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Pressure regulated method for preventing cavitations in a technical systemRelated Patent Categories: Pumps, Condition Responsive Control Of Pump Drive Motor, With Condition Responsive Control Of Pump Fluid Valve, Fluid And Motor Controls Have Common Sensing ElementPressure regulated method for preventing cavitations in a technical system description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060133941, Pressure regulated method for preventing cavitations in a technical system. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] So-called buffer tanks, or pressure equalizing containers, are often used in technical systems to aid in the transfer of liquid products between individual system components. The liquid products can be foodstuffs, creams, oils, etc. Especially in the area of foodstuffs, gases are frequently dissolved in the products (champagne, beer, etc.). This dissolved gas can lead to foaming. In the case of beer, the foaming is desired at the bar; however, in the brewery, foaming is disruptive to the bottling process. [0002] Closely associated with foaming is cavitation. "Cavitation", as used herein, refers to a phenomenon in which gas bubbles are produced in a liquid, and implode under pressure. In such case, pressure spikes arise, which can lead to severe material damage of the system components. This can bring an entire bottling plant to a halt, and incur substantial costs. The availability of the plant is thereby significantly compromised. [0003] Cavitation is also disruptive in the case of sensitive products. [0004] Cavitation appears mainly in cases of large pressure differences in pipelines, when the static pressure of the liquid falls below the vapor pressure. These sudden pressure increases or decreases can occur especially in the opening and closing of valves. [0005] In order to effect cavitation-free transfer of liquid products in the case of a technical system, such as a processing plant, buffer tanks are provided. These buffer tanks are charged with the pressure of air or some other gas in their headspace. Large pressure differences between system components are thereby canceled, and the formation of gas bubbles in the liquid products can be prevented. [0006] The pressure control of the air or other gas in the buffer tank is accomplished using a pressure sensor and a proportional valve. Such buffer tanks are also used in bottling plants. Buffer tanks are generally complex and expensive. They require a significant amount of space, which is not always adequately available. Furthermore, the pressure control for the buffer tank is complex. [0007] In addition, the use of air or some other gas for pressurizing the headspace is not always desired in the case of certain products. [0008] An object of the invention is to provide a pressure control method for preventing cavitation in a technical system, which method does not have the above-listed disadvantages, and which is simple as well as cost-efficient. [0009] This object is achieved through the features given in claim 1. [0010] Advantageous further developments of the invention are given in the dependent claims. [0011] An essential idea of the invention is, with the help of a pressure sensor and a flow rate meter in a section of piping of a technical system, to control the pump pressure of the supply pump such that cavitation is prevented. [0012] The invention will now be described in greater detail on the basis of several examples of embodiments illustrated in the drawings, the figures of which show as follows: [0013] FIG. 1 schematic illustration of a technical system; [0014] FIG. 2 schematic illustration of a section of piping of a technical system, according to a first variant of the invention; [0015] FIG. 3 a section of piping of a technical system, according to a second variant of the invention; [0016] FIG. 4 a section of piping of a technical system with a buffer container, according to a third variant of the invention; [0017] FIG. 5 a section of piping of a technical system according to a fourth variant of the invention; and [0018] FIG. 6 plots of pressure and associated flow rate, both as a function of time t. [0019] FIG. 1 shows a technical system for transferring liquid media (e.g. beer, champagne, creams, oils, etc.) from a tank B1 into a containment B2, which, in turn, can be a tank, or also a bottle, or the like. The medium is transported in a pipeline 10. Arranged in the pipeline 10 are, in addition to a supply pump 1 and a valve 4, various measuring devices, e.g. a pressure sensor 2, and a flow rate meter 3. [0020] FIG. 2 shows a section of the pipeline 10 in greater detail. This section has a pump 1, a pressure sensor 2, and a flow rate meter 3, as well as a valve 4, which are arranged in series. The quantity of medium flowing through the pipeline 10 toward the valve 4 is controlled with the help of the flow rate meter 3 and the valve 4. In the case of bottling plants, the valve 4 opens and closes such that the desired fill quantity of medium M is available on the downstream side of the valve 4. Pressure sensor 2 and flow rate meter 3 are so-called intelligent field devices, with appropriate microprocessors. [0021] A control line L1 leads from the flow rate meter 3 to the valve 4. Furthermore, a control line L3 leads from the flow rate meter 3 to the pressure sensor 2. From the pressure sensor 2, a control line L2 leads to the pump 1. [0022] The control lines L1, L2, L3 transfer digital signals (e.g. 8-bit signals). It is important that the signal transfer occur relatively quickly (<10 msec) in order to enable a meaningful control. With limitations, this is also possible using the 4-20 mA signals generally known in the field of automation technology. [0023] The flow rate of the medium M through the pipeline 10 is registered with the help of flow rate meter 3. The current, measured value of flow rate is forwarded to the pressure sensor 2 via control line L3. Pressure sensor 2 determines the current pressure in the liquid. In pressure sensor 2, the two measured values, pressure and flow rate, are evaluated, and the pump 1 is so controlled via the control line L2, that the fluid pressure does not sink below the vapor pressure of the medium M. Through the pressure sensor 2 and the flow rate meter 3, the danger of cavitation formation is thus accounted for, and prevented, by controlling the pump 1. The resolution of pressure sensor 1 alone is not enough to effectively prevent cavitation formation. For this, a quick controlling of the pump output, especially in the low pressure region, is necessary. This pressure region is reached when the flow rate is relatively low, that is, at the end of the closing process, and at the beginning of opening process, of the valve. Per the invention, this information is supplied by the flow rate meter 3. [0024] Plots of pressure and flow rate versus time in pipeline 10 at the pressure sensor 2 are illustrated in FIG. 6. 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