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  Novel glp-1 compoundsUSPTO Application #: 20070042956Title: Novel glp-1 compounds Abstract: Novel GLP-1 compounds and their therapeutic use. (end of abstract) Agent: Novo Nordisk, Inc. Patent Department - Princeton, NJ, US Inventors: Nils Langeland Johansen, Jesper Lau, Kjeld Madsen, Thomas Kruse Hansen, Jeppe Sturis USPTO Applicaton #: 20070042956 - Class: 514012000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Designated Organic Active Ingredient Containing (doai), Peptide Containing (e.g., Protein, Peptones, Fibrinogen, Etc.) Doai, Cyclopeptides, 25 Or More Peptide Repeating Units In Known Peptide Chain Structure The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070042956. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation International Patent Application No. PCT/DK2004/00886 filed Dec. 17, 2004 and claims priority of U.S. Patent Application Nos. 60/531,053, filed Dec. 19, 2003, and 60/587,181, filed Jul. 12, 2004 and Danish Patent Application Nos. PA 2003 01885, filed Dec. 18, 2003 and PA 2004 01090, filed Jul. 9, 2004. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to novel GLP-1 compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and to the use of the compounds for the treatment of diseases related to diabetes. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which the ability to utilize glucose is partly or completely lost. About 5% of all people suffer from diabetes and the disorder approaches epidemic proportions. Since the introduction of insulin in the 1920's, continuous efforts have been made to improve the treatment of diabetes mellitus. [0004] One peptide expected to become very important in the treatment of diabetes is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Human GLP-1 is a 37 amino acid residue peptide originating from pre-proglucagon which is synthesized i.a. in the L-cells in the distal ileum, in the pancreas and in the brain. GLP-1 is an important gut hormone with regulatory function in glucose metabolism and gastrointestinal secretion and metabolism. GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependant manner, stimulates insulin biosynthesis, promotes beta cell rescue, decreases glucagon secretion, gastric emptying and food intake. Human GLP-1 is hydrolysed to GLP-1(7-37) and GLP-1(7-36)-amide which are both insulinotropic peptides. A simple system is used to describe fragments and analogues of this peptide. Thus, for example, [Gly.sup.8]GLP-1(7-37) designates an analogue of GLP-1(7-37) formally derived from GLP-1(7-37) by substituting the naturally occurring amino acid residue in position 8 (Ala) by Gly. Similarly, (N.sup..epsilon.34-tetradecanoyl)[Lys.sup.34]GLP-1(7-37) designates GLP-1(7-37) wherein the .epsilon.-amino group of the Lys residue in position 34 has been tetradecanoylated. PCT publications WO 98/08871 and WO 99/43706 disclose stable derivatives of GLP-1 analogues, which have a lipophilic substituent. These stable derivatives of GLP-1 analogues have a protracted profile of action compared to the corresponding GLP-1 analogues. [0005] In the last decade a number of peptides have been isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizards (Heloderma suspectum and Heloderma horridum). Exendin-4 is a 39 amino acid residue peptide isolated from the venom of Heloderma suspectum, and this peptide shares 52% homology with GLP-1(7-37) in the overlapping region. Exendin-4 is a potent GLP-1 receptor agonist which has been shown to stimulate insulin release and ensuing lowering of the blood glucose level when injected into dogs. The group of exendin-4(1-39), certain fragments thereof, analogs thereof and derivatives thereof, are potent insulinotropic agents. Most importantly the group of exendin-4(1-39), insulinotropic fragments thereof, insulinotropic analogs thereof and insulinotropic derivatives thereof. [0006] Common to GLP-1 and exendins are that an extensive amount of variants have been synthesized and studied in particular in relation the plasma half-life. Low plasma half-lifes may be due to chemical stability towards peptidases (mainly dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV) and to renal clearance. However, these analogues and derivatives of insulionotropic peptides lack a satisfactory bioavailability when administered by the pulmonary route, i.e. when administered to the lower respirary tract such as through the bronchioles or alveoli. [0007] WO 00/66629 discloses modified exendin agonists which have been coupled to polyethyleneglycol via a lysine residue to decrease renal clearance. [0008] WO 03/40309 discloses peptide acting as both GLP-1 receptor agonists and glucagon receptor antagonists. Among the disclosed peptides are two peptides which have been coupled to polyethyleneglycol via a C-terminal cycteine residue. [0009] WO 2004/093823 discloses polyethylene glycolated GLOP-1 peptides. [0010] Pulmonary administration of GLP-1 peptides have been disclosed in WO 01/51071 and WO 00/12116. [0011] The insulinotropic peptides derived from GLP-1 and Exendin-4 stimulatesd insulin release only when plasma glucose levels are high, the risk of hypoglycaemic events is reduced. Thus, the peptides are particularly useful for patients with diabetes who no longer respond to OHA's (oral hyperglycaemic agents) and who should from a strict medical point of view be administered insulin. Patients and to some extent also doctors are often not keen on initiating insulin treatment before this is absolutely necessary, presumably because of the fear of hypoglycaemic events or the fear of injections/needles. Thus, there is a need for insulinotropic peptides which are sufficiently potent and which can be administered by the pulmonary route. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide insulinotropic peptides which have sufficient pulmonary bioavailability to serve as an alternative to peptides for paranteral administration. Insulinotropic peptides having pulmonary bioavailability is a balance between potency and bioavailability. It is also an object of the present invention to provide insulinotropic peptides which are less prone to aggregation, a well known problem associated with the glucagon-like peptides. Being less prone to aggregation facilitates economical manufacturing processes as well as enabling the compounds to be administered by medical infusion pumps. Definitions [0012] In the present specification, the following terms have the indicated meaning: [0013] The term "polypeptide" and "peptide" as used herein means a compound composed of at least five constituent amino acids connected by peptide bonds. The constituent amino acids may be from the group of the amino acids encoded by the genetic code and they may natural amino acids which are not encoded by the genetic code, as well as synthetic amino acids. Natural amino acids which are not encoded by the genetic code are e.g. hydroxyproline, .gamma.-carboxyglutamate, ornithine, phosphoserine, D-alanine and D-glutamine. Synthetic amino acids comprise amino acids manufactured by chemical synthesis, i.e. D-isomers of the amino acids encoded by the genetic code such as D-alanine and D-leucine, Aib (.alpha.-aminoisobutyric acid), Abu (.alpha.-aminobutyric acid), Tle (tert-butylglycine), .beta.-alanine, 3-aminomethyl benzoic acid, anthranilic acid. [0014] The term "analogue" as used herein referring to a polypeptide means a modified peptide wherein one or more amino acid residues of the peptide have been substituted by other amino acid residues and/or wherein one or more amino acid residues have been deleted from the peptide and/or wherein one or more amino acid residues have been deleted from the peptide and or wherein one or more amino acid residues have been added to the peptide. Such addition or deletion of amino acid residues can take place at the N-terminal of the peptide and/or at the C-terminal of the peptide. A simple system is often used to describe analogues: For example [Arg.sup.34]GLP-1(7-37)Lys designates a GLP-1(7-37) analogue wherein the naturally occuring lysine at position 34 has been substituted with arginine and wherein a lysine has been added to the terminal amino acid residue, i.e. to the Gly.sup.37. All amino acids for which the optical isomer is not stated is to be understood to mean the L-isomer. [0015] The term "derivative" as used herein in relation to a peptide means a chemically modified peptide or an analogue thereof, wherein at least one substituent is not present in the unmodified peptide or an analogue thereof, i.e. a peptide which has been covalently modified. Typical modifications are amides, carbohydrates, alkyl groups, acyl groups, esters and the like. An example of a derivative of GLP-1(7-37) is N.sup..epsilon.26-((4S)-4-(hexadecanoylamino)-butanoyl)[Arg.sup.34,Lys.su- p.26]GLP-1-(7-37). [0016] The term "insulinotropic agent" as used herein means a compound which is an agonist of the human GLP-1 receptor, i.e. a compound which stimulates the formation of cAMP in a suitable medium containing the human GLP-1 receptor (one such medium disclosed below). The potency of an insulinotropic agent is determined by calculating the EC.sub.50 value from the dose-response curve as described below. [0017] Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells expressing the cloned human GLP-1 receptor (BHK-467-12A) were grown in DMEM media with the addition of 100 IU/mL penicillin, 100 .mu.g/mL streptomycin, 5% fetal calf serum and 0.5 mg/mL Geneticin G-418 (Life Technologies). The cells were washed twice in phosphate buffered saline and harvested with Versene. Plasma membranes were prepared from the cells by homogenisation with an Ultraturrax in buffer 1 (20 mM HEPES-Na, 10 mM EDTA, pH 7.4). The homogenate was centrifuged at 48,000.times.g for 15 min at 4.degree. C. The pellet was suspended by homogenization in buffer 2 (20 mM HEPES-Na, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4), then centrifuged at 48,000.times.g for 15 min at 4.degree. C. The washing procedure was repeated one more time. The final pellet was suspended in buffer 2 and used immediately for assays or stored at -80.degree. C. [0018] The functional receptor assay was carried out by measuring cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a response to stimulation by the insulinotropic agent. cAMP formed was quantified by the AlphaScreen.TM. cAMP Kit (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences). Incubations were carried out in half-area 96-well microtiter plates in a total volume of 50 .mu.L buffer 3 (50 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, pH 7.4) and with the following addiditions: 1 mM ATP, 1 .mu.M GTP, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 0.01% Tween-20, 0.1% BSA, 6 .mu.g membrane preparation, 15 .mu.g/mL acceptor beads, 20 .mu.g/mL donor beads preincubated with 6 nM biotinyl-cAMP. Compounds to be tested for agonist activity were dissolved and diluted in buffer 3. GTP was freshly prepared for each experiment. The plate was incubated in the dark with slow agitation for three hours at room temperature followed by counting in the Fusion.TM. instrument (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences). Concentration-response curves were plotted for the individual compounds and EC.sub.50 values estimated using a four-parameter logistic model with Prism v. 4.0 (GraphPad, Carlsbad, Calif.). [0019] The term "GLP-1 peptide" as used herein means GLP-1(7-37) (SEQ ID No 1), a GLP-1 (7-37) analogue, a GLP-1(7-37) derivative or a derivative of a GLP-1(7-37) analogue. In one embodiment the GLP-1 peptide is an insulinotropic agent. [0020] The term "exendin-4 peptide" as used herein means exendin-4(1-39) (SEQ ID No 2), an exendin-4(1-39) analogue, an exendin-4(1-39) derivative or a derivative of an exendin-4(1-39) analogue. In one embodiment the exendin-4 peptide is an insulinotropic agent. 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