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  Preparation for preventing contact of pathogenic matter with living organismUSPTO Application #: 20060293263Title: Preparation for preventing contact of pathogenic matter with living organism Abstract: Intermolecular mutual recognition between pathogenic matter, such as allergen group or disease-causing microbe, capable of functioning at the attachment thereof to living organism and a living organism is inhibited by the use of pectins or nucleic acids. (end of abstract) Agent: Young & Thompson - Arlington, VA, US Inventors: Masafumi Koide, Ryutaro Tsuda, Kenji Fujisawa USPTO Applicaton #: 20060293263 - Class: 514044000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Designated Organic Active Ingredient Containing (doai), O-glycoside, , Nitrogen Containing Hetero Ring, Polynucleotide (e.g., Rna, Dna, Etc.) The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060293263. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates mainly to the reducing and mildening of exposure of the living body to exogenous disturbing factors in everyday life, to the provision of guarding means against infectious pathogens, and to preventing the progression of disease states. In particular, the basic technique of the present invention is to reduce the chance of establishment of bonding between a foreign substance and a living cell by the use of a third-party substance, thereby preventing a foreign disease-state inducing substance from making contact with a living-body surface area. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique capable of inhibiting various allergens (which are substances triggering allergic reactions such as asthma, rhinitis, hives, food/pollen allergy, atopic dermatitis et cetera) and various pathogenic microbes (such as viruses and bacteria) from recognizing acceptors on the living-body side, thereby preventing or reducing the contact of the living body with such allergens and the invasion of the living body by such allergens. The present invention further relates to a curative biological preparation at the topical mucous or skin region fro mucous or skin inflammatory diseases. BACKGROUND ART [0002] Allergic reactions and inflammation caused by infectious diseases are examples of vital-function disorders caused by foreign disease-state inducing substances. Although these allergic reactions and inflammation are short-term symptoms in some cases, they may give rise to mid- and long-term unwelcome vital reactions. Especially, if such a symptom unfortunately continues over a long period of time, the inflammatory reaction will not come to an end but become prolonged, even after the disappearance of a disease-state inducing substance itself. This often produces troubles in the sufferer's daily life. [0003] Especially, for the case of epidemic disease-states occurring seasonally explosively such as cedar pollen allergy and influenza, in order to avoid affection and sideration it is required not to be outdoors as far as possible. In addition, it is required to reduce the chance of being contact with disease-state inducing substances or with pathogens by providing a covering over part of the living body. However, it is inevitable that disease-state inducing substances which are invisible to the naked eye accidentally contact with a body surface or enter the living body. Therefore, the life of a person compromised to infection or vulnerable to allergens is seriously constrained. [0004] In the past, such disease-state inducing substances have been dealt with by precautions (mask, gargling et cetera), by various symptomatic therapies, and by anti-inflammatory treatments, including various various antibiotic substances, antiviral drugs, vaccines et cetera. [0005] For example, as a way of coping with the cedar pollen allergy, medical treatments by desensitization using an antihistamic agent, steroid, or vaccine have been carried out commonly. However, it is difficult for these treatments to work wonders. Besides, this kind of treatment may involve unignorable serious side effects in some cases. Consequently, in recent years natural substances have drawn attention as substances having few side effects and providing advantageous effects of suppressing allergic reactions. [0006] More specifically, with respect to allergic reactions, human intervention research work on the allergy prevention effects by making use of apple pectin has been carried out by National Institute of Fruit Tree Science. The results have been reported, which show that the concentration of histamine in the blood after the ingestion of apple pectin drops by 24% in comparison with the concentration of histamine in the blood before ingestion. [0007] Likewise, as a measure to deal with allergic diseases, there have been disclosed inhibition effects for the emission of cytokines by administration of pectin (see for example Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. 2001-233777 which is hereinafter referred to as "Patent Document I"). With respect to the allergic reaction inhibition effect as set forth in the Patent Document I, the point of effect is a drop in the monocyto/macrophage reactivity owing to the administration of pectin. Stated another way, the pectin administration of the Patent Document I has a certain effect on the production inhibition of IL-5 (interleukin-5), on the production inhibition of IL-4 (interleukin-4), and on the production enhancement of IFN-gamma by altering cellular reactivity. [0008] In addition, pectins have been used for the purpose of achieving stable dispersion/distribution and of the wetting of substances present in a solution. More specifically, pectins are added to various types of beverages and biological preparations as a stabilization agent (see for example Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. 2001-64895 which is hereinafter referred to as "Patent Document II"). In the Patent Document II, a pectin is added to an eyedrop biological preparation and actions on the durability of beneficial effects of the eyedrop biological preparation are discussed. This method is one that also extends the residence time of a biological preparation in a local part through wetting distribution. [0009] In addition, with respect to infectious diseases such as influenza, precautions by vaccines and the like, drug treatments as typified by amantadine, gargling, and avoidance of contact with viruses by wearing a mask are coping ways. As a curative medicine for influenza, a neuraminidase inhibitor has been disclosed (see for example JP 2000-505088 A (Japanese Translation of PCT International Application) which is hereinafter referred to as "Patent Document III). A biological preparation disclosed in the Patent Document III blocks an enzyme which takes partial charge of the function of cleaving a sialic acid present on the surface of a virus, thereby preventing the emitting of virus particles from a living cell surface. [0010] Finally, it is reported that a sialyllactose-containing macromolecule exhibits a strong inhibition activity against type H1 influenza virus HA. Furthermore, it is reported that a macromolecule, combined with sialic acid monosaccharide as C- or S-glycoside, exhibits a strong inhibition activity against type H3 influenza virus HA. In addition, a medicine has been disclosed which contains as an active ingredient a chemical compound which is a low molecular weight sialic acid derivative and which exhibits an inhibition effect on two kinds of membrane proteins, i.e., sialidase and hemagglutinin (see for example Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. 2001-131074 which is hereinafter referred to as "Patent Document IV). Problems To Be Solved [0011] However, there are the following problems with the above-described conventional methods. [0012] More specifically, the aforesaid conventional allergic-reaction improvements with the aid of pectin is unable to inhibit the manifestation of allergic reactions of the immediate type, because supportive effects are obtainable only by regular ingestion of pectin and an action mechanism is also through the reduction in cytophysiological response to allergen irritation. [0013] Furthermore, the prevention method by inoculation with vaccine requires a certain period of time (from the time of vaccination to the time that a defense mechanism is built). In addition, depending upon the type of disease-state inducing substance, vaccination should be inoculated more than once. Consequently, in some cases, allergic reactions or inflammation will have developed before the manifestation of effects by vaccination, and it has been reported that there are cases where the vaccination fails to provide curative effects. [0014] Additionally, the effects of dealing with disease states by administration of the foregoing medical agents are limited, and in most cases it takes considerable periods of time to recover from inflammation and other disease. [0015] In view of the drawbacks described above, complete blocking of the entrance of disease-state inducing substances into the living body or deactivation of the pathological activity of disease-state inducing substances at the time of entrance into the living body can be regarded as preferable protective methods against allergen, virus and so on. [0016] Consequently, the inventors of the present invention aimed at establishing, against allergen groups or pathogenic organisms (viruses), a new intermolecular mutual action between such a disease-state inducing substance and a living body, with a view to preventing or reducing contact therebetween. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION [0017] The inventors of the present invention, focusing their attention on the physical property, stereo structure, physiochemical function of disease-state inducing substances including allergen groups such as Cry j1 and Cry j2 which are cedar pollen allergens and pathogens such as influenza pathogens, proposed a scheme to prevent establishment of contact between such a disease-state inducing substance and a living body. [0018] For example, polysaccharide present on the surface of a cell functions as a point of contact and is connected to the cell as a glycoprotein's sugar chain component on the cell surface. In these glycoproteins connected to the cell, mucopolysaccharide present in mucin and uronic acid are component substances. Here, structural resemblances are stored in the polysaccharide connected to the cell surface and the freely-distributed uronic acid-containing polysaccharide or mucopolysaccharide. In other words, by making utilization of the existence of physical-property resembling regions in the uronic acid-containing polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide, and mucin-containing glycoprotein which are all giant molecules, it is possible to completely separate a disease-state inducing substance from a living body by intercalation of a freely-distributed uronic acid-containing polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide, or glycoprotein such as mucin between the disease-state inducing substance and the living body. Especially, it is expected that sufficient proximity of part of a region defined between polysaccharides which are giant molecules or between glycoproteins results in the enclosing of a disease-state inducing substance by most of the region. [0019] Of the disease-state inducing substances, an influenza virus is comprised of a membrane envelop made up of two types of surface spike proteins having an interaction with sialyloligosaccharide present on a host cell (red blood cell). These surface spike proteins are called hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (sialidase), respectively. It is known that hemagglutinin bonds to a host-cell structure containing sialic acid, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine. In the present invention, focusing attention on the bonding manner of enzyme to substrate, contact between a pathogen such as influenza virus and a living body is inhibited by making utilization of the specific or nonspecific competitive bonding relationship of the substrate and its analogous molecule with respect to the saccharide and protease. [0020] In addition, generally most of the disease-state inducing substances such as various allergens and viruses are charged positive at their surface, therefore having such a property that they are liable to adhere to a negatively-charged cell surface. Focusing attention also on the physical properties of disease-state inducing substances described above, the present invention was made. More specifically, the disease-state inducing substance is drawn in by making use of a negatively-charged substance and the surface of the disease-state inducing substance is blocked, thereby preventing the disease-state inducing substance from adhering to the cell. Continue reading... Full patent description for Preparation for preventing contact of pathogenic matter with living organism Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Preparation for preventing contact of pathogenic matter with living organism patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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