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Processing and/or operating machine comprising an ionic liquid as the operating liquidRelated Patent Categories: Pumps, Motor Driven, Including Means Utilizing Pump Fluid For Augmenting Cooling, Lubricating, Sealing, Or Cleaning Of MotorProcessing and/or operating machine comprising an ionic liquid as the operating liquid description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20080038123, Processing and/or operating machine comprising an ionic liquid as the operating liquid. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS REFERENCE TO EARLIER FILED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application is a CONTINUATION-IN-PART of PCT International Application Serial No. PCT/EP2006/050941 filed Feb. 15, 2006 and published as PCT International Publication No. WO 2006/087333 on Aug. 24, 2006, which claims the benefit of priority of German Patent Application Serial No. DE 10 2005 007100.7 filed Feb. 16, 2005, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The invention relates to a processing and/or operating machine comprising an ionic liquid as the operating liquid. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] In the case of many conveying, power and operating principles of processing and operating machines, operating liquids are employed to maintain functioning and/or safety. [0004] Thus, fluids, preferably oils are used as lubricating fluid, sealing fluid, barrier fluid, pressure transfer fluid, i.e. quite generally as operating liquid, in the field of processing machines such as pumps, in particular vacuum pumps, rotary vane pumps, vane-cell pumps, piston pumps, diaphragm pumps etc., in compressors such as screw compressors etc. and in piston machines. This makes it possible for the processing machines to be used at all since it permits a reduction of the wear and tear, friction and of the gap leakage current, for example. [0005] Typical examples of such applications are: [0006] a. hydraulic diaphragm pumps. In this case, oil or another fluid is used as hydraulic fluid for the diaphragm actuator and as coupling fluid between diaphragms; [0007] b. various types of vacuum pumps and compressors such as rotary vane pumps, roots pumps, rotary piston compressors, screw compressors, piston compressors, scroll compressors etc. In this case, lubricant fluids are used for lubrication but also for sealing the compressor systems and for cooling the compressor systems and the conveying fluids; [0008] c. liquid ring vacuum pumps. These use fluids as operating liquids to produce the conveying effect (fluid piston), for lubrication and for absorbing the heat of compression; [0009] d. operating machines and operating units such as engines, gears, hydraulic systems etc. In this case, fluids are used as lubricating fluids, i.e. for the lubrication of bearings, for the lubrication of teeth etc. and for power transmission, in particular in the case of a hydraulic units, hydraulic cylinders, lifting devices etc. [0010] As a result, certain advantages are obtained which consist of the following, among others: a) an increase in effectiveness; b) protection from wear and tear; and c) evaporation cooling, i.e. the fluid evaporates in the pump chambers if the evaporation temperature is exceeded, thus cooling the process gas since the fluid absorbs part of the heat of compression. [0011] However, there are serious disadvantages involved in such a use of the known fluid means of operation in processing and operating machines. Thus, the vapour pressure of such fluids determines the minimum pressure in a processing machine, with, in the case of an evaporation of the fluid, this having to be eliminated from the process gas in a complex manner. [0012] Hydraulic diaphragm pumps are a typical example of the disadvantages described. As a result of their hermetic properties with a simultaneously high compressive rigidity and conveying accuracy, such hydraulic diaphragm pumps are preferably employed for critical conveying tasks such as conveying of toxic, environmentally relevant or hygiene fluids, for conveying at high pressures and for the precise dosage of any desired fluids. [0013] However, in this case, the hydraulic fluid, which is used as a pressure transfer fluid from the piston to the diaphragm, represents a frequently limiting factor. Conventionally, mineral oil or synthetic oil, e.g. polyglycol with a multiplicity of additives or special oil is used for this purpose. As a result of the physiological concerns which this lubricant presents, glycerine is also used in food technology or biotechnology. [0014] However, all these fluids have disadvantages. Thus, it is found in the case of the use of mineral oil, for example, that dissolved gas restricts the minimum intake pressure of the diaphragm pump to 0.4 bar absolute. The thermal limit is reached at approximately 150.degree. C. Moreover, a strong modification of the viscosity is obtained as a result of a temperature change. The use of synthetic oil has the same disadvantages as mineral oil, with the thermal limit being slightly higher. [0015] Finally, the use of glycerine requires the application of inhibitors of biological decomposition. Nevertheless, decomposition cannot be prevented. The thermal limit in this case is merely 95.degree. C. The viscosity is adjusted by mixing with water in a complex manner. [0016] A further typical example of the disadvantages described is presented by liquid ring vacuum pumps. In this case, the rotating fluid ring is required to seal the impeller chambers vis-a-vis each other and for transferring the necessary compression energy onto the gas. The vapour pressure of the ring liquid limits the minimum achievable intake pressure level. At this intake pressure, the impeller chambers fill completely with the evaporating operating liquid and the suction capacity of the liquid ring vacuum pump drops to zero. [0017] In most cases of application, water is used as the ring liquid. An advantage in this respect is the high specific heat capacity, the continual availability, the environmental compatibility and finally the price. However, the risk of corrosion in the case ferritic materials and the restriction of the area of use to the coarse vacuum of up to approximately 50 mbar have a disadvantageous effect. [0018] Operating liquids used in practice are preferably water with a vapour pressure at ambient temperature of approximately 23 mbar and oils with a vapour pressure of approximately 1 mbar thus permitting merely operation in the so-called coarse vacuum range. For processes which, in comparison, require these so-called fine vacuum range, other compressors need to be consequently necessarily used for this purpose. However, as a result of their operating principles, these have disadvantages compared with the use of a liquid ring vacuum pump. Particularly in the field of the chemical industry, their use for compressing hydrocarbons is possible only by taking great safety precautions since the compressors that can be used require an explosion-protected design. [0019] In order to reduce the vacuum range, investigations have therefore already been carried out with oil and different water-based fluids. Reducing the intake pressure level has so far been possible only to a limit of 1 mbar. This slight extension of the field of application, however, is simultaneously accompanied by difficulties in handling the usually toxic or environmentally hazardous operating liquids. At the same time, it had to be ensured that the ring liquid does not react with the usually aggressive and/or corrosive gas to be sucked off. In the case of special applications, oils are also used which have a lower vapour pressure. Such oils, however, lead to contamination of the medium conveyed and present an environmentally risk. The use of chemicals as operating liquids, concentrated sulphuric acid for chlorine gas compression, for example, is also known. However, these applications require increased safety measures as well as additional equipment such as oil separators etc. In all the cases known so far, however, the field of application of liquid ring vacuum pumps remains restricted to the coarse vacuum. [0020] Finally, piston machines are a further typical example of the occurrence of the disadvantages described. In the case of such piston machines, a possible technical solution for specific applications would be to operate them for the purpose of gas or fluid conveying, with a fluid piston or a fluid master piston, namely with a given satisfactory density difference and non-miscibility. However, this has so far failed as a result of the limits of the known operating liquids, and in particular because the known disadvantages such as evaporation, corrosion, toxicity, gas solubility etc arise in the case of the application of aqueous fluids. The same applies to the use of organic fluids since, in this case, the disadvantages of evaporation, toxicity, volatility etc. arise. Finally, the disadvantages of toxicity, high costs, high density, difficult sealing etc. arise in the case of the use of fluid metals. [0021] The subsequently published DE 10 2204 024 967 A1 discloses the use of ionic liquids as operating liquid (i.e. the fluid to be conveyed) for thermal absorption pumps, absorption refrigerating machines and thermal transformers. Gas conveying machines, hydraulic diaphragm pumps, liquid ring vacuum pumps and piston machines using ionic liquids as operating liquids are not disclosed in DE 10 2004 024 967 A1. [0022] DE 103 16 418 A1 discloses the use of ionic liquids as heat carriers for the indirect supply or discharge of heat from a reactor. The document teaches that, as a result of the higher heat absorption of the cooling media, savings in the propulsion power of the pumps are possible and that no specific pump arrangements for conveying the ionic liquids are necessary. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0023] The present invention is therefore based on the object of designing a processing and/or operating machine of the type appropriate for its kind which exhibits a fluid as operating liquid such that the disadvantages illustrated are avoided without loosing the advantages of the operating liquids previously employed. [0024] In its most general embodiment, this invention relates to a device, in particular a pump, comprising an ionic liquid as operating liquid medium, in particular as separating fluid and/or hydraulic fluid. Continue reading about Processing and/or operating machine comprising an ionic liquid as the operating liquid... 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