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Sensation masking compositionRelated Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Chewing Gum TypeSensation masking composition description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070036733, Sensation masking composition. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e) of provisional application no. 60/595,874, filed Aug. 12, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present application relates to compositions that impart a masking effect on the user when orally administered. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] It is known that substances, including natural isolates, exist which mask undesirable sensations (or tastes) when applied to skin. Topical warming substances are known to provide this masking effect. Substances which provide this masking effect are referred to as "masking agents", "blocking agents", "desensitizing agents", or "numbing agents". Examples of known masking agents include capsicum (red pepper powder, tincture, oleoresin, and extract), capsaicin, homo-capsaicin, homo-dihdrocapsaicin, nonanoyl vanillyl amide, nonanoic acid vanillyl ether, vanillyl alcohol alkyl ether derivatives (JP-A-57-9729), isovanillyl alcohol alkyl ether derivatives, ethylvanillyl alcohol alkyl ether derivatives, substituted benzyl alcohol alkyl ether derivatives, 4-(1-menthoxymethyl)-2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane and analogs (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,545,424 and 5,753,609), vanillin propylene glycol acetal, ethylvanillin propylene glycol acetal, ginger extract and oil, gingerol, and gingerone. These masking agents may be added as a single ingredient or as part of a fragrance composition to various products to produce a topical masking effect on the skin or oral cavity. [0004] It is also known that numerous sensation are readily expressed on the outer linings of the human oral cavity due to the abundance of taste receptors. The taste receptors of interest are located in the pharynx and on the larynx regions in the back of the oral cavity and throat. These taste receptors (referred to herein as laryngeal taste receptors) are adapted to detect chemicals that are not saline-like, i.e. salty, and occur in chemosensory clusters. They are responsive to both acidic and bitter agents and it is believed that they are connected to the trigeminal nerve. The pharyngeal nerve controls constriction of the throat muscles. The nerve system of the throat is also responsible for the gag and swallowing reflex. The ability to selectively mask or modulate the nerve responses in the throat would be a useful tool for the flavor chemist and would be useful in a variety of consumer products. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] The present invention provides a masking composition comprising a carboxylic acid represented by the formula wherein A is a hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, or a salt thereof. A preferred carboxylic acid is acetic acid. [0006] The masking composition may further include a warming sensate and/or a cooling sensate along with the carboxylic acid. Preferred warming sensates include vanillyl butyl ether and vanillin. Preferred cooling sensates include isopulegol, 3-(1)-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol and menthol. More preferably, the masking composition contains both a warming sensate and a cooling sensate. [0007] The masking composition may be added to beverages, confections such as gums, tablets, chewy candies or hard candies, and pharmaceutical compositions to mask undesirable or overly intense flavor notes of the substance to which it is added. Also, the masking composition can be used to modulate the nerve responses in the throat and oral cavity upon ingestion of an orally consumable product by adding the masking composition to the product prior to ingestion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0008] An increased masking effect can be provided when a warming sensate is combined with a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic Acid [0009] Embodiments of the present invention include C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl carboxylic acids or formic acid that act to mask undesirable or overly intense flavors in products that are orally consumed (e.g. drinks, gums, and liquid pharmaceutical compositions). [0010] As used herein, carboxylic acid refer to compounds represented by the following formula: wherein A is a hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, or a salt thereof. In embodiments in which A is a C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 alkyl, the alkyl group may be a straight chain or may be branched. In a preferred embodiment, A is C.sub.1 (acetic acid). Warming Sensates [0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the warming sensate is selected from compounds represented by the following formula: or an acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is an unsubstituted, branched or straight-chained C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl group and B is a hydrogen, or an unsubstituted, branched or straight-chained C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl group. [0012] In one embodiment A is C.sub.1 alkyl group. In a preferred embodiment, A is C.sub.1 alkyl and B is a C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkyl group. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the warming sensate is selected from vanillyl butyl ether (A is a C.sub.1 alkyl group and B is a straight-chained, unsubstituted C.sub.4 alkyl group) and vanillyl ethyl ether (A is a C.sub.1 alkyl group and B is a straight-chained, unsubstituted C.sub.4 alkyl group). Vanillyl butyl ether is commercially available from Takasago, Inc. under the trade name Hotact.RTM. VBE. [0013] In another embodiment the warming sensate is selected from compounds represented by the formula: or a salt thereof wherein C is an unsubstituted, branched or straight-chained C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkyl group, optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom. [0014] In a preferred embodiment C is a unsubstituted, straight-chained C.sub.4-C.sub.5 alkyl group optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom. In a particularly preferred embodiment, warming sensates are selected from vanillin-1,2-hexylene glycol acetal (C is an unsubstituted, straight-chained C.sub.4 alkyl group) and vanillin-1-butoxyglycerol acetal (C is an unsubstituted, straight chained C.sub.5 alkyl group interrupted by an oxygen at the 2 position). Warming sensates may also be selected from those disclosed in Japanese patent application No. JP 2005-197205, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. [0015] Warming sensates may also be selected from the group consisting of capsaicin, gingerol, vanillyl ethyl ether, vanillyl propyl ether, vanillyl butyl ether, vanillyl pentyl ether, vanillyl hexyl ether, vanillyl butyl ether acetate, 4-(1-menthoxymethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan, 4-(1-menthoxymethyl)-2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolan, 4-(1-menthoxymethyl)-2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolan, 4-(1-menthoxymethyl)-2-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolan, 4-(1-menthoxymethyl)-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolan, 4-(1-menthoxymethyl)-2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolan, red pepper oil, red pepper oleoresin, ginger oleoresin, nonylic acid vanillyl amide, jambu oleoresin, Zanthoxylum piperitum extract, sanshool I, sanshool II, sanshoamide, black pepper extract, chavicine, piperine, spilanthol, or those warming sensates disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,780,443, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Cooling Sensates [0016] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a masking composition that includes a cooling sensate along with a carboxylic acid. In preferred embodiments, the masking composition further includes a warming sensate, such as the warming sensates described above. [0017] Examples of cooling sensates that may be included in compositions of the present invention include compounds represented by the formula: or salts thereof, wherein D is a straight chained or branched, unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or alkenyl group and E is a straight chained or branched, hydroxy-substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group. Continue reading about Sensation masking composition... 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