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RemediesRelated Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Designated Organic Active Ingredient Containing (doai), O-glycoside, , Oxygen Of The Saccharide Radical Bonded Directly To A Nonsaccharide Hetero Ring Or A Polycyclo Ring System Which Contains A Nonsaccharide Hetero RingRemedies description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060199774, Remedies. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application is a 37 C.F.R. .sctn. 1.53(b) continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/474,708 filed Oct. 10, 2003, which is the national phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/JPO2/03037 filed Mar. 28, 2002, which claims priority on Japanese Application No. 2001-111932 filed Apr. 10, 2001. The entire contents of each of these applications is hereby incorporated by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] The present invention relates to a medicament, a food, a beverage or a feed, each utilizing an enhancing action for nerve growth factor of a compound having a coumarin and/or chroman backbone. BACKGROUND ART [0003] Nerve cells play a principal role for sustaining psychoactivities of human being such as intellectual functions, memory, emotions and behaviors. It has been thought that the differentiation, survival and exhibition of functions of the nerve cells which are the foundations of these psychoactivities need a neurotrophic factor specific for each nerve cell. Among the neurotrophic factors, one of which existence and function have been firstly elucidated is a nerve growth factor (hereinafter simply referred to as "NGF"), and currently, there have been found a brain-derived-neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4/5, and the like. [0004] NGF is a neurotrophic factor of a large cellular cholinergic nerve cell of basal portion of the forebrain, so that its association with Alzheimer's dementia has been remarked [Pharmacia, Vol. 22, No. 2, 147-151 (1986), Ronen Seishin Igaku (Senile Psychiatry), Vol. 3, No. 6, 751-758 (1986)]. [0005] Alzheimer's dementia refers to a disease that gives a pathological finding such as senile plaque or Alzheimer's fibrillar changes, which are accompanied by a clinical picture such as developmental disability, manic state, tonic seizures of lower limbs, or epileptic seizure, and is one disease of senile dementia. The Alzheimer's dementia tends to be increasing in recent aging society, so that a larger societal interest has been drawn thereto. However, there has not yet been found a method for ameliorating or treating such symptoms. Also, as to juvenile Alzheimer's dementia, there has not yet been found a method for ameliorating or treating such symptoms. [0006] In the brain of a patient with Alzheimer's dementia, there has been found a dramatic denaturation, a drastic lowering of the activity of choline acetyl transferase (CAT), in the basal portion of the forebrain centering about Meynert's basal nuclei [Annu. Rev. Neurosci., Vol. 3, 77 (1980)]. In the studies of a rat brain in 1985, there has been elucidated that NGF is a neurotrophic factor at this site of the brain [EMBO J, Vol. 4, 1389 (1985)], so that the association of NGF with this disease has been remarked. In addition, there have been elucidated that in the striate body of the brain of a patient with Huntington's chorea, there are remarkable detachment of GABAergic nerve cell as well as detachment of cholinergic nerve cell, so that NGF also acts on the endogenous cholinergic nerve cell of the striate body [Science, Vol. 232, 1341 (1986)], addressing a possibility that this disease is associated with NGF. The effects of NGF have been studied with an animal such as a rat which can serve as a model for various nerve diseases. There has been reported that the degeneration of the nerve cell can be stopped in a rat if NGF is intracerebrally administered before the degeneration becomes remarkable, and that if so, the lowering of CAT activity is also prevented [J. Neurosci., Vol. 6, 2155 (1986), Brain Res., Vol. 293, 305 (1985), Science, Vol. 235, 214 (1986), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 83, 9231 (1986)]. Also, it has been proven that NGF is biosynthesized in the peripheral sympathetic nerve-dominant tissues and in the brain, and that each of fibroblasts or astroglia which are interstitial cells for peripheral tissues or brain tissues plays an important role for the NGF biosynthesis [J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 259, 1259 (1984), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., Vol. 136, 57 (1986)]. In addition, it has been elucidated that antigenicity, molecular weight, isoelectric point and biological activity of the fibroblast-producing or astroglia- producing NGF are the same as NGF of conventionally well studied submandibular gland. At the same time, it has been found that a catecholamine such as norepinephrine, epinephrine or dopamine shows enhancing action for NGF production by a test of adding various neurotransmitters to a culture medium of fibroblasts (L-M cells) and astroglia [J. Biol. Chem., Vol.201, 6039 (1986)]. [0007] As described above, there has been expected that NGF can be used as a therapeutic agent for stopping degeneration in these nerve diseases in which a site at which NGF acts as a neurotrophic factor is degenerated. In addition, once the cranial nerve cells are degenerated by cebrovascular disorders, cerebral tumor, cerebral apicitus, head injury, nerve degenerative disease, intoxication with an anesthetic, or the like, the degenerated cranial nerve cells would never recover during the life time, whereby various disorders such as emotional disorders and behavioral abnormality are consequently caused in addition to lowering in the intellectual functions and memory disabilities. On the other hand, nerve fiber shows plasticity, that is, when the nerve fiber is damaged, budding takes place from its surrounding healthy fibers, so that a new synapsis is formed in place of the damaged synapsis. Therefore, it has been expected that NGF can be used as a therapeutic agent for promoting restoration and regeneration of nerve functions at this stage. [0008] However, when NGF is applied to a treatment of various nerve diseases, NGF must reach in very close vicinity of nerve cell that requires NGF, and NGF must be transmitted to lesion site of the cranial cell in a case of a disease in the central nervous system. However, NGF cannot be transmitted into the brain through the blood system. This is because the vascular endothelial cells in the brain are bound to each other by adhesion bonding (referred to as brain blood barrier), so that there is a limitation in the transport of a substance other than water, gas or an oil-soluble substance from blood to a brain tissue, whereby a protein (including NGF), which is polymeric substance, cannot pass through the brain blood barrier. There is a too large risk involved in the introduction of NGF directly into the brain by a surgical means, even if the introduction is conducted by the current techniques. [0009] On the other hand, there has been developed a substance for enhancing NGF production, not a direct administration of NGF. Most of the compounds, however, have various problems such that the compounds have strong toxicity, or the compounds have effective concentration very closely approximating concentration at which toxicity is shown, or the compounds have severe adverse actions against nervous system such as nerve excitation action. Therefore, these compounds have not yet been actually used. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION [0010] An object of the present invention is to provide a medicament, a food, a beverage or a feed, each comprising as an effective ingredient a compound having an enhancing action for NGF production, which is effective for a treatment, an amelioration of symptom, prevention or the like of a disease requiring enhancement of NGF production. [0011] As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors found that a compound having a coumarin and/or chroman backbone has an enhancing activity for NGF production, and completed the present invention. [0012] Concretely, summarizing the present invention, a first invention of the present invention relates to a therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent for a disease requiring enhancement of nerve growth factor production (in some cases referred to herein as a medicament), characterized in that the therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent comprises as an effective ingredient at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (A) a compound having a coumarin backbone, (B) a compound having a 2-dimethyl chroman backbone and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. [0013] In the first invention of the present invention, the compound having a coumarin backbone is exemplified by a compound represented by the general formula (I): wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an aromatic-aliphatic group or a saccharide residue, which may be identical or different, or [0014] a compound represented by the general formula (II): wherein each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an R.sub.iO group, an R.sub.iiCOO group, or a saccharide residue, which may be identical or different. [0015] In addition, the compound represented by the general formula (I) is especially preferably exemplified by [0016] 7-O-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyloxy-8-prenyl coumarin or [0017] 7-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyloxy-6-prenyl coumarin, and the compound represented by the general formula (II) is especially preferably exemplified by [0018] 3'-O-.beta.-D-glucopyranoyl khellactone or [0019] 4'-O-angeloyl-3'-O-[6-O-(.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl)-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl- ]-khellactone. [0020] In the first invention of the present invention, the compound having a 2-dimethyl chroman backbone is exemplified by a compound represented by the general formula (III): wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an aromatic-aliphatic group or a saccharide residue. [0021] In addition, the compound represented by the general formula (III) is especially preferably exemplified by [0022] 8-carboxyl-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-dimethyl chroman or [0023] 3-hydroxy-8-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acryloyl]-5-methoxy-2-dimethyl chroman. [0024] The second and third inventions of the present invention relate to an enhancing agent for NGF production, and a food, a beverage or feed for enhancing NGF production, characterized in that each comprises the same effective ingredient as that of the first invention of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0025] FIG. 1 is a chart showing FAB-MS spectrum of the fraction 1 0 from root portions of Angelica keiskei koidz. [0026] FIG. 2 is a chart showing .sup.1H-NMR spectrum of the fraction 10 from root portions of Angelica keiskei koidz. Continue reading about Remedies... 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