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  Selective resonance of chemical structuresUSPTO Application #: 20070021927Title: Selective resonance of chemical structures Abstract: Chemical compositions may be selectively or preferentially excited by the application of scores comprising a series of energy inputs. (end of abstract)
Agent: Searete LLC Clarence T. Tegreene - Bellevue, WA, US Inventors: Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K.Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Lowell L. Wood USPTO Applicaton #: 20070021927 - Class: 702020000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, Or Testing, Measurement System In A Specific Environment, Biological Or Biochemical, Gene Sequence Determination The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070021927. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application is related to, claims the earliest available effective filing date(s) from (i.e., claims earliest available priority dates for other than provisional patent applications; claims benefits under 35 USC .sctn. 119(e) for provisional patent applications), and incorporates by reference in its entirety all subject matter of the following listed application(s) (the "Related Applications") to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith; the present application also claims the earliest available effective filing date(s) from, and also incorporates by reference in its entirety all subject matter of any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Application(s) to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith. The United States Patent Office (USPTO) has published a notice to the effect that the USPTO's computer programs require that patent applicants reference both a serial number and indicate whether an application is a continuation or continuation-in-part. The present applicant entity has provided below a specific reference to the application(s)from which priority is being claimed as recited by statute. Applicant entity understands that the statute is unambiguous in its specific reference language and does not require either a serial number or any characterization such as "continuation" or "continuation-in-part." Notwithstanding the foregoing, applicant entity understands that the USPTO's computer programs have certain data entry requirements, and hence applicant entity is designating the present application as a continuation-in-part of its parent applications, but expressly points out that such designations are not to be construed in any way as any type of commentary and/or admission as to whether or not the present application contains any new matter in addition to the matter of its parent application(s). RELATED APPLICATIONS [0002] For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of currently co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______, entitled SELECTIVE RESONANCE OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES, attorney docket no. 0604-009-001A-000000, naming Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed contemporaneously herewith. [0003] For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of currently co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______, entitled SELECTIVE RESONANCE OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES, attorney docket no. 0604-009-001B-000000, naming Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed contemporaneously herewith. [0004] For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of currently co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______, entitled SELECTIVE RESONANCE OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES, attorney docket no. 0604-009-001C-000000, naming Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed contemporaneously herewith. [0005] For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of currently co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______, entitled SELECTIVE RESONANCE OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES, attorney docket no. 0604-009-001D-000000, naming Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed contemporaneously herewith. [0006] For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of currently co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______, entitled SELECTIVE RESONANCE OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES, attorney docket no. 0604-009-001E-000000, naming Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed contemporaneously herewith. [0007] For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of currently co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______, entitled SELECTIVE RESONANCE OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES, attorney docket no. 0604-009-001F-000000, naming Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed contemporaneously herewith. SUMMARY [0008] In one aspect, a method of applying energy to a selected group of proximate atoms within a medium comprises selecting a score specifying a series of differing energy inputs, and applying the series of differing energy inputs specified by the score to the medium. As will be described further herein, the term "differing" is not necessarily restricted to energy inputs from different source mechanisms, energy inputs at different frequencies, or temporally or spatially non-overlapping energy inputs. [0009] The differing energy inputs of the series are selected to resonate each resonant structure of a plurality of resonant structures among the group of proximate atoms. The score may be selected so that applying the series of differing energy inputs has a physical effect, such as transferring substantially more energy to at least a portion of the group of proximate atoms than to other atoms in the medium, breaking a predetermined bond between two members of the group of proximate atoms, or changing a kinetic parameter of a reaction involving a member of the group of proximate atoms. Energy transfer to the medium may be predominantly through resonant excitation of the plurality of resonant structures. The plurality of resonant structures may be resonated simultaneously, sequentially, and/or in a temporally overlapping fashion. The series of differing energy inputs may be applied simultaneously, sequentially, and/or in a temporally overlapping fashion. [0010] The group of proximate atoms may form at least a portion of a molecule (e.g., a biomolecule such as a protein or nucleotide), at least a portion of a crystal, or at least a portion of a complex of molecules. Members of the group of proximate atoms in some cases may be separated by a distance of no more than 300 .ANG., and/or may be connected directly or indirectly by bonds between the atoms (e.g., covalent, ionic, metallic, van der Waals, hydrogen, coulombic, and/or magnetic attractions). The score may comprise at least 4, at least 10, or at least 36 energy inputs. The plurality of resonant structures may comprise a longitudinal vibrational mode of a bond, a bending mode of two bonds, and/or a squashing mode of a plurality of bonds between members of the group of proximate atoms. [0011] The score may specify application of one or more electromagnetic beams as energy input(s), which may have a characteristic selected from the group consisting of a selected set of frequencies, a selected set of modulation frequencies, a selected set of phases, a selected set of amplitudes, a selected temporal profile, a selected set of polarizations, and a selected direction. The selected set of frequencies and/or the selected set of modulation frequencies may be approximately monochromatic, may comprise a plurality of local maxima, and/or may comprise two frequencies having differing amplitudes. The electromagnetic beam may be coherent or incoherent. The temporal profile may be characterized by a selected beam duration, and/or by a selected change in frequency, modulation frequency, phase, amplitude, polarization, or direction during a selected time interval. The electromagnetic beam may be polarized, amplitude modulated, or frequency modulated, and it may be, for example, an infrared beam. A plurality of electromagnetic beams may differ in frequency, modulation frequency, phase, amplitude, polarization, or direction, and/or may intersect at a target location. The method may include scanning the electromagnetic beam. [0012] The method may also include applying a field to the medium, the field preferentially orienting at least a portion of the group of proximate atoms. The field may be, for example, an electric field, a magnetic field, an electromagnetic field, a mechanical stress, a mechanical strain, a lowered or elevated temperature, a lowered or elevated pressure, a phase change, an adsorbing surface, a catalyst, an energy input, or a combination of any of these. [0013] The plurality of resonant structures may be in an arrangement having two end resonant structures and a center resonant structure, and may be resonated in a sequence beginning from the two end resonant structures and progressing towards the center resonant structure (which may be a temporally overlapping sequence). The group of proximate atoms may undergo a physical effect upon resonance of the center structure. The resonance of the center structure may break a predetermined bond between two members of the group of proximate atoms. [0014] In another aspect, a method of exciting a composition including a plurality of resonant structures, each having a resonant frequency, comprises selecting a set of excitation energies and applying the set of excitation energies to the composition. Each excitation energy has a frequency (e.g., a modulation frequency) matching the resonant frequency of at least one of the resonant structures. Together, the excitation energies cause a chemical change in the composition that would not be caused by the application of any one of the excitation energies applied alone. The excitation energies may be applied simultaneously, sequentially, or in a temporally overlapping fashion. The chemical change in the composition may include, for example, breaking a bond between two atoms of the composition and/or changing a kinetic parameter of a reaction involving the composition. The composition may be a biomolecule (e.g., a protein or nucleotide), a crystal, or a complex of molecules. The set of excitation energies may comprise at least 4, at least 10, or at least 36 excitation energies. The plurality of resonant structures may comprise a longitudinal vibrational mode of a bond, a bending mode of two bonds to an atom, and/or a squashing mode of a plurality of bonds. [0015] The excitation energies may be electromagnetic beams, each of which may have at least one characteristic selected from the group consisting of a selected set of frequencies, a selected set of phases, a selected set of amplitudes, a selected temporal profile, a selected set of polarizations, and a selected direction. The selected set of frequencies may be monochromatic, may comprise a plurality of local maxima, may be Gaussian, or may comprise at least two frequencies having differing amplitudes. At least one of the electromagnetic beams may be coherent or incoherent. The temporal profile may be characterized by a selected beam duration, and/or by a selected change in frequency, modulation frequency, phase, amplitude, polarization, or direction during a selected time interval. At least one electromagnetic beam may be polarized, amplitude modulated, or frequency modulated, and it may be, for example, an infrared beam. A plurality of electromagnetic beams may differ in frequency, modulation frequency, phase, amplitude, polarization, or direction, and/or may intersect at a target location. The method may include scanning at least one electromagnetic beam. [0016] The method may also include applying a field to the medium, the field preferentially orienting at least a portion of the group of proximate atoms. The field may be, for example, an electric field, a magnetic field, an electromagnetic field, a mechanical stress, a mechanical strain, a lowered or elevated temperature, a lowered or elevated pressure, a phase change, an adsorbing surface, a catalyst, an energy input, or a combination of any of these. [0017] The plurality of resonant structures may be in an arrangement having two end resonant structures and a center resonant structure, and may be resonated in a sequence beginning from the two end resonant structures and progressing towards the center resonant structure (which may be a temporally overlapping sequence). The composition may undergo a physical effect upon resonance of the center structure. The resonance of the center structure may break a predetermined bond between two atoms of the composition. [0018] In yet another aspect, a method of selectively exciting resonant structures in a material comprises applying a first excitation energy to the material to excite a first resonant structure, thereby shifting a resonant frequency of a second resonant structure, and applying a second excitation energy to the material to excite the second resonant structure at its shifted resonant frequency. In some cases, the excitation of the second resonant structure at its shifted resonant frequency may shift a resonant frequency of a third resonant structure, and the method may include applying a third excitation energy to the material to excite the third resonant structure at its shifted resonant frequency. The method may also include analogous shifting and exciting of at least 8 additional resonant structures, or of at least 34 additional resonant structures, at their respective shifted resonances. The first and second resonant structures may be at least portions of a molecule (e.g., a biomolecule such as a protein or a nucleotide), a crystal, or a complex of molecules. The first and second resonant structures may be longitudinal vibrational modes of two adjacent bonds, or of two nonadjacent bonds. At least one of the first and second resonant structures may comprise at least two bonds, and/or may be a bending mode or a squashing mode. [0019] At least one of the first and second excitation energies may be an electromagnetic beam (e.g., an infrared beam), which may be amplitude modulated or frequency modulated. The method may include scanning the beam. At least one of the first and second excitation energies may be a plurality of electromagnetic beams, which may differ in polarization or orientation, and which may intersect at a target location. [0020] In still another aspect, a method of characterizing a composition comprises determining a score specifying a series of differing energy inputs, and identifying the composition by the determined score. The differing energy inputs of the specified series are selected to resonate each resonant structure, and application of the differing energy inputs selectively affects the composition. The score may have a physical effect on the composition such as transferring substantially more energy to the composition than to other material to which the set of differing energy inputs is applied, breaking a predetermined bond between two atoms of the composition, and/or changing a kinetic parameter of a reaction involving the composition. The score may be determined, for example, by determining resonant frequencies by computational modeling or by spectroscopy, and/or by applying a plurality of sets of energy inputs to the composition and observing their effects. The method may further include applying the set of energy inputs to the composition. The composition may be a biomolecule, such as a nucleotide or a protein, and the score may specify as many as 4, 10, or 36 energy inputs. [0021] In a further aspect, a method of characterizing a target molecule or group of molecules in an environment comprises identifying a group of resonant structures within the target and determining a score specifying a set of applied frequencies. Each resonant structure in the group possesses at least one characteristic resonant frequency, the characteristic resonant frequency of a shiftable resonant structure in the group can be shifted by exciting a shifting resonant structure in the group, and the group of resonant structures is substantially absent from nontarget molecules in the environment. The applied frequencies of the score, when applied in sequence to the target, shift the characteristic resonant frequency of the shiftable resonant structure through excitation of the shifting resonant structure, excite the shiftable resonant structure at its shifted resonant frequency, and selectively change the energy or state of at least a portion of the target relative to its environment. The method may further comprise applying the set of applied frequencies to the environment of the target molecule. The set of applied frequencies, when applied in sequence to the target, shift the resonance of and excite a plurality of the resonant structures at their respective shifted resonances. Determining a set of applied frequencies may include computational modeling of the target, spectroscopically observing the target, and/or applying a plurality of sets of applied frequencies to the environment and observing their effects on the target. The target may comprise a biomolecule (e.g., a nucleotide or a protein). The identified group of resonant structures may include as many as 4, 10, or 36 resonant structures, and/or may be contiguous within a molecule. The shiftable resonant structure and the shifting resonant structure may or may not share an atom. Continue reading... Full patent description for Selective resonance of chemical structures Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Selective resonance of chemical structures patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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