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Multiple antigenic peptide assay for detection of hiv or siv type retrovirusesRelated Patent Categories: Chemistry: Molecular Biology And Microbiology, Measuring Or Testing Process Involving Enzymes Or Micro-organisms; Composition Or Test Strip Therefore; Processes Of Forming Such Composition Or Test Strip, Involving Virus Or BacteriophageMultiple antigenic peptide assay for detection of hiv or siv type retroviruses description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060194195, Multiple antigenic peptide assay for detection of hiv or siv type retroviruses. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/462,071 filed Apr. 11, 2003, which is incorporated herein by reference. FIELD [0002] This invention concerns assays for the detection of primate immunodeficiency viruses. BACKGROUND [0003] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is subdivided into 2 types, HIV-1 and HIV-2, both of which are believed to be the result of separate zoonotic transmissions on at least eight different occasions (Hahn et al., Science 287:607-17, 2000; Sharp et al., Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 356:867-6, 2001) from chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys, respectively (Huet et al., Nature 345:356-359, 1990; Gao et al., Nature 397:436441, 1999; Hirsch et al., Nature 339:389-392, 1989). While the origin of HIV-1 from chimpanzees is mainly supported by the phylogenetic clustering of HIV-1 and SIVcpz, substantial evidence supports the zoonotic origin of HIV-2, including similarity in the viral genome organization, phylogenetic relatedness, prevalence in the natural host, geographic coincidence and plausible route of transmission (Sharp et al., Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 349:4147, 1995). [0004] There is no evidence that the other lineages of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have crossed into humans. The other lineages include: the SIVagm from four species of African green monkeys; the SIVsyk from sykes' monkeys; the SIVmnd from a mandrill together with SIVlhoest from l'Hoest monkeys and SIVsun from Sun-tailed monkeys; and the SIVcol from a colobus monkey. SIVs from other non-human primates from Africa have been partially sequenced and may represent new lineages. Continued study of SIV is critical for elucidating the origin and spread of HIV in humans, and monitoring future viral threats to humans. [0005] A number of studies have provided serological evidence (using commercially available HIV tests) of SIV infections in at least 30 African non-human primates to date with viral molecular evidence in 24 of the infections (Hahn et al., Science 287:607-617, 2000; Lowenstine et al., Int J Cancer 38:563-574, 1986; Nicol et al., J Med Primatol 18:227-236, 1989; Peeters et al, Emerg Infect Dis 8:451-457, 2002). Humans are also now being increasingly exposed to the many different SIVs in different species of wild primates, for example through the hunting and butchering trade in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Cameroon. This increasing human exposure to the plethora of SIVs prevalent in different species of wild primates may lead, or has already led, to additional transmissions of SIVs with the potential to cause new epidemics. Unfortunately, new zoonotic transmissions may easily go undetected because of the lack of SIV-specific tests. [0006] There is no commercially available test specifically designed for detecting all known SIVs. Serological detection of SIVs has so far been done using HIV tests (Tsujimoto et al., Nature 341:539-541, 1989; Peeters et al., AIDS 6:447451, 1992; Peeters et al, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:1289-1294, 1994; Georges-Courbot et al., J Virol 72:600-608, 1998; Beer et al, J Virol 73:7734-7744, 1999; Hirsch et al., Virol 73:1036-1045, 1999; Osterhaus et al, Virology 260:116-124, 1999) based on some cross reactivities observed with SIV antibodies to some HIV antigens. It has not been established whether all SIV strains could be detected in this way and as such, some can readily be missed (Simon et al., AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 17:937-952, 2001; Peeters et al., Emerg Infect Dis 8:451457, 2002) due to the high genetic diversity among primate lentiviruses. Indeed, some seronegative monkeys have been found to be infected only as determined by PCR and sequencing (Peeters et al., Emerg Infect Dis 8:451457, 2002). It would therefore be useful to develop and implement testing methods and strategies sensitive and specific enough to detect diverse SIV strains in monkeys and humans in the event of zoonotic jumps to identify primary infection and prevent secondary transmission that could lead to yet another HIV-like epidemic. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE [0007] Disclosed herein is a method for detecting a primate immunodeficiency virus (PIV) infection by analyzing a biological sample (such as a serum sample) from a test subject to detect the presence of anti-PIV antibodies in the biological sample. The method includes contacting a biological sample with (i) at least one detection multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) from an immunodominant ("IDR") region of a transmembrane envelope protein of a primate immunodeficiency virus and (ii) at least one differentiation multiple antigenic peptide from a third variable loop ("V3-loop") of an envelope protein of a primate immunodeficiency virus. At least one of the detection (IDR) MAP or the differentiation (V3-loop) MAP can form an immune complex with primate immunodeficiency virus-specific antibody present in the biological sample. The resulting immune complex then is detected, wherein formation of the complex with the detection MAP indicates infection with a PIV, and formation of the complex with the differentiation MAP indicates infection with a particular type of PIV (such as HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVcpz, SIVsm, etc.). [0008] Also disclosed is an enzyme immunoassay that includes a first substrate to which is bound at least one detection MAP and a second substrate to which is bound at least one differentiation MAP. The enzyme immunoassay may be provided in the form of arrays of different detection MAPs and different differentiation MAPs. [0009] Diagnostic kits that include the detection MAP, the differentiation MAP, and instructions for performing an enzyme immunoassay of a biological sample using the detection MAP and the differentiation MAP to detect at least one primate immunodeficiency antibody in the biological sample are also described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0010] Certain examples will be described in more detail below with reference to the following drawings: [0011] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the optical density (OD) results for an enzyme immunoassay performed on samples from Sykes monkeys infected with SIVsyk against an array of different SIV MAPs as described herein that utilized both a detection component (identified in FIG. 1 as "IDR") and a differentiation component (identified in FIG. 1 as "V3"); [0012] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the optical density (OD) results for an enzyme immunoassay performed on samples from sooty mangabeys and macaques infected with SIVsm against an array of different SIV MAPs as described herein that utilized both a detection component (identified in FIG. 2 as "IDR") and a differentiation component (identified in FIG. 2 as "V3"); and [0013] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the optical density (OD) results for an enzyme immunoassay performed on samples from colobus monkeys infected with SIVcol as described herein that utilized both a detection component (identified in FIG. 3 as "IDR") and a differentiation component (identified in FIG. 3 as "V3"). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL EXAMPLES [0014] For ease of understanding, the following terms used herein are described below in more detail: [0015] "Detection component" generally refers to an assay component that can detect the presence of a PIV, especially SIV. [0016] "Diagnostically effective amount" means the amount of detectably labeled specific binding agent (e.g., a MAP that binds a PIV antibody) that, when utilized, is in sufficient quantity to enable detection of the PIV antibody. [0017] "Differentiation component" generally refers to an assay component that can differentiate between types, strains, or sub-strains of PIV, especially SIV. [0018] "Epitope" generally refers to any antigenic determinant on an antigen to which the paratope of an antibody binds. Epitopic determinants usually consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and usually have specific three dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics. Continue reading about Multiple antigenic peptide assay for detection of hiv or siv type retroviruses... Full patent description for Multiple antigenic peptide assay for detection of hiv or siv type retroviruses Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Multiple antigenic peptide assay for detection of hiv or siv type retroviruses patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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