| Silencer designed and intended for a compressor -> Monitor Keywords |
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Silencer designed and intended for a compressorRelated Patent Categories: Pumps, With Muffler Acting On Pump FluidSilencer designed and intended for a compressor description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060239836, Silencer designed and intended for a compressor. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application claims priority from European Patent Applications Nos. 05 008836.8, filed Apr. 22, 2005, and 06 005095.2, filed on Mar. 13, 2006, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The invention relates to a silencer designed and intended for a compressor or a vacuum pump, in particular for a compressor that operates according to the displacement principle, or for a vacuum pump that operates according to the displacement principle, which in either case compresses a current of gas, in particular an air current, such that the silencer includes an entrance for the gas current that leaves the compressor, as well as an exit. Within the silencer there is provided a branching region at which an inflow channel divides into two channel sections, namely a first channel section constructed as a main conduit to conduct the gas current further, and a second channel section forming a branch that is closed at its end. The invention further relates to a compressor equipped with such a silencer, as well as to a method of reducing pulsations in a gas current generated by a compressor. [0004] 2. Description of the Related Art [0005] A silencer with the characteristics described above is already known from the patent EP 0 542 169 B 1. In general, compressors, in particular those that operate according to the displacement principle (e.g., screw-type compressors, Roots blowers), present the problem that because the expulsion process on the pressurized or expulsion side of the compressor is discontinuous, pulsations arise in the downstream components, such as pipelines, coolers, containers etc., and these in turn give rise to two main problems: [0006] First, the attached components are placed under considerable stress by the change in pressure, which can cause damage to their material owing to fatigue (permanent fractures, etc.) caused by the cyclic loading produced by the primary pressure change and/or the associated oscillations. [0007] Second, the quite considerable noise emission resulting from the pressure change also as a consequence of the initiation, conduction and radiation of structure-borne sound proves to be extremely disadvantageous. The said problems are especially severe in the case of screw compressors that operate under dry conditions, so that pulsations that may be quite large are produced at the exit from the compression stages. Because the expulsion processes are not harmonic in nature, i.e., sinusoidal or cosinusoidal, but rather are impulse-like, the harmonics of the basic frequency are also emphasized in the frequency analysis, in some cases even more strongly than the basic frequency. [0008] The pulsations with an amplitude relevant here are as a rule within a broad frequency range, typically 200 Hz to 10 kHz. Because of the tonal character of the pulsation (main expulsion frequency and its harmonics) the noises thus produced are subjectively unpleasant. [0009] The main expulsion frequencies can vary widely within a compressor series composed substantially of identical components, on account of various influences. For one thing, the output is often adjusted by regulating the speed of rotation, for instance by means of a frequency converter. Furthermore, individual compressors are often delivered with differently constructed gear trains to drive the compressor stages, in order to adjust the power/pressure. Finally, within a compressor series some individual compressors operate while connected to 50-Hz electrical networks, and others are connected to 60-Hz networks. [0010] Sound-damping procedures effective within a narrow band, with slight dissipation, are not well suited to operate under the limiting conditions described above, because either a plurality of differently tuned silencers are needed for a single compressor, in order to achieve a certain broad-band action, or several silencer variants must be supplied, which are then matched to the individual compressor variants or their later application circumstances. However, this is possible only if the compressor involved is not one having variable frequency (e.g., rotation-speed regulation). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0011] It is the objective of the present invention to propose an especially effective, in particular also broadband, silencer for a compressor or a vacuum pump as well as a method of reducing pulsations in a gas current generated by a compressor or a vacuum pump. [0012] This objective is achieved with regard to the technology of the apparatus by a silencer having the characteristics such as an entrance for the gas current that leaves the compressor and an exit, and such that within the silencer there is provided a branching region that includes an inflow channel from which two channel sections branch away, such that a first channel section is constructed as a main conduit to conduct the gas current further, and a second channel section forms a branch that is closed at its end, wherein the branch has an axial preferential direction (A) oriented parallel to the direction of flow of the gas current in the inflow channel, so that the gas current impinges at least substantially frontally against the branch that is closed at its end. [0013] Further, this objective is achieved with regard to the technology of the apparatus by a silencer having the characteristics, and regarding the procedural technology by the characteristics of reducing pulsations in a gas current generated by a compressor or vacuum pump, in particular one that operates according to the displacement principle, such as for instance a screw-type compressor or a screw-type vacuum pump, wherein the gas current is guided through an entrance into the silencer and out of the latter by way of an exit, such that inside the silencer a branching region is provided that includes an inflow channel from which two channel sections branch off, such that a first channel section is constructed as a main conduit to guide the gas current further, and a second channel section is constructed as a branch closed at its end, wherein a counter-impingement by way of a reflective and/or resonant acoustic behaviour in the branch, which is oriented with an axial preferential direction (A) parallel to the direction of flow of the gas current in the inflow channel, is produced and utilized in order to reduce the pulsation in the gas current. [0014] In addition a compressor or a vacuum pump is disclosed that is equipped with a silencer in accordance with the invention. Advantageous further developments are disclosed in the following description. [0015] A central idea underlying the present invention is that the branching section includes an axial preferential direction (A) oriented parallel to the direction of flow of the gas current in the inflow channel, so that the gas current encounters substantially frontally the branch that is closed at its end. The invention is thus based on the consideration that the sound-related alternating flow in the gas current is especially well damped when a branch closed at its end is directed into the main stream of flowing gas in such a way that the gas current impinges frontally on the branch. [0016] In an advantageous further development the main conduit, which conducts the gas current further, is so constructed and/or oriented that the gas current emerges from the branching region in a direction transverse to that of the gas current in the inflow channel. The term "main conduit" here is meant to include every configuration of a current conduit, such as in particular a 360.degree. annular passageway or part of an annular passageway covering less than 360.degree., in particular also a branching-off tube with circular or polygonal cross section, etc. [0017] In another preferred embodiment the branch and the inflow channel are oriented coaxially or at least substantially coaxially with respect to one another, i.e., the projections of their cross sections are not appreciably offset, but rather are substantially concentric. [0018] Especially good sound-damping properties have been obtained when a cover element provided with openings, in particular a perforated plate, is disposed at or in the branch so as to cover the internal cross section of the branch. In this arrangement part of the sound-related alternating flow can enter through the openings in the region of the branch closed off by the cover element. It must be assumed that the good sound-damping properties are based on a superposition of reflection-related, resonance-related and dissipative effects. [0019] In an optionally possible embodiment the branch can be subdivided by interior walls to form sub-volumes, each of which is associated with a particular number of openings and a corresponding section of the cover element, and which act as largely independent damping elements, in particular as independent resonators, with different resonant frequencies. The distance to which these sub-volumes extend in the direction of the gas flow within the inflow channel can also vary, in order to obtain different reflection properties. [0020] In another preferred embodiment it is possible to make fine adjustments of the damping behaviour of the silencer by way of the arrangement and/or size and/or shape and/or number of the openings in the cover element or the thickness of the cover element, in particular while taking into account the resonator volume or the resonator sub-volumes. In particular, this measure can be used to adjust both resonant frequencies and also broadband characteristics of the silencer. [0021] The parameters of the openings are chosen such that while the silencer is in operation, because of the gas volumes being pumped back and forth through the openings appreciable dissipative effects are produced, which endow the silencer with the desired broadband characteristic. The arrangement of the openings in the cover element of the branch, which is disposed at a small distance from the inflow opening, preferably less than .lamda./10 (.lamda. designates the wavelength of the frequency to be preferentially damped, in particular a main expulsion frequency of the compressor apparatus or of the vacuum pump in a preferred operating range), and substantially parallel to the inflow cross section, results in a high acoustic admittance of the branch despite superposition of the gas flow, which is advantageous for the damping action of the branch. Continue reading about Silencer designed and intended for a compressor... Full patent description for Silencer designed and intended for a compressor Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Silencer designed and intended for a compressor patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. 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