Surgery: light, thermal, and electrical application inventions 01/07

20070021787 - Biocompatible bonding method and electronics package suitable for implantation: The invention is directed to a method of bonding a hermetically sealed electronics package to an electrode or a flexible circuit and the resulting electronics package, that is suitable for implantation in living tissue, such as for a retinal or cortical electrode array to enable restoration of sight to certain... Agent: Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.

20070021785 - Safe-mode implantable medical devices: A method, system, and apparatus for implementing a safe mode operation of an implantable medical system using impedance adjustment(s) are provided. A first impedance is provided to a lead. An indication of a possibility of a coupled energy is received. Based upon said indication, a second impedance associated with the... Agent: Cyberonics, Inc.

20070021786 - Selective nerve stimulation for the treatment of angina pectoris: A method is disclosed for electrically stimulating a cranial nerve, especially a vagus nerve, to treat or alleviate angina pectoris. Pain is lessened or prevented by application of predetermined therapeutic electrical signal to a selected location on the cranial nerve of a patient using an implanted neurostimulating device. Such method... Agent: Cyberonics, Inc.

20070021788 - Facilitation of resuscitation from cardiac arrest by erythropoietin: The present invention relates generally to the use of erythropoietin (EPO) to facilitate resuscitation from cardiac arrest. For a mammalian subject suffering from cardiac arrest, concurrent administration of EPO with resuscitation after the onset of ventricular fibrillation facilitates the resuscitation. Administration of EPO serves to attenuate myocardial abnormalities caused by... Agent: Everest Intellectual Property Law Group

20070021790 - Automatic baroreflex modulation responsive to adverse event: A system for providing baroreflex stimulation comprises a sensor to detect a parameter and provide a signal indicative of the parameter, and a baroreflex stimulator. The baroreflex stimulator includes a driver to provide a control signal adapted to deliver a baroreflex therapy, and a controller to receive the signal indicative... Agent: Townsend And Townsend And Crew, LLP

20070021789 - Intermittent stress augmentation pacing for cardioprotective effect: A device and method for delivering electrical stimulation to the heart in a manner which provides a protective effect is disclosed. The protective effect is produced by configuring a cardiac pacing device to intermittently switch from a normal operating mode to a stress augmentation mode in which the spatial pattern... Agent: Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & Kluth, P.A.

20070021791 - Transthoracic impedance measurement in a subcutaneous device: A subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is disclosed which has an electrically active canister which houses a source of electrical energy, a capacitor, and operational circuitry that senses the presence of potentially fatal heart rhythms. At least one subcutaneous electrode that serves as the opposite electrode from the canister is attached to... Agent: Crompton Seager And Tufte, LLC

20070021792 - Baroreflex modulation based on monitored cardiovascular parameter: The present invention is a system for providing baroreceptor stimulation comprising, a sensor to sense a physiologic parameter and provide a signal indicative of the physiologic parameter, a baroreceptor activation device, which includes, a pulse generator to intermittently generate a stimulation signal to provide baroreceptor stimulation for a baroreflex therapy,... Agent: Townsend And Townsend And Crew, LLP

20070021793 - Pacing output determination based on selected capture threshold values: Approaches for adjusting the pacing energy delivered by a pacemaker are provided. Adjusting the pacing energy involves performing a plurality of capture threshold tests, each capture threshold test measuring a capture threshold of the heart. One or more measured captured thresholds are selected, including at least one capture threshold that... Agent: Crawford Maunu PLLC Suite 390

20070021794 - Baroreflex therapy for disordered breathing: A method is provided for treating respiration conditions of a patient. The method comprises monitoring or measuring a respiration parameter indicative of a need to modify activity of a baroreflex system of the patient, and controlling a baroreceptor activation device to cause or modify activation of a baroreflex response of... Agent: Townsend And Townsend And Crew, LLP

20070021795 - Device and method for adding to breathing: A method and device is provided for adding to breathing by stimulating tissue to elicit a diaphragm response during intrinsic breathing.... Agent: Peters Verny Jones & Schmitt, L.L.P.

20070021799 - Automatic baroreflex modulation based on cardiac activity: The present invention is a system for providing baroreceptor stimulation comprising, a sensor to sense a physiologic parameter and provide a signal indicative of the physiologic parameter, a baroreceptor stimulator, which includes, a pulse generator to provide a baroreceptor stimulation signal adapted to provide a baroreflex therapy, and a control... Agent: Townsend And Townsend And Crew, LLP

20070021796 - Baroreflex modulation to gradually decrease blood pressure: The present invention is a baroreceptor stimulator, including, a pulse generator to provide a baroreceptor stimulation signal through an electrode and a modulator to modulate the baroreceptor stimulation signal to increase the baroreceptor stimulation therapy by a predetermined rate of change to lower systemic blood pressure to a target pressure.... Agent: Townsend And Townsend And Crew, LLP

20070021797 - Baroreflex stimulation synchronized to circadian rhythm: A baroreflex stimulator is provided. The baroreflex stimulator includes a driver adapted to provide a control signal through a baroreceptor activation device, and a controller to periodically modulate the control signal based on an algorithm.... Agent: Townsend And Townsend And Crew, LLP

20070021798 - Baroreflex stimulation to treat acute myocardial infarction: An implantable medical system is provided. The implantable medical system includes a baroreflex stimulator to apply a baroreflex stimulation signal to an electrode, a sensor to detect a parameter indicative of heart failure, and a control system connected to the baroreflex stimulator and to the sensor. The control system is... Agent: Townsend And Townsend And Crew, LLP

20070021800 - Cavernous nerve stimulation via unidirectional propagation of action potentials: Methods of using unidirectionally propagating action potentials (UPAPs) for cavernous nerve stimulation and for certain disorders are provided. Stimulators capable of creating such UPAPs include, but are not limited to, miniature implantable stimulators (i.e., microstimulators), possibly with programmably configurable electrodes.... Agent: Fish & Richardson P.C.

20070021801 - Regional therapies for treatment of pain: Enhanced therapies for treating pain are described. The therapies include subcutaneous stimulation of tissue in proximity to a source of pain at low frequencies (less than about 20 Hz) and high frequencies (greater than about 50 Hz). The subcutaneous stimulation may be applied in proximity to a structure in the... Agent: Medtronic, Inc.

20070021802 - Regional therapies for treatment of pain: Enhanced therapies for treating pain are described. The therapies include subcutaneous stimulation of tissue in proximity to a source of pain at low frequencies (less than about 20 Hz) and high frequencies (greater than about 50 Hz). The therapies further include administering a pain treating agent at a predetermined time... Agent: Medtronic, Inc.

20070021803 - Systems and methods for neuromodulation for treatment of pain and other disorders associated with nerve conduction: Methods and apparatus are provided for selective destruction or temporary disruption of nerves and/or conduction pathways in a mammalian body for the treatment of pain and other disorders. Apparatus comprises catheters having electrodes for targeting and affecting nerve tissue at a cellular level to reversible and irreversible nerve poration and... Agent: Townsend And Townsend And Crew, LLP

20070021804 - Stimulation using a microstimulator to treat tinnitus: An implantable microstimulator and a stimulating electrode are implanted to treat tinnitus. The microstimulator is connected to the stimulating electrode via a short, flexible lead. The electrode is implanted in the promontory of the cochlea or in the cochlear round window niche to deliver electrical stimulation to the auditory nervous... Agent: Advanced Bionics Corporation

20070021805 - Biocompatible sensor electrode assembly and method for the production thereof: The invention relates to a biocompatible sensor electrode arrangement and to a process for its manufacture, at least one carrier substrate area (22), at least one intermediate substrate area (26) on the surface area (22a) of the carrier substrate area (22) and a biomaterial area (24) on the top side... Agent: D. Peter Hochberg

20070021806 - Controllable light therapy apparatus, assembly including the same, and method of operating associated thereto: An apparatus for treating the skin of a patient by means of light therapy. The apparatus includes a base, a light emitting surface, moving means, and control means. The light emitting surface includes an array of light emitting sources, each source being configured for emitting different rays of light at... Agent: Robic

20070021807 - Device for optically stimulating collagen formation in tissue: A polarization based medical device (300) for optically stimulating the formation of collagen in tissue (100) comprises a light source (310) for providing a beam of light. A polarizer polarizes the beam of light. A first beam shaping optics (320) directs the polarized beam of light to a spatial light... Agent: Mark G. Bocchetti Eastman Kodak Company

20070021808 - Patient cooling system and method: A system and method of reducing or raising patient body temperature in an expedited yet safe, cost-effective, and convenient manner. The patient cooling system of the present invention includes a positive pressure device, a cooler for regulating the temperature of gas entering a patient's lungs, and temperature monitoring and controlling... Agent: Holland & Knight LLP

20070021809 - Vagina and vulva cooling and heating device: The present invention is a device and therapeutic method that provides topical cooling or warming to a user's vagina or vulva as a therapeutic benefit to and relief from maladies of these areas. The device includes a protrusion that is placed into the user's vagina and a base that contacts... Agent: Curtis D. Kinghorn Sirius Strategic, LLC

20070021810 - Conformable thermal pack apparatus, manufacture and method: A therapeutic conformable thermal pack having increased thermal energy storage capacity. The apparatus and method enables therapeutic delivery of more stored heat or cold than previously possible to various areas of a treatment area. A new scientific discovery has been made that shows that ellipsoids and oblate spheroids randomly pack... Agent: Dalina Law Group, P.C.

20070021811 - Medical device including radiopaque polymer coated coil and method therefor: An implantable medical device includes a radiopaque polymer coated coil.... Agent: Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & Kluth, P.A.

20070021812 - Telescoping guide catheter with peel-away outer sheath: A guide catheter includes an outer guide having an open lumen and a longitudinal pre-stress line extending between a distal end and a proximal end of the outer guide. The outer guide has a longitudinal stiffness that facilitates transmission of forces and prevention of kinking during steering of the outer... Agent: Mark A. Hollingsworth Hollingsworth & Funk, LLC

20070021813 - Active fixation medical lead: An implantable medical device that includes an elongated body having a proximal end and a distal end, a helical fixation member extending from the distal end of the elongated body, the helical fixation member including a distal tip for affixing the distal end of the elongated body at an implant... Agent: Medtronic, Inc.

20070021815 - Apparatus and method for obtaining cardiac data: An apparatus and method for obtaining information, such as heart rate or the presence of atrial fibrillation, from electrodes applied to the feet of a subject. A scale having electrodes may be used for this purpose. The signal obtained from the electrodes is digitized and filtered to obtain an electrocardiographic... Agent: Andrus, Sceales, Starke & Sawall, LLP

20070021814 - Safe-mode operation of an implantable medical device: A method, system, and apparatus for implementing a safe mode operation of an implantable medical system using impedance adjustment(s) are provided. A first impedance is provided to a lead. An indication of a possibility of a coupled energy is received. Based upon said indication, a second impedance associated with the... Agent: Cyberonics, Inc.

20070016256 - Method and apparatus for treating gland dysfunction: A method and apparatus for treating gland dysfunction caused by gland obstruction in order to restore the natural flow of secretion from the gland comprises the application of a combination of energy, suction, vibration, heat, aspiration, chemical agents and pharmacological agents to loosen and thereafter remove the obstructive material.... Agent: Robert G. Rosenthal

20070016254 - Method and apparatus for treating gland dysfunction employing heated medium: A method and apparatus for treating gland dysfunction caused by gland obstruction in order to restore the natural flow of secretion from the gland comprises the application of a combination of energy, suction, vibration, heat, aspiration, chemical agents and pharmacological agents to loosen and thereafter remove the obstructive material.... Agent: Robert G. Rosenthal

20070016255 - Method and apparatus for treating meibomian gland dysfunction: A method and apparatus for treating gland dysfunction caused by gland obstruction in order to restore the natural flow of secretion from the gland comprises the application of a combination of energy, suction, vibration, heat, aspiration, chemical agents and pharmacological agents to loosen and thereafter remove the obstructive material'.... Agent: Robert G. Rosenthal Suite 200

20070016257 - Methods and apparatus for discriminating polymorphic tachyarrhythmias from monomorphic tachyarrhythmias facilitating detection of fibrillation: Methods and apparatus are provided for discriminating high rate polymorphic QRS complexes from high rate monomorphic QRS complexes to increase the specificity of detection of polymorphic VT and VF employing wavelet transform signal processing of the QRS complexes are disclosed. Wavelet transforms are applied to the sampled amplitude values of... Agent: Medtronic, Inc.

20070016259 - Method and apparatus for temporarily varying a parameter in an implantable medical device: A method and apparatus for varying a parameter in an implantable medical device that includes a plurality of electrodes stimulating heart tissue and sensing cardiac signals, a timing and control device controlling the stimulation of heart tissue by the plurality of electrodes and measuring intervals between the sensed cardiac signals,... Agent: Medtronic, Inc.

20070016258 - Method and apparatus for treating irregular ventricular contractions such as during atrial arrhythmia: A cardiac rhythm management system is capable of treating irregular ventricular heart contractions, such as during atrial tachyarrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. A first indicated pacing interval is computed based at least partially on a most recent V-V interval duration between ventricular beats and a previous value of the first... Agent: Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & Kluth, P.A.

20070016260 - Reduction of left-ventricular offset interaction with tachyarrhythmia detection: A device and method for improving tachyarrhythmia detection when the ventricles are resynchronized by delivering paces to both ventricles separated by a specified offset interval. Timing of escape intervals and tachyarrhythmia detection is based upon senses from one of the ventricles designated as a rate ventricle. A reversion pacing mode... Agent: Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & Kluth, P.A.

20070016261 - Multi channel approach to capture verification: Methods and systems involve classifying the cardiac response to pacing using a multi-channel approach. Multiple cardiac response signals are sensed via multiple sense channels. Each sense channel comprises a distinct combination of electrodes and sensing circuitry. The cardiac response to the pacing pulse is classified based on the morphology of... Agent: Crawford Maunu PLLC

20070016262 - Gi and pancreatic device for treating obesity and diabetes: A method is provided, including placing first and second electrodes at respective first and second sites of a duodenum of a subject, and activating the electrodes to increase a blood insulin level of the subject. Other embodiments are also described.... Agent: Darby & Darby P.C.

20070016263 - Neurostimulator with reduced size: A method, system, and an apparatus for providing a therapy neurostimulation signal. The apparatus of the present invention includes a sealed housing being of a total volume of less than about 14.5 cc and a power supply contained within the sealed housing. The power supply includes a charge capacity of... Agent: Cyberonics, Inc.

20070016264 - Method for eradicating pain of central origin resulting from spinal cord injury: Methods are provided to reliably identify and surgically eradicate aberrant DREZ in patients suffering from spinal cord injury. The methods include identifying potential aberrant DREZ using a combination of mapping techniques based on the location of the patients perceived pain, analysis of the spontaneous electrical hyperactivity in targeted DREZ, and... Agent: Dorsey & Whitney, LLP Intellectual Property Department

20070016265 - Method and system for training adaptive control of limb movement: Disclosed are methods and systems for a virtual reality simulation and display of limb movement that facilitate the development and fitting of prosthetic control of a paralyzed or artificial limb. The user generates command signals that are then processed by the control system. The output of the control system drives... Agent: Mcdermott Will & Emery, LLP 34th Floor

20070016266 - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device and method using microcurrent: A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device and method using a microcurrent with a carrier signal and a square wave form for promoting cell repair and/or healing. It has been found that applying particular wave forms of direct current with a carrier wave signal with specified intervals promotes cell healing especially... Agent: Gardner Groff Santos & Greenwald, P.C.

20070016267 - Directional sound processing in a cochlear implant: A cochlear implant implementing a directional sound processing system is provided. Specifically, the cochlear implants implementing the present invention comprise a plurality of audio sensors arranged in at least one external component of the cochlear implant to spatially receive ambient sound. At least one audio sensor is located in one... Agent: Jagtiani + Guttag

20070016268 - Percutaneous electrode array: A percutaneous electrode array is disclosed for applying therapeutic electrical energy to a treatment site in the body of a patient. The array comprises a plurality of electrode microstructures which are inserted into the epidermis, thereby overcoming the inherent electrical impedance of the outer skin layers and obviating the need... Agent: Dickstein Shapiro LLP

20070016269 - Beauty device: A beauty device of the present invention includes a light irradiation section having a blue LED, a yellow LED, a red LED, and near infrared LED each of which emits light with a predetermined wavelength to a face A, and an oxygen supply section 2 that supplies oxygen to the... Agent: Wenderoth, Lind & Ponack, L.L.P.

20070016273 - Electrothermal intervertebral disc treatment: A method of treating an intervertebral disc includes actively steering a heat-delivery device in two dimensions to a region of a treatment site within the intervertebral disc, and heating the region of the treatment site. A heating element of the heat-delivery device includes various configurations to provide a large heating... Agent: Fish & Richardson P.C. Smith & Nephew, Inc.

20070016271 - Spot heating system for human and animal use: A heating pad adapted for heating specific portion of the body of a human or animal is disclosed. The element is PTC temperature self-regulating and operates on low voltage, therefore may be used by invalids, sleeping persons, and others without danger of scalding or setting fire. Other uses for the... Agent: Michael H. Hammond

20070016270 - System and method for leak detection in external cooling pad: An externally-applied heat exchange pad has three layers laminated together, an inner and outer non-conductive layer and a middle conductive layer. A leak in the inner layer causes coolant to contact the middle layer and change impedance, which can be sensed and used as an indication of an impending total... Agent: Rogitz & Associates

20070016272 - Systems and methods for treating a hollow anatomical structure: A catheter includes multiple primary leads to deliver energy for ligating a hollow anatomical structure. Each of the primary leads includes a resistive element located at the working end of the catheter. Separation is maintained between the leads such that each lead can individually receive power. The catheter can include... Agent: Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear LLP

20070016274 - Gastrointestinal (gi) ablation for gi tumors or to provide therapy for obesity, motility disorders, g.e.r.d., or to induce weight loss: Method and system for ablating selected portions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to provide therapy or alleviate symptoms for GI tract or liver tumors, obesity, motility disorders, GERD, or to induce weight loss. The ablation procedure may be performed endogastrically via mouth and esophagus in an anesthetized patient. Alternatively, the... Agent: Birinder R. Boveja & Angely Widhany

20070016275 - Health industry medical neoprene latex cooling gel around device: The present invention will be used to help reduce/decrease, prevent and avoid swelling/edema to all joints and soft tissue areas of the body, which maybe as a result of surgery, athletic injury, slip and fall or systemic medical disorders. The present invention will have a variety of specific body part... Agent: Carol N. Green, Esq. Law Office Of Carol N. Green, P.A.

20070016276 - Cardiac rhythm management system and method for fetal, neonatal, and/or pediatric patients: This document discusses, among other things a method including inserting an electrode into an umbilical vein, and advancing the electrode through the umbilical vein to a location near or in a heart. In an example, the electrode is inserted into an umbilical vein in utero. In another example, the electrode... Agent: Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & Kluth, P.A.

20070016277 - Lip augmentation device: The present invention is of a method of facilitating lip augmentation, the method comprising treating the lip area with an electricity generating device. The present invention further provides devices and kits for lip augmentation.... Agent: Kenyon & Kenyon LLP

20070010858 - Optical communication of neurostimulation-system information: A neurostimulation lead includes fiber optic cable. A human-implantable neurostimulator and neurostimulation lead each include an opto-electric transducer. The opto-electric transducers can be an optical transmitter, an optical receiver, or an optical transducer, that converts: electrical energy to optical energy; optical energy to electrical energy; or both electrical energy to... Agent: Banner & Witcoff, Ltd.

20070010859 - Methods of enhancing the immune response to autoantigens in mucosal associated lymphatic tissue: Co-administration of an effective amount of autoantigen and UV light to mucosal associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) in a patient.... Agent: Philip S. Johnson Johnson & Johnson

20070010861 - Methods and devices for selective disruption of fatty tissue by controlled cooling: The present invention relates to methods for use in the selective disruption of lipid-rich cells by controlled cooling. The present invention further relates to a device for use in carrying out the methods for selective disruption of lipid-rich cells by controlled cooling.... Agent: Edwards & Angell, LLP

20070010860 - Thermal stimulation probe and method: A physiological thermal stimulation probe, comprising: (a) an electrically controlled heat control element with a relatively low thermal capacity and adapted for contact with tissue on one side thereof; (b) a thermal sink/source with a relatively high effective thermal capacity and a relatively low thermal impedance, such that said thermal... Agent: Wolf, Block, Schorr & Solis-cohen LLP

20070010862 - Apparatus and method for providing an electrical field to a targeted area: An electrical stimulation apparatus for providing a unipolar electrical field over a targeted area, which includes an elongated flexible lead body having opposed proximal and distal end portions, the proximal end portion of the lead body including a connector for operative connection with a pulse generator, and an electrode assembly... Agent: Edwards & Angell, LLP

20070005111 - Protection apparatus for implantable medical device: A method and apparatus for protecting an electronic implantable medical device prior to it being implanted in a patient's body. The apparatus affords protection against electronic component damage due to electrostatic discharge and/or physical damage due to improper handling. The apparatus is comprised of a circuit board having conductive surface... Agent: Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research

20070005112 - Biocompatible bonding method and electronics package suitable for implantation: The invention is directed to a method of bonding a hermetically sealed electronics package to an electrode or a flexible circuit and the resulting electronics package, that is suitable for implantation in living tissue, such as for a retinal or cortical electrode array to enable restoration of sight to certain... Agent: Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.

20070005113 - Preferred adi/r: a permanent pacing mode to eliminate ventricular pacing while maintaining backup support: A preferred atrial-based pacing method and apparatus is provided using an intelligent cardiac pacing system to having the ability to continue atrial-based pacing as long as relatively reliable AV conduction is present. In the event that such relatively reliable AV conduction is not present, mode switching to a DDD/R or... Agent: Medtronic, Inc.

20070005114 - Therapy control based on the rate of change of intracardiac impedance: A system comprising a medical device that includes an impedance measurement circuit adapted to be coupled to implantable electrodes to obtain an intracardiac impedance signal between electrodes, a therapy circuit operable to deliver a therapy to a subject, and a controller circuit coupled to the impedance measurement circuit and the... Agent: Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & Kluth, P.A.

20070005115 - Method of treating depression, mood disorders and anxiety disorders using neuromodulation: The present application involves a method and a system for using electrical stimulation and/or chemical stimulation to treat depression. More particularly, the method comprises surgically implanting an electrical stimulation lead and/or catheter that is in communication with a predetermined site which is coupled to a signal generator and/or infusion pump... Agent: Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc.

20070005116 - Implantable, fully integrated and high performance semiconductor device for retinal prostheses: A retinal prosthesis system which includes an exterior unit that generates electronic images and transmits them to an interior unit that stimulates neurons using electrodes. The interior unit consists of an implantable, fully integrated and high performance device which includes semiconductor devices having much smaller critical dimensions than the prior... Agent: Lsi Logic Corporation

20070005117 - Extra-cochlear implanted hearing aid device: An extra-cochlear hearing aid implant is characterized by a pad having a plurality of electrode prongs that extend therefrom and which are adapted to provide an electrical stimulus to hearing cells within the cochlea. The electrode pad is adapted to be placed onto endosteum overlying the cochlea in an “extended... Agent: Indiano Vaughan LLP

20070005118 - Medical device testing apparatus: An apparatus (30) that can test external components of a cochlear implant system in a manner that does not require the person conducting the test to have advanced knowledge of the operation of the tested component. The apparatus provides a relatively quick and straightforward answer to the question of whether... Agent: Jagtiani + Guttag

20070005119 - Apparatus and method for the point treatment of a patient by acupuncture and light: An apparatus for the treatment of a patient at a plurality of treatment points by acupuncture and light treatment. The apparatus includes an enclosure and a source of light within the enclosure. A plurality of flexible conduits for the transmittal of light are provided, each conduit having a first end... Agent: Michael E. Zall

20070005120 - Method of intracanalicular laser dacryocystorhinostomy: Method for performing transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy which comprises the steps of inserting of a suitable fiber optic which is connected to a solid state laser that emits a laser beam with a wavelength of about 700 nm to about 1600 nm through a lacrimal duct, using an endonasal endoscope to position... Agent: Crowell & Moring LLP Intellectual Property Group

20070005121 - Central nervous system cooling catheter: The invention provides a method and apparatus for performing selective hypothermia to the brain and spinal cord for injury protection without the need for systemic cooling. A flexible catheter is inserted into the cerebral lateral ventricle or spinal subdural space. The catheter has lumens with a heat transfer element. The... Agent: Rohit Khanna Md