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Rendezvousing resource requests with corresponding resourcesRelated Patent Categories: Electrical Computers And Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring, Computer-to-computer Data RoutingRendezvousing resource requests with corresponding resources description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060090003, Rendezvousing resource requests with corresponding resources. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0002] Not applicable. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] 1. The Field of the Invention [0004] The present invention relates to accessing resources and, more particularly, to rendezvousing resource requests with corresponding resources. [0005] 2. Background and Relevant Art [0006] Computer systems and related technology affect many aspects of society. Indeed, the computer system's ability to process information has transformed the way we live and work. Computer systems now commonly perform a host of tasks (e.g., word processing, scheduling, and database management) that prior to the advent of the computer system were performed manually. More recently, computer systems have been coupled to one another and to other electronic devices to form both wired and wireless computer networks over which the computer systems and other electronic devices can transfer electronic data. As a result, many tasks performed at a computer system (e.g., voice communication, accessing electronic mail, controlling home electronics, Web browsing, and printing documents) include electronic communication between a number of computer systems and/or other electronic devices via wired and/or wireless computer networks. [0007] However, to utilize a network resource to perform a computerized task, a computer system must have some way to identify and access the network resource. Accordingly, resources are typically assigned unique identifiers, for example, network addresses, that uniquely identify resources and can be used to distinguish one resource from other resources. Thus, a computer system that desires to utilize a resource can connect to the resource using the network address that corresponds to the resource. However, accessing a network resource can be difficult if a computer system has no prior knowledge of a network address for a network resource. For example, a computer system can not print a document at a network printer unless the computer system (or another networked computer system) knows the network address of the network printer. [0008] Accordingly, various mechanisms (e.g., Domain Name System ("DNS"), Active Directory ("AD"), Distributed File Systems ("DFS")) have been developed for computer systems to identify (and access) previous unknown resources. However, due to the quantity and diversity of resources (e.g., devices and services) that are accessible via different computer networks, developers are often required to develop applications that implement a variety of different resource identification and access mechanisms. Each different mechanism may have different coding requirements and may not provide a developer with all the functionality that is needed in an application. [0009] For example, although DNS has a distributed administration architecture (i.e., centralized management is not required), DNS is not sufficiently dynamic, not self-organizing, supports a weak data and query model, and has a fixed set of roots. On the other hand, AD is sufficiently dynamic but requires centralized administration. Further, aspects of different mechanisms may not be compatible with one another. For example, a resource identified using DNS may not be compatible with DFS routing protocols. Thus, a developer may be forced to choose the most suitable mechanism and forgo the advantages of other mechanisms. [0010] Mechanisms for identifying resources can be particularly problematic in peer-to-peer networks. DNS provides a lookup service, with host names as keys and IP addresses as values, that relies on a set of special root servers to implement lookup requests. Further, DNS requires management of information (NS records) for allowing clients to navigate the name server hierarchy. Thus, a resource must be entered into DNS before the resource can be identified on a network. On larger scale networks where nodes frequently connect and disconnect form the network relying on entry of information is not always practical. Additionally, DNS is specialized to the task of find hosts or services and is not generally applicable to other types of resources. [0011] Accordingly, other mechanisms for resource identification and access have been developed to attempt to address these shortcomings. A number of mechanisms include distributed lookup protocols that are more scalable than DNS. These mechanisms use various node arrangements and routing algorithms to route requests to corresponding resources and to store information for lookup. [0012] At least one of these mechanisms utilizes local multi-level neighbor maps at each node in a network to route messages to a destination node. This essentially results in an architecture where each node is a "root node" of a corresponding tree of nodes (the nodes in its neighbor map). Messages are incrementally routed to a destination ID digit by digit (e.g., ***6=>**46=>, *346=>2346, where *s represent wildcards). The routing efficiency of these types of mechanisms is O(log N) routing hops and require nodes to maintain a routing table of O(log N) size. [0013] At least one other of these mechanisms assigns nodes a unique ID that is taken from a linear ring of numbers. Nodes maintain routing tables that contain pointers to their immediate successor node (according to ID value) and to those nodes whose ID values are the closest successor of the value ID+2.sup.L. The routing efficiency of these types of mechanisms is also O(log N) routing hops and require nodes to maintain a routing table of O(log N) size. [0014] At least one further mechanisms requires O(log N.sup.1/d) routing hops and requires nodes to maintain a routing table of O(D) size. Thus, the routing efficiency of all of these mechanisms depends, at least in part, on the number of nodes in the system. [0015] Further, since IDs (for at least some of the mechanisms) can be uniformly distributed around a ring, there is always some possibility that routing between nodes on the ring will result in some inefficiency. For example, routing hops can cross vast geographic distances, cross more expensive links, or pass through insecure domains, etc. Additionally, when message routing involves multiple hops, there is some chance that such events will occur multiple times. Unfortunately, these mechanisms do not take into account the proximity of nodes (physical or otherwise) with respect one another. For example, depending on node distribution on a ring, routing a message from New York to Boston could involve routing the message from New York, to London, to Atlanta, to Tokyo, and then to Boston. [0016] Accordingly, at least one other more recent mechanism takes proximity into account by defining proximity as a single scalar proximity metric (e.g., IP routing hops or geographic distance). These mechanisms use the notion of proximity-based choice of routing table entries. Since there are many "correct" node candidates for each routing table entry, these mechanisms attempt to select a proximally close node from among the candidate nodes. For these mechanisms can provide a function that allows each node to determine the "distance" of a node with a given IP address to itself. Messages are routed between nodes in closer proximity to make progress towards a destination before routing to a node that is further away. Thus, some resources can be conserved and routing is more efficient. [0017] Unfortunately, these existing mechanisms typically do not provide for, among other things, symmetric relationships between nodes (i.e., if a first node considers a second node to be its partner, the second node considers the first node as a partner as well), routing messages in both directions (clockwise and counterclockwise) on a ring, partitioning linked lists of nodes based on a plurality of proximity metrics, and routing messages based on a plurality of proximity metrics proximity. Therefore systems, methods, computer program products that utilize these mechanisms to rendezvous resource requests with a corresponding resource would be advantageous. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0018] The foregoing problems with the prior state of the art are overcome by the principles of the present invention, which are directed towards methods, systems, and computer program products for rendezvousing resource requests with corresponding resources. In some embodiments, the nodes of a federation infrastructure are partitioned. A sorted linked list containing node IDs that have been assigned to nodes in the federation infrastructure is accessed. Proximity categories that represent a plurality of different proximity criterion for partitioning the sorted link list are accessed. The sorted linked list is partitioned into one or more first sub lists based on a first proximity criterion, each of the one or more first sub lists containing at least a subset of the node IDs from the sorted linked list. A first sub list, selected from among the one or more first sub lists, is partitioned in to one or more second sub lists based on a second proximity criterion, each of the one or more second sub lists containing at least a subset of node IDs contained in the first sub list. [0019] In other embodiments, for example as depicted in FIG. 3, a node routing table is populated. An immediate predecessor node is inserted into the routing table. An immediate successor node is inserted into the routing table. Appropriate neighborhood node identifiers are inserted into the routing table, the neighborhood nodes identified from the sorted linked list in both the first direction and in a second opposite direction based on a predetermined or estimated neighborhood range and neighborhood size. Appropriate routing nodes identifiers are inserted into the routing table, the routing nodes identified from the sorted linked list in both the first and second directions based on the number base and field size of the ID space for the federation infrastructure, the routing nodes representing a logarithmic index of the sorted link list in both the first and second directions. [0020] In yet other embodiments, a node routing table can be populated taking proximity criteria in to account. A predecessor node for each hierarchically partitioned routing ring the current node participates in is inserted into a routing table, each hierarchically partitioned routing ring being partitioned in accordance with corresponding proximity criteria and containing at least subsets of the bi-directional linked list of a parent ring. A successor node for each hierarchically partitioned routing ring the current node participates is inserted into the routing table. Appropriate neighborhood nodes for each hierarchically partitioned routing ring the current node participates in are inserted into the routing table. Appropriate routing nodes for each hierarchically partitioned routing ring the current node participates in are inserted into the routing table. [0021] In further other embodiments, a message is routed, potentially based on one or more proximity criteria defining a corresponding one or more classes of nodes, towards a destination node. A receiving node receives a message along with a destination number indicating a destination node and optionally one or more proximity criteria. The receiving node, potentially among nodes in a current class of nodes, determines it is at least one of numerically further from the destination number than a corresponding predecessor node and numerically further from the destination number than a corresponding successor node. It is determined that the destination is not in a neighborhood set of nodes, potentially among nodes in the current class of nodes, corresponding to the receiving node. [0022] An intermediate node from a routing table corresponding to the receiving node is identified, the intermediate node being numerically closer to the destination number than other routing nodes in the corresponding routing table. The message is sent to the intermediate node. The intermediate node can continue routing the message. The message eventually reaches the destination node when a node that receives the message is numerically closer to the destination number than either its successor or predecessor nodes. In embodiments that route based on one or more proximity criteria, this numerical closeness may be with respect to nodes in a selected class of nodes. Continue reading about Rendezvousing resource requests with corresponding resources... 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