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Polymer network compositions and associated methodsRelated Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Preparations Characterized By Special Physical FormPolymer network compositions and associated methods description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070190084, Polymer network compositions and associated methods. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application is a continuation in part of PCT/US2006/016425 filed Apr. 28, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/675,811 filed on Apr. 28, 2005. BACKGROUND [0003] The present disclosure generally relates to polymer compositions, methods of forming such polymer compositions, and methods of using such compositions. These compositions have improved properties that make them useful for a variety of applications; in particular, the loading, transport, and delivery of therapeutic agents. [0004] Recognition in nature is a complex orchestration of numerous interactions between individual atoms and cumulative interactions between secondary structures. For example, the active sites of enzymes are composed of several amino acid residues, which noncovalently bind ligand molecules in a very specific manner. However, the activity of these sites is dependent on the stabilization of the three-dimensional structure by the interactions of hundreds of other residues within the structure of secondary and tertiary domains. [0005] The term configurational biomimesis refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of chemical groups that can specifically bind a biomolecule via noncovalent forces. This designed recognition involves analyzing the molecular basis of recognition in biological systems and attempts to mimic similar interactions on a molecular level. For example, analysis of biological systems such as enzyme-substrate, receptor-ligand, antibody-antigen, complementary DNA or RNA strands and protein-protein complexes, nucleic acid-protein recognition, aptamers, and RNA aptamers, can yield much information on the type, number, and arrangement of noncovalent chemical forces needed for aqueous recognition. [0006] Configurational biomimesis is, therefore, a subset of molecular imprinting, which produces precise polymer architectures that can selectively recognize molecules and at times, depending on the matrix structure, differentiate with isomeric specificity. [0007] The concept of molecular imprinting manifests itself from two major synergistic effects, (i) shape-specific cavities or microvacuoles or mesovacuoles or nanovacuoles that match the template molecule and (ii) chemical groups orientated to form multiple complexation points with the template molecule. In terms of selectivity, the resulting polymer networks are selective due to the particular chemistry of the binding site, the orientation of the chemistry, as well as by the size and shape of the site for the template molecule. [0008] The quality of the receptor mechanism of imprinted polymers can be assessed via a number of parameters. The significant parameters in determining how well a polymeric network can recognize a given molecule are binding affinity (i.e., the equilibrium association or dissociation constant between the ligand molecule and the network), selectivity (i.e., the ability to differentiate between the ligand and other molecules), and the binding capacity (i.e., the maximum ligand bound per mass or volume of polymer). To a lesser extent, binding or imprinting ratios (i.e., the ratio of recognitive network template bound compared to control network) highlights the recognition properties at a specific concentration. [0009] Binding affinity is a measure of how well the template molecule is attracted to the binding site or how well a ligand binds or is held to the receptor macromolecule. Considering equilibrium theory of receptor-ligand interactions, the dissociation constant, K.sub.d, provides a quantitative measure of this level of attraction. SUMMARY [0010] According to one embodiment, the present disclosure provides biomimetic polymer networks comprising a heteropolymer network having a cavity, the cavity having a selective affinity for a moiety. [0011] According to another embodiment, the present disclosure provides biomimetic polymer networks formed by a process comprising polymerizing a mixture comprising monomers and crosslinkers in the presence of a moiety or a target molecule or both for which a molecular imprint is to be produced, thereby forming a matrix comprising an imprint of the moiety or target molecule or both, and separating the moiety from the matrix. [0012] According to another embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods for forming biomimetic polymer networks comprising a polymerizing mixture comprising monomers and crosslinkers in the presence of a moiety for which a molecular imprint is to be produced, thereby forming a matrix comprising an imprint of the molecule; and separating the moiety from the matrix. [0013] According to another embodiment, the present disclosure provides biomimetic polymer networks formed by a process of reaction injection molding or casting or extruding a polymerizing mixture comprising monomers, crosslinkers, and one or more moieties, the crosslinkers added at times such that the solidification and crosslinking will occur during the molding or casting or extruding; allowing a matrix to form which has a plurality of molecular imprints; and separating the moiety from the matrix. [0014] According to another embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods for forming biomimetic polymer networks comprising a heteropolymer network having a cavity, the cavity having a selective affinity for a moiety; loading the biomimetic polymer network with a molecule by allowing a moiety present on the molecule to interact with the cavity; delivering the biomimetic polymer network to a desired location; and providing conditions that reduce the affinity of the cavity for the moiety a sufficient amount to release the molecule. [0015] The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the description of the embodiments that follows. FIGURES [0016] Some specific example embodiments of this disclosure may be understood by referring, in part, to the following description and the accompanying drawings. [0017] FIG. 1 is a drawing depicting the steps for conformational biomimetic imprinting. [0018] FIG. 2 is a drawing of amino acid residues. [0019] FIG. 3 is a drawing of D-Glucose and its Fluorescent Analogue. [0020] FIG. 4 is a graph of an equilibrium binding isotherm for imprinted (diamonds) and control (squares) networks based on poly(Aam-co-PEG200DMA) networks with a 67% crosslinking percentage. [0021] FIG. 5 is a graph showing: (A), the fluorescent intensity, due to uptake of 2-NBDG, of polymer network systems with varying crosslinking percentage and crosslinker length shown, with the values for 67-1, 67-1c, and 80-1 extrapolated from shorter exposure times; and (B), the same data plotted on a smaller scale. Continue reading about Polymer network compositions and associated methods... 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