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  Systems and methods for forward error correction in a wireless communication networkUSPTO Application #: 20080109696Title: Systems and methods for forward error correction in a wireless communication network Abstract: A forward error correction encoder encodes input data words into code words that comprise a parity matrix. In one aspect, the encoder is optimized based on the properties of the parity matrix in order to reduce routing overhead and size. (end of abstract)
Agent: Pulse-link, Inc. - Carlsbad, CA, US Inventor: Ismail Lakkis USPTO Applicaton #: 20080109696 - Class: 714752000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Error Detection/correction And Fault Detection/recovery, Pulse Or Data Error Handling, Digital Data Error Correction, Forward Correction By Block Code The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20080109696. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
RELATED APPLICATIONS INFORMATION [0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.120 as a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/952,485, entitled, "Systems and Methods for Forward Error Correction in a Wireless Communication Network," filed Sep. 27, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/120,456, entitled, "Systems and Methods for Recovering Bandwidth in a Wireless Communication Network," filed Apr. 9, 2002, which is in turn a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/010,601, entitled, "Systems and Methods for Wireless Communication Over A Wide Bandwidth Channel Using A Plurality of Sub-channels filed on Dec. 6, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,289,494, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in the entirety as if set forth in full. [0002] This application may be related to the following U.S. patent applications: Ser. No. 09/670,054, filed Sep. 25, 2000; Ser. No. 10/810,948, filed Mar. 25, 2004; Ser. No. 10/811,223, filed Mar. 26, 2004; Ser. No. 10/810,410, filed Mar. 26, 2004; Ser. No. 10/934,316, filed Sep. 3, 2004; Ser. No. 10/948,099, filed Sep. 23, 2004; Ser. No. 10/948,634, filed Sep. 23, 2004; Ser. No. 10/952,485, filed Sep. 27, 2004; Ser. No. 10/961,592, filed Oct. 8, 2004; Ser. No. 10/961,614, filed Oct. 8, 2004; Ser. No. 10/963,026, filed Oct. 12, 2004; Ser. No. 10/962,935, filed Oct. 12, 2004; Ser. No. 10/964,482, filed Oct. 13, 2004; Ser. No. 10/964,336, filed Oct. 13, 2004; Ser. No. 10/985,977, filed Nov. 9, 2004; Ser. No. 10/985,861, filed Nov. 10, 2004; Ser. No. 10/988,373, filed Nov. 12, 2004; Ser. No. 11/055,525, filed Feb. 9, 2005; Ser. No. 11/332,946, filed Jan. 17, 2006; and Ser. No. 11/890,998, filed Aug. 8, 2007. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] 1. Field of the Invention [0004] The invention relates generally to wireless communication and more particularly to systems and methods for wireless communication over a wide bandwidth channel using a plurality of sub-channels. [0005] 2. Background [0006] Wireless communication systems are proliferating at the Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN), and Personal Area Network (PAN) levels. These wireless communication systems use a variety of techniques to allow simultaneous access to multiple users. The most common of these techniques are Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), which assigns specific frequencies to each user, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which assigns particular time slots to each user, and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), which assigns specific codes to each user. But these wireless communication systems and various modulation techniques are afflicted by a host of problems that limit the capacity and the quality of service provided to the users. The following paragraphs briefly describe a few of these problems for the purpose of illustration. [0007] One problem that can exist in a wireless communication system is multipath interference. Multipath interference, or multipath, occurs because some of the energy in a transmitted wireless signal bounces off of obstacles, such as buildings or mountains, as it travels from source to destination. The obstacles in effect create reflections of the transmitted signal and the more obstacles there are, the more reflections they generate. The reflections then travel along their own transmission paths to the destination (or receiver). The reflections will contain the same information as the original signal; however, because of the differing transmission path lengths, the reflected signals will be out of phase with the original signal. As a result, they will often combine destructively with the original signal in the receiver. This is referred to as fading. To combat fading, current systems typically try to estimate the multipath effects and then compensate for them in the receiver using an equalizer. In practice, however, it is very difficult to achieve effective multipath compensation. [0008] A second problem that can affect the operation of wireless communication systems is interference from adjacent communication cells within the system. In FDMA/TDMA systems, this type of interference is prevented through a frequency reuse plan. Under a frequency reuse plan, available communication frequencies are allocated to communication cells within the communication system such that the same frequency will not be used in adjacent cells. Essentially, the available frequencies are split into groups. The number of groups is termed the reuse factor. Then the communication cells are grouped into clusters, each cluster containing the same number of cells as there are frequency groups. Each frequency group is then assigned to a cell in each cluster. Thus, if a frequency reuse factor of 7 is used, for example, then a particular communication frequency will be used only once in every seven communication cells. As a result, in any group of seven communication cells, each cell can only use 1/7.sup.th of the available frequencies, i.e., each cell is only able to use 1/7.sup.th of the available bandwidth. [0009] In a CDMA communication system, each cell uses the same wideband communication channel. In order to avoid interference with adjacent cells, each communication cell uses a particular set of spread spectrum codes to differentiate communications within the cell from those originating outside of the cell. Thus, CDMA systems preserve the bandwidth in the sense that they avoid limitations inherent to conventional reuse planning. But as will be discussed, there are other issues that limit the bandwidth in CDMA systems as well [0010] Thus, in overcoming interference, system bandwidth is often sacrificed. Bandwidth is becoming a very valuable commodity as wireless communication systems continue to expand by adding more and more users. Therefore, trading off bandwidth for system performance is a costly, albeit necessary, proposition that is inherent in all wireless communication systems. [0011] The foregoing are just two examples of the types of problems that can affect conventional wireless communication systems. The examples also illustrate that there are many aspects of wireless communication system performance that can be improved through systems and methods that, for example, reduce interference, increase bandwidth, or both. [0012] Not only are conventional wireless communication systems effected by problems, such as those described in the preceding paragraphs, but also different types of systems are effected in different ways and to different degrees. Wireless communication systems can be split into three types: 1) line-of-sight systems, which can include point-to-point or point-to-multipoint systems; 2) indoor non-line of sight systems; and 3) outdoor systems such as wireless WANs. Line-of-sight systems are least affected by the problems described above, while indoor systems are more affected, due for example to signals bouncing off of building walls. Outdoor systems are by far the most affected of the three systems. Because these types of problems are limiting factors in the design of wireless transmitters and receivers, such designs must be tailored to the specific types of system in which it will operate. In practice, each type of system implements unique communication standards that address the issues unique to the particular type of system. Even if an indoor system used the same communication protocols and modulation techniques as an outdoor system, for example, the receiver designs would still be different because multipath and other problems are unique to a given type of system and must be addressed with unique solutions. This would not necessarily be the case if cost efficient and effective methodologies can be developed to combat such problems as described above that build in programmability so that a device can be reconfigured for different types of systems and still maintain superior performance. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0013] A forward error correction encoder encodes input data words into code words that comprise a parity matrix. In one aspect, the encoder is optimized based on the properties of the parity matrix in order to reduce routing overhead and size. [0014] In another aspect, decoder is optimized to receive and decode the code word in the face of noise introduced when the code word is transmitted over the physical channel [0015] Other aspects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0016] Preferred embodiments of the present inventions taught herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which: [0017] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example embodiment of a wideband channel divided into a plurality of sub-channels in accordance with the invention; [0018] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the effects of multipath in a wireless communication system; [0019] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example embodiment of a wideband communication channel divided into a plurality of sub-channels in accordance with the invention; [0020] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the application of a roll-off factor to the sub-channels of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3; Continue reading... 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