, Treating Polymer Or Polymer Mixture With A Chemical Treating Agent Other Than Solid Polymer, Agent Is An Organic Material,Transparent ionomeric films from blends of ionomeric copolymers description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060084763, Transparent ionomeric films from blends of ionomeric copolymers. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/582,563, filed Jun. 24, 2004. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] This invention relates to films useful as encapsulants for photovoltaic (solar) cells. This invention particularly relates to films comprising ethylene acid copolymer ionomers useful as encapsulants for photovoltaic cells. [0004] 2. Description of the Related Art [0005] In applications where good optical properties are important, it can be a requirement to have a film that is substantially transparent to light. Films useful in applications where optical properties are important may not have other physical or mechanical properties--such as, for example modulus--suitable for use in the desired field of use. [0006] Blends of ionomers have found particular application in golf ball covers. For example U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,430 to DuPont describes an ionomer composition for improved high temperature performance. [0007] U.S. Pat. No. 5,567,772 to DuPont describes an ionomer blend comprising a polymer that is an ethylene/acid copolymer ionomer which is a partially neutralized copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. [0008] Golf ball covers have been obtained from blends of high acid ionomers with other ionomers. For example U.S. Pat. No. 5,873,796 to Acushnet Company claims a golf ball comprising a core and at least one cover layer comprising a blend of a high acid ionomer formed from an acid copolymer having an acid content of 19 weight percent; and an ionomer formed from an acid copolymer having an acid content of 15 weight percent. [0009] Blends of high and low modulus ionomers for use in a golf ball have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,937. [0010] U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,814 to Spalding teaches blending a hard ionomer resin with a soft ionomer resin to produce a golf ball cover. [0011] U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,791 to Lisco describes a composition for use in a golf ball said to have enhanced carrying distance. [0012] Other patents of interest that demonstrate the current state of the art in blending of ionomers are U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,688,869, 5,691,418, and 5,328,959. [0013] The teaching of the golf ball related art describes blended compositions suitable for use in a golf ball cover or other parts of a golf ball. It is of note, however, that transparency and haze (optical properties) are not properties that are considered critical or of any influence to golf ball performance or acceptance. [0014] Blending ionomers having a modulus that is acceptable for an encapsulant application with other ionomers having acceptable optical properties can result in optical properties and modulus that are intermediate between the properties of the components. This can be an unsatisfactory result where improved optical properties or modulus are desirable. [0015] It would therefore be desirable to provide an ionomer film that incorporates both the physical and optical properties desirable for use in applications where both physical properties and optical properties of a film are important. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0016] The present inventors have made the surprising discovery that it is possible to blend ionomers and obtain a film product that is more flexible than would be expected based on the moduli of the component polymers and yet without a sacrifice in the optical clarity that would be expected from blending two chemically distinguishable materials. Indeed, the optical clarity is very close to that of the more clear component in the mixture. [0017] In one embodiment, the present invention is a blend of at least two chemically distinguishable copolymers that are each obtained by copolymerization of ethylene with at least one other comonomer, wherein the at least one other comonomer is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and wherein a film obtained from the blend (a) has a secant modulus of less than about 15,000 psi as measured according to ASTM D882-01 and (b) (i) transmits at least about 85% of incident visible light and/or (ii) has a haze value of equal to or less than about 6% as measured according to ASTM D1003-00. [0018] In another aspect, the present invention is the product that is obtained after melt extrusion of a blend of at least two chemically distinguishable copolymers that are each obtained by copolymerization of ethylene with at least one other comonomer, wherein the at least one other comonomer is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and wherein a film obtained from the blend (a) has a secant modulus of less than about 15,000 psi as measured according to ASTM D882-01 and (b) (i) transmits at least about 85% of incident visible light and/or (ii) has a haze value of equal to or less than about 6% as measured according to ASTM D1003-00. [0019] In a still another aspect, the present invention is a film obtained by extruding, casting, or blowing a blend of at least two chemically distinguishable copolymers that are each obtained by copolymerization of ethylene with at least one other comonomer, wherein the at least one other comonomer is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and wherein a film obtained from the blend (a) has a secant modulus of less than about 15,000 psi as measured according to ASTM D882-01 and (b) (i) transmits at least about 85% of incident visible light and/or (ii) has a haze value of equal to or less than about 6% as measured according to ASTM D1003-00. [0020] In still another aspect, the present invention is a film which has a modulus which is less than would be predicted from a composition weighted average of the moduli of films obtained by casting or blowing from the first copolymer and the second copolymer and further optional copolymers alone. [0021] In another aspect, the present invention is a process for preparing an optically transparent film having a modulus of less than about 15,000 psi as measured according to ASTM D882-01 wherein the film (i) transmits at least about 85% of incident visible light and/or (ii) has a haze value of equal to or less than about 6% as measured according to ASTM D1003-00, the process comprising the step of: blending at least two chemically distinguishable copolymers that are each obtained by copolymerization of ethylene with at least one other comonomer, wherein the at least one other comonomer is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. [0022] In a still further aspect the invention is a photovoltaic (solar) cell module that comprises at least one encapsulant layer comprising an optically transparent film, said film comprising a blend of a first copolymer, a second copolymer and optional further copolymers each of said copolymers being chemically distinguishable and being obtained by copolymerization of ethylene each with at least one other comonomer, wherein the at least one other comonomer is independently an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, and wherein the film (a) has a secant modulus of less than about 15,000 psi as measured according to ASTM D882-01 and (b) (i) transmits at least about 85% of incident visible light and/or (ii) has a haze value of equal to or less than about 6% as measured according to ASTM D1003-00. Continue reading about Transparent ionomeric films from blends of ionomeric copolymers... 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