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Polarizing film, laminated film, and liquid crystal displayRelated Patent Categories: Stock Material Or Miscellaneous Articles, Composite (nonstructural Laminate)Polarizing film, laminated film, and liquid crystal display description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060210803, Polarizing film, laminated film, and liquid crystal display. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a polarizing film suitable for the increase in screen size of a liquid crystal display, a laminated film suitable for optically compensating a retardation due to a liquid crystal cell, and a liquid crystal display having these films arranged. BACKGROUND ART [0002] In IPS mode or VA mode liquid crystal display, polarizers are arranged on front and rear surfaces of a liquid crystal cell so that absorption axes (vibrating directions of light to cause absorption) become perpendicular to each other. A long polarizing film prepared by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol film or the like with a dichroic substance has been heretofore formed in such a manner that the long film is uniaxially stretched in the lengthwise direction of the long film. In this case, the absorption axis of the polarizing film appears in the lengthwise direction. [0003] In use of the conventional long polarizing film, the long film is cut into film pieces by a predetermined size. The film pieces are used in combination so that the lengthwise direction based on the long film, which is the direction of flow of the film at the time of production of the film (MD direction: Machine Direction), corresponds to a direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction (TD direction: Transverse Direction). Thus, the orthogonal relation between the absorption axes thereof on the front and rear surfaces of the liquid crystal cell can be achieved. Incidentally, hereinafter, the MD direction is referred to as "lengthwise direction" and the TD direction is referred to as "widthwise direction", simply. [0004] Accordingly, in the aforementioned method, the polarizing film pieces are used to have the relation in which the polarizing film pieces are rotated by 90 degrees on the basis of the absorption axes. Therefore, when polarizing film pieces of the same size are prepared to be applied to the front and rear surfaces of the liquid crystal cell, the width (widthwise length) of the long film is a limit size thereof. In this case, a sufficient widthwise length could not be obtained in the conventional polarizing film since shrinkage occurred in the widthwise direction in a uniaxial stretching step or the like. Then, there was a problem that it was difficult to increase the screen size of liquid crystal display and particularly to obtain a sufficient transverse length. There is a limitation in enlarging of the conventional long film in the widthwise direction because of accuracy in processing into the polarizing film such as the accuracy of orientation, the degree of polarization, etc. [0005] On the other hand, for optical compensation of the retardation due to the liquid crystal cell, particularly for compensation of the viewing angle, the polarizing film and the retardation film are needed so that the slow axis of the retardation film (the direction of the maximum in-plane refractive index) becomes perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizing film. In this case, it is advantageous that the polarizing film and the retardation film each provided in the form of rolls can be laminated each other as long films from the point of view of efficiency in production of a laminated film comprising the laminate thereof. [0006] The above can be achieved by stretching a long film in the widthwise direction to form a retardation film having a slow axis in the widthwise direction. In this case, there was a drawback that the direction of the slow axis was apt to vary because of a boing phenomenon that the center portion of the film progressed compared with the case where the long film is stretched in the lengthwise direction to provide a retardation film having a slow axis in the lengthwise direction. [0007] [Reference 1] JP 3-24502 [0008] [Reference 2] JP 3-33719 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION [0009] An object of the invention is to provide a polarizing film in which: the transverse size thereof can be arbitrarily set to form the orthogonal relation between absorption axes thereof in front and rear surfaces of a liquid crystal cell; increase in screen size of liquid crystal display, especially a screen having an arbitrary transverse size can be achieved; the polarizing film and a retardation film can be laminated each other as long films, and a laminated film comprising the laminate can be produced efficiently, and to develop a laminated film in which the retardation due to the liquid crystal cell can be highly optically compensated to attain widening of the viewing angle or the like. [0010] That is, the object of the invention can be achieved by the provision of a polarizing film, a retardation film, a laminated film as a laminate of the polarizing film and the retardation film, a liquid crystal display, and a process for producing the polarizing film as follows. [0011] 1. A polarizing film comprising: a long polymer film; and a dichroic substance, wherein the polarizing film has an absorption axis in the TD direction of the polarizing film. [0012] 2. The polarizing film according to item 1, wherein the length in the MD direction of the polarizing film is not smaller than five times as long as the length in the TD direction of the polarizing film. [0013] 3. The polarizing film according to item 1, wherein the polarizing film is produced by stretching the long polymer film in the TD direction. [0014] 4. The polarizing film according to item 1, wherein the polarizing film is produced by: stretching the long polymer film in the TD direction; and shrinking the long polymer film in the MD direction. [0015] 5. The polarizing film according to item 1, wherein the polarizing film is produced by dyeing the long polymer, which is stretched in the TD direction, with a iodine by using an aqueous solution containing the iodine. [0016] 6. The polarizing film according to item 1, wherein the polarizing film is produced by dyeing the long polymer, which is stretched in the TD direction and shrunk in the MD direction, with a iodine by using an aqueous solution containing the iodine. [0017] 7. The polarizing film according to item 5, wherein the polarizing film is produced by dyeing the long polymer film with the iodine by applying the aqueous solution containing the iodine onto the long polymer film. [0018] 8. A laminated film comprising: a polarizing film according to item 1; and a retardation film having a slow axis in the MD direction, which comprises a long polymer film, wherein the MD direction of the polarizing film corresponds to the MD direction of the retardation film. [0019] 9. The laminated film according to item 8, wherein the retardation film comprises a uniaxially stretched film. [0020] 10. The laminated film according to item 8, wherein the retardation film comprises an optically uniaxial layer comprising a liquid crystal material. [0021] 11. The laminated film according to item 8, wherein the retardation film comprises a birefringent layer comprising a non-liquid crystal material having a birefringence of not lower than 0.005. Continue reading about Polarizing film, laminated film, and liquid crystal display... 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