Multi-level video processing within a vehicular communication network   

Abstract: A system for performing multi-level video processing within a vehicle includes a pre-processing module for determining an encoding mode and enabling one or more levels of encoding based on the encoding mode. The pre-processing module further receives a video stream from a camera attached to the vehicle via a vehicular communication network and encodes the video stream based on the encoding mode to produce a packet stream output. The system further includes a video decoder for receiving the packet stream output and decoding the packet stream output in accordance with the encoding mode to produce a decoded video output.

The present U.S. Utility Application claims priority under 35 USC §119(e) to a provisionally filed patent application entitled “Vehicle Communication Network,” having a provisional filing date of Nov. 3, 2010, and a provisional Ser. No. 61/409,904 (Attorney Docket # BP22410), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to communication and more particularly to data and multimedia communication within a vehicle.

2. Description of Related Art

As is known, a vehicle (e.g., automobile, truck, bus, an agricultural vehicle, ship, and/or aircraft) includes a vehicle communication network. The complexity of the vehicle communication network varies depending on the amount of electronic devices within the vehicle. For example, many more advanced vehicles include electronic modules for engine control, transmission control, antilock braking, body control, emissions control, etc. To support the various electronic devices within the vehicle, the automotive industry has generated numerous communication protocols.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a prior art vehicular communication network that illustrates the various bus protocols and the electronic devices that utilize such protocols. The bus protocols include: (1) J1850 and/or OBDII, which are typically used for vehicle diagnostic electronic components; (2) Intellibus, which is typically used for electronic engine control, transmission control other vehicle systems such as climate control, and it may also be used for drive-by-wire electronic control units (ECU); (3) high-speed controller area network (CAN), which is typically used for braking systems and engine management systems; (4) distributed system interface (DSI) and/or Bosch-Siemens-Temic (BST), which is typically used for safety related electronic devices; (5) byteflight, which is typically used for safety critical electronic device applications; (6) local interconnect network (LIN), which is typically used for intelligent actuators and/or intelligent sensors; (7) low-speed controller area network (CAN) and/or Motorola® interconnect (MI), which are typically used for low-speed electronic devices such as Windows, mirrors, seats and/or climate control; (8) mobile media link (MML), domestic digital data (D2B), smartwireX, inter-equipment bus (IEBus), and/or media oriented systems transport (MOST), which are typically used to support multimedia electronic devices within a vehicle such as a audio head unit and amplifiers, CD player, a DVD player, a cellular connection, a Bluetooth connection, peripheral computer connections, rear seat entertainment (RSE) units, a radio, digital storage, and/or a GPS navigation system; (9) Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS), which are typically used to support, heads up display, instrument panel displays, other digital displays, driver assist digital video cameras, and (10) FlexRay, which may be used for safety critical features and/or by-wire applications.

To enable electronic components using different bus protocols to communicate with each other, one or more bus gateways may be included in the vehicle network. For example, in a safety related issue, a safety ECU may need to communicate with a braking ECU, and engine control ECU, and/or a transmission control ECU. In this example, the bus gateway performs some degree of protocol conversion to facilitate the communication between the ECUs of differing communication protocols.

In addition to providing multiple vehicle network protocols to support a variety of electronic devices within a vehicle, most vehicle manufacturers are striving for improved fuel efficiency. In this regard, a reduction in weight of 400 pounds is approximately equivalent to reducing continuous power consumption by 100 Watts. As such, by removing weight from a vehicle, fuel efficiency may be improved. As is known, a typical vehicle includes 400 to 600 pounds of wiring, which is the second heaviest component in a vehicle; the engine is the heaviest.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a prior art vehicular communication network;

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a communication infrastructure in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a logical diagram of network managing processes for a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a bridge-routing module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a packet egress unit and a packet ingress unit in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a packet egress unit and a packet ingress unit in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a redundancy/backup module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an example of a cable failure within a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a cable failure within a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of another example of a cable failure within a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a cable failure within a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 22 is an example diagram of a network topology database in accordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 23-26 are examples of network fabric spanning tree configurations in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a diagram of an embodiment of a modified network frame/packet in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 29 is an example diagram of processing a mission critical packet within a vehicle communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a mission critical packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a mission critical packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 32 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a switch module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 34 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a switch module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 35 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 36 is an example diagram of packet queues within a vehicle communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 37-40 are example diagrams of packet queue processing within a vehicle communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 41 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 42 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 43 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 44 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 45 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 46 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 47 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 48 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 49 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 50 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 51 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 52 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 53 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 54 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 55 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 56 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 57 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 58 is a schematic block diagram of an example of an occupant environment in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 59 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing occupant sensed data in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 60 is a diagram of an example of a moving recording time window in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 61 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle black box in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 62 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a vehicle black box in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 63 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of power distribution within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 64 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of power distribution within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 65 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for controlling power distribution within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 66 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for controlling power distribution within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 67 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network interface within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 68A is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for managing devices coupled to a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 68B is a schematic diagram of a network node module for managing devices coupled to a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 69 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for adding a device to a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 70A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a new device coupled to a switch module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 70B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a new device added to a network node module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 71 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a damaged device of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 72 is an example diagram of an embodiment of network and/or resource planning within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 73 is an example diagram of an embodiment of a packet queue for concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 74 is an example diagram of concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 75 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 76 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 77 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 78 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a packet egress unit and a packet ingress unit of a data bridge in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 79 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 80 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 81 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 82 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 83 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 84 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for storing data by a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 85 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 86 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 87 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wired and wireless network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 87A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wireless network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 88 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a bridge/routing module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 89 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of egress units, an egress sync module, and a packet egress unit of a bridge/routing module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 90 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of ingress units, an ingress sync module, and a packet ingress unit of a bridge/routing module in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 91 is a diagram of an example of frequency bands and channels of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 92 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for wired and wireless packet processing within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 93 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a switch module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 94 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a switch module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 95 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a network node module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 96 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a network node module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 97 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a network node module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 98 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wireless waveguide network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 99 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle component having an integrated waveguide of a wireless network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 100 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of infotainment modules coupled to a network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 101 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an infotainment modules coupled to a network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 102 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing high resolution video content of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 103-105 are example diagrams of an embodiment of processing 3D video within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 106 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of commercial insertion within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 107 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for commercial insertion within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 108 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for expanding memory of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 109 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for vehicular charging in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 110 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for fuel consumption optimization in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 111 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for fuel consumption optimization in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 112 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multi-level pre-processing module of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 113 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multi-level video decoding module of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 114 is a diagram of an example of a pre-processing video in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 115 is a diagram of an example of a low latency video packet organization in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 116 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for multi-level video processing in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 117 is a diagram of an example of a using multi-level video in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 118 is a diagram of another example of a using multi-level video in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 119 is a diagram of an example of video content authorization in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 120 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for video content authorization in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 121 is a diagram of an example of resource sharing in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 122 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for resource sharing in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 123 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for resource sharing in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 124 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a power management module in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 125 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of method for power management in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a communication system that includes vehicles 10, a home network 12, a satellite transceiver 14, a cellular network 16, a highway wireless network 18, the Internet 20, an automobile service provider 22, a server 24, an automobile manufacturer 26, government 28, and/or automobile marketing 30. In this system, each vehicle 10 includes a packet/frame-based communication network that enables it to communicate with other vehicles, with its home network 12, with the satellite transceiver 14 (GPS, satellite radio, satellite TV, satellite communication, etc.), with the cellular network 16, and/or with the highway wireless network 18. Note that the highway wireless network 18 may include a plurality of wireless transceivers located proximal to highways, roads, rest areas, etc.

In an example of operation, a vehicle 10 may communicate with an automobile service provider 22 (e.g., engine tune-up, brake system, a transmission system, etc.) via the cellular network 16, the highway wireless network 18, and/or its home network 12. Such a communication includes the vehicle 10 transmitting data regarding its operational status (e.g., number of hours since last engine tune-up, wear & tear on the break system, brake fluid level, oil level, transmission fluid level, etc.). The automobile service provider 22 interprets the operational status data to determine if the vehicle 10 is in need of service and/or if a component failure is likely to occur in the near future. Based on this interpretation, the automobile service provider 22 sends data to the vehicle indicating whether service is needed and may further include data to schedule an appointment for such service.

In another example of operation, a vehicle 10 collects data regarding its performance (e.g., fuel efficiency, component wear & tear, real-time engine control, real-time braking system control, real-time transmission control, etc.), which it transmits to the auto manufacturer 26. The auto manufacturer 26 utilizes the data for a variety of purposes, such as improving future designs, determining need for recalls, etc.

In yet another example of operation, a vehicle 10 may communicate with a server to upload data and/or download data. As a more specific example, the server may provide streaming video of television shows, movies, etc. For a subscription fee, the vehicle 10 downloads the streaming video for display on rear seat entertainment systems and/or other displays within the vehicle. As another specific example, the vehicle 10 may upload data (e.g., video taken by cameras of the car, user data contained on a laptop computer, video game inputs and/or controls, etc.) to the server.

In a further example of operation, the vehicle 10 may communicate with a government agency 28 (e.g., driver motor vehicle) to update registration information, insurance information, etc. As another example, the vehicle 10 may communicate specific performance information (e.g., general vehicle operation, emissions test, etc.) with the government agency 28 for compliance with different government programs (e.g., emissions control, safety check, etc.).

In a still further example of operation, the vehicle 10 may receive marketing information from an auto-marketing provider 30. For instance, the vehicle 10 may receive commercial information based on the vehicle\'s location, driver\'s interests, recent communications to and/or from the vehicle, etc.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a unified network fabric 32 (e.g., Ethernet-based), one or more communication links 34, a gateway 36, a plurality of vehicle control modules 38, a network manager 40, a power manager 42, one or more processing modules 44, memory 46, and/or one or more multimedia processing modules 48. The communication links 34 may include wired and/or wireless interfaces to support connectivity with cellular devices, Bluetooth devices, infrared devices, and/or computer peripheral devices. For example, a Bluetooth transceiver may be coupled to the unified network fabric 32 to support Bluetooth communications with a portable audio/video unit, with a headset, etc.

The network fabric 32 includes a plurality of bridge-routing modules and a plurality of switch modules (examples of which are shown in FIGS. 13 and 87). Within the network fabric 32, a bridge-routing module is redundantly coupled to one or more adjacent bridge-routing modules and a switch module is redundantly coupled to one or more bridge-routing modules. The network fabric 32 may be divided into sub-network fabrics that are coupled together via a data bridge. As an example, the network fabric includes a data bridge, a first sub-network fabric operably coupled to first sub-set of the vehicle control modules, and a second sub-network fabric operably coupled to second sub-set of the vehicle control modules. The data bridge facilitates (e.g., initiates, issues an instruction, performs, etc.) communication of a sub-set of the packets between the first and second sub-network fabrics. Further examples of the network fabric being partitioned into sub-network fabrics are shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and one or more of the remaining subsequent figures.

The gateway 36 may include one or more wireless transceivers to support communication with the highway network, with a home network, and/or to support diagnostic ports for communication with the automobile service providers, the automobile manufacturers, etc. Such a wireless transceiver includes a network interface, which enables it to connect to the unified network fabric 32.

A vehicle control module 38 may be one or more processing modules, a network node module, an electronic control unit, and/or a vehicle assembly. As an example, a vehicle control module 38 (which may also be referred to as a network node module) includes a network interface and at least one device. If the device is an analog device, the vehicle control module 38 further includes an analog to digital converter and/or a digital to analog converter. Such devices may include a sensor, an actuator, an intelligent sensor, an intelligent actuator, an electronic control unit (ECU), and/or a control device. As another example, a vehicle assembly includes a switching circuit module, a plurality of network interfaces operably coupled to the switch circuit module, and a plurality of devices operably coupled to the plurality of network interfaces. Various examples of vehicle control modules will be discussed in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 41-57.

The network manager 40 performs a variety of functions to coordinate packet communication within the vehicle communication network and to facilitate network resource management. For example, the network manager 40 coordinate communication of packets, via the network fabric 32, among the vehicle control modules 38, the memory 46, and the multimedia processing module(s) 48 based on individual content of the packets and in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol. The global vehicle network communication protocol includes information regarding a network fabric formatting of the packets, (e.g., packet format as shown in FIG. 26), information regarding packet transmission prioritization schemes (e.g., mission critical packets having a higher priority, infotainment (information and/or entertainment) packets having a lower priority, etc.), information regarding network management processing (e.g., network fabric resources and devices coupled to the network fabric), and information regarding vehicle network operation parameters (e.g., network configuration management). FIGS. 28-32 illustrate one or more examples of packet communication in accordance with the global network communication protocol.

As another example, the network manager 40 facilitates (e.g., initiates, issues an instruction, performs, etc.) network resource management to support the communication of packets via the network fabric in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol. For instance, the network manager 40 performs access prioritization management, bandwidth allocation management, packet redundancy management, link redundancy management, data transmission latency management, link diagnostics, network security, virtual local area network setup, legacy packet/frame management, adding and/or deleting devices from access to the network, etc.

The power manager 42 functions in concert with the network manager 40 to optimize power consumption of the unified network fabric 32 and/or the devices coupled thereto. For instance, the power manager 42 may manage the devices individually, may manage and island of devices, and/or may manage power to network interfaces. Such power management includes a sleep-wake mode, an on-off power mode, in-use power consumption reduction techniques (e.g., reduce power supply voltage, reduced clock rate, current limit, etc.), and/or utilizing low power communication links at the physical layer.

The processing modules 44 may implement one or more electronic control units (ECU), one or more control units, one or more steer by wire controllers, one or more drive by wire controllers, one or more central processing units, one or more co-processing units, and/or one or more other controllers. The processing module 44 may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions. The processing module 44 may have an associated memory and/or memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of the processing module. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that if the processing module 44 includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that when the processing module 44 implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memory element stores, and the processing module 44 executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures.

The memory 46 may be a variety of memory devices such as nonvolatile memory, volatile memory, disk drive, memory, solid-state memory, and/or any other type of memory. The memory 46 may be used for storing multi-media files (e.g., video files, audio files, etc.), electronic control unit applications, multimedia applications, diagnostic data, performance data, and/or any other data associated with the use and/or performance of the vehicle.

The multimedia processing module 48 provides audio, video, text, and/or graphics processing for the vehicle. For instance, the multimedia processing module 48 supports a GPS navigation system, provides rendered video and/or graphic images to displays, processes digital images received by cameras, and/or provides images to other audio/video equipment within the vehicle. The multimedia processing module 48 may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions. The multimedia processing module 48 may have an associated memory and/or memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of the processing module. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that if the multimedia processing module 48 includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that when the multimedia processing module 48 implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memory element stores, and the multimedia processing module 48 executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures.

In an example of operation, a vehicle control module (e.g., a sensor) generates a packet in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol (e.g., formats the packet in accordance with the information regarding a network fabric formatting of the packets, (e.g., packet format as shown in FIG. 26)). The vehicle control module then transmits the packet via the network fabric in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol. For instance, the network fabric routes the packet based on content type of the packet (and the destination address) to another vehicle control module and/or to the multimedia processing module.

The multimedia processing module may also generate a packet in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol and subsequently transmits it via the network fabric in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol. The network fabric routes the packet based on content type of the packet (and the destination address) to the vehicle control module, the other vehicle control module, and/or to the multimedia processing module.

In such a vehicle communication network, the unified network fabric 32 has an Ethernet bus structure (or other packet/frame structure) that enables packet/frame-based communication among the plurality of electronic devices within a vehicle. In addition, the vehicle communication network is a semi-static network thereby allowing preconfigured spanning trees to be utilized for fast reconfiguration of the network; has configured dedicated bandwidth allocation for at least some of the devices to ensure a particular level of data throughput for mission critical and some non-mission critical applications; supports virtualized local area networks; supports a centralized and/or distributed bus monitoring system; utilizes a new class of packets for car control; supports security and authentication of device replacement and or new device installment; supports lossless Ethernet transmissions through redundant paths; supports a low latency protocol for mission-critical packets; and/or supports fast link fail-over.

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that is divided into two sub-networks coupled together via a data bridge 64. The first sub-network supports mission-critical devices and mission-critical functions (e.g., safety related devices and/or functions, engine control devices and/or functions, braking devices and/or functions, video imaging devices and or functions related to safety and/or critical operation of the vehicle, etc.). In this example, the mission-critical network fabric 50 is coupled to a mission-critical multimedia processing module 52, mission-critical memory 54, one or more mission-critical processing modules 56, one or more mission-critical vehicle control modules 58, one or more mission-critical communication links 60, the network manager 62, the data bridge 64, and the power manager 66.

The second sub-network supports non-mission critical devices and/or functions (e.g., video game, GPS navigation, audio/video playback, window operation, seat operation, climate control, etc.). In this example, the non-mission critical network fabric 68 is coupled to a gateway 70, one or more local ports 72, non-critical process multimedia processing module 74, non-mission-critical memory 76, one or more non-mission-critical processing modules 78, one or more non-mission-critical vehicle control modules 80, one or more non-mission-critical communication links 82, the network manager 62, the data bridge 64, and the power manager 66. Note that the local port 72 provides wireless and/or wired connectivity to one or more smart devices 84 (e.g., a cell phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, etc.).

The data bridge 64 (which will be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 76-86) provides coupling between the two network fabrics. For instance, if a mission-critical packet is to be broadcast throughout the network (e.g., both the mission-critical network fabric 50 and the non-mission-critical fabric 68), the data bridge 64 receives the packet from the mission-critical network fabric 50, interprets it to determine that is a broadcast packet and is of a mission-critical nature. Based on this interpretation, the data bridge 64 forwards the mission-critical packet to the non-mission critical network fabric 68 for transmission therein. The data bridge 64 also processes packets from the non-mission critical network fabric 68 for transmission within the mission-critical network fabric 50. In this instance, the data bridge 64 interprets the non-mission critical packet to determine whether it should be provided to the mission-critical network fabric 50. If so, the data bridge 64 forwards the packet to the mission-critical network fabric 50.

The network manager 62 and power manager 66 generally function as described with reference to FIG. 3 and as subsequently described in one or more of the following figures. Note that the data bridge 64, network manager 62, and power manager 66 may be separate devices, may be within a common device, or a combination thereof. Further note that while the vehicle communication network is divided into two network fabrics, it may be divided into three or more network fabrics based on functional relationships.

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that is divided into two sub-networks coupled together via a data bridge 102. The first sub-network supports vehicle operation devices and functions and the second sub-network supports info-tainment devices and functions. For instance, the vehicle operation network fabric 88 is coupled to one or more vehicle operation multimedia processing modules 90 (e.g., GPS, collision detection/avoidance, etc.), one or more vehicle operation memory devices 92, one or more vehicle operation processing modules 94, one more vehicle operation control modules 94, one of more vehicle operation communication links 98, the network manager 100, the data bridge 102, and the power manager 104.

The second sub-network fabric is coupled to a gateway 108, then information/entertainment multimedia processing module 110, and information/entertainment memory 112, and information/entertainment processing module 114, one or more information/entertainment control modules 116, one or more information/entertainment communication links 118, the network manager 100, the data bridge 102, and the power manager 104. The information/entertainment may include audio and/or video playback of audio/video files, recording images captured by the vehicle\'s cameras, video games, etc.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a unified network fabric 124, one or more communication links 126, a gateway 128, the network manager 130, the power manager 132, one of more multimedia processing modules 134, a plurality of user input and/or output interfaces 136 (e.g., seat adjust, windowed control, radio control, mirror control, GPS control, cruise control, etc.), and a plurality of network node modules. Each of the network node modules includes a network interface for coupling to the unified network fabric and at least one device.

The devices may include one or more of each of an engine management electronic control unit 138, an engine management actuator 140, an engine management sensor 142, an engine control electronic control unit 144, an engine control actuator 146, an engine control sensor 148, a diagnostic electronic control unit 150, a diagnostic sensor 152, a diagnostic actuator 154, a window electronic control unit 156, a window actuator 158, a window sensor 160, a mirror electronic control unit 162, a mirror actuator 164, a mirror sensor 166, a seat electronic control unit 168, a seat actuator 170, a seat sensor 172, a climate electronic control unit 174, a climate actuator 176, a climate sensor 178, a safety sensor electronic control unit 180, a safety actuator 182, a safety sensor 184, a safety critical application electronic control unit 186, a safety critical actuator 188, a safety critical sensor 190, a braking system electronic control unit 192, a breaking actuator 194, a breaking sensor 196, a by-wire application electronic control unit 198, a by-wire actuator 200, a by-wire sensor 202, a transmission control electronic control unit 204, a transmission sensor 206, a transmission actuator 208, a vehicle system electronic control unit 210, a vehicle system actuator 212, a vehicle system Sensor 214, a DVD player 216, a cellular telephone interface 218, a Bluetooth interface 220, a computer peripheral interface 222, a rear seat entertainment interface and/or unit 224, a radio 226, digital storage 228, a CD player 230, a camera 232, a display 234, a heads-up display 236, a GPS navigation system 238, an infrared sensor 240, a radio frequency sensor 242, an intelligent actuator 244, and/or an intelligent sensor 246.

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a unified network fabric 124, one or more communication links 126, a gateway 128, the network manager 130, the power manager 132, one of more multimedia processing modules 134, a plurality of processing modules 248-254, and a plurality of network node modules. Each of the processing modules and each of the network node modules include a network interface for coupling to the unified network fabric 124 and at least one device. The network node modules may be similar to the modules of FIG. 6.

Each of the processing modules performs one or more functions. For instance, one of the processing modules may perform the electronic control functions for the engine, which include, but are not limited to, engine management, vehicle system operations, engine control, and engine diagnostics. Another processing module may perform user environment electronic control functions, which include, but are not limited to, window operation, seat operation, mirror operation, and climate control. Yet another processing module may perform safety related electronic control functions, which include, but are not limited to, critical safety issues (e.g., air bags) and general safety issues (e.g., turn signal, brake lights, etc.). Still another processing module may perform vehicle operation electronic control functions, which include, but are not limited to, by-wire operations, transmission control, braking control, etc.

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a mission critical network fabric 256, a non-mission critical network fabric 258, the data bridge 260, the network manager 130, and the power manager 132. The mission-critical network fabric 256 is coupled to a plurality of mission-critical network node modules, which include one or more communication links 126, an engine management electronic control unit 138, one or more engine management actuators 140, one or more engine management sensors 142, an engine control electronic control unit 144, one or more engine control actuators 146, one or more engine control sensors 148, a safety critical applications electronic control unit 190, one or more safety critical actuators 186, one or more safety critical sensors 188, a safety electronic control unit 180, one or more safety actuators 182, one or more safety sensors 184, one or more infrared sensors 240, one more RF sensors 242, a by-wire or electronic control unit 198, one or more by-wire actuators 200, one or more by-wire sensors 202, a transmission electronic control unit 204, one or more transmission sensors 206, one or more transition actuators 208, a braking system electronic control unit 192, one or more breaking actuators 194, one more breaking sensors 196, a vehicle system electronic control unit 210, one or more vehicle system actuators 212, one or more vehicle system sensors 214, a mission-critical multi-media processing module 262, and/or one more mission-critical cameras 264.

The non-mission critical network fabric 258 is coupled to a plurality of non-mission critical network node modules, which include one or more communication links 126, one or more multimedia processing modules 134, a window electronic control unit 156, one or more window actuators 158, one or more window sensors 160, a mirror electronic control units 162, one or more minor actuators 164, one or more minor sensors 166, a seat electronic control unit 168, one or more seat actuators 170, one or more seat sensors 172, a climate electronic control unit 174, one or more climate actuators 176, one or more climate sensors 178, a diagnostic electronic control unit 150, one or more diagnostic sensors 152, one or more diagnostic actuators 154, a gateway 128, a DVD player 216, a cellular telephone interface 218, a Bluetooth interface 220, one or more computer peripheral interfaces 222, a rear seat entertainment unit and/or interface 224, a radio 226, digital storage 228, a CD player 230, one or more cameras 232, one or more displays 234, a heads-up display 236, a GPS navigation system 238, one or more intelligent actuators 244, one or more intelligent sensors 246, and/or one or more user input and/or output interfaces 136.

FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a vehicle operation network fabric 266, an information/entertainment (infotainment) network fabric 268, the data bridge 260, the network manager 130, and the power manager 132. The vehicle operation network fabric 266 is coupled to a plurality of vehicle operation network node modules, which include one or more communication links 126, an engine management electronic control unit 138, one or more engine management actuators 140, one or more engine management sensors 142, an engine control electronic control unit 144, one or more engine control actuators 146, one or more engine control sensors 148, a safety critical applications electronic control unit 190, one or more safety critical actuators 186, one or more safety critical sensors 188, a safety electronic control unit 180, one or more safety actuators 182, one or more safety sensors 184, one or more infrared sensors 240, one more RF sensors 242, a by-wire or electronic control unit 198, one or more by-wire actuators 200, one or more by-wire sensors 202, a transmission electronic control unit 204, one or more transmission sensors 206, one or more transition actuators 208, a braking system electronic control unit 192, one or more breaking actuators 194, one more breaking sensors 196, a vehicle system electronic control unit 210, one or more vehicle system actuators 212, one or more vehicle system sensors 214, a vehicle operation multi-media processing module 270, one more vehicle operation cameras 272, a window electronic control unit 156, one or more window actuators 158, or more window sensors 160, a mirror electronic control units 162, one or more mirror actuators 164, one or more minor sensors 166, a seat electronic control unit 168, one or more seat actuators 170, one or more seat sensors 172, a climate electronic control unit 174, one or more climate actuators 176, one or more climate sensors 178, a diagnostic electronic control unit 150, one or more diagnostic sensors 152, one or more diagnostic actuators 154.

The infotainment critical network fabric 268 is coupled to a plurality of infotainment network node modules, which include one or more communication links 126, one or more multimedia processing modules 134, a gateway 128, a DVD player 216, a cellular telephone interface 218, a Bluetooth interface 220, one or more computer peripheral interfaces 222, a rear seat entertainment unit and/or interface 224, a radio, digital storage 226, a CD player 230, one or more cameras 232, one or more displays 234, a heads-up display 236, a GPS navigation system 238, one or more intelligent actuators 244, one or more intelligent sensors 246, and/or one or more user input and/or output interfaces 136.

FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a unified network fabric 124, a plurality of assemblies, one or more communication links 126, a gateway 128, a network manager 130, one or more processing modules 274, one or more of multimedia processing modules 134, and a power manager 132. The plurality of assemblies include a left rear assembly 276, a left rear tire assembly 278, a left right passenger door assembly 280, a driver door assembly 282, a left front tire assembly 284, a left front assembly 286, a rear left passenger seat assembly 288, a driver\'s seat assembly 290, a steering wheel assembly 292, a braking assembly 294, a transmission assembly 296, a center front assembly 298, an engine assembly 300, a right front assembly 302, a right front tire assembly 304, a front passenger door assembly 306, a rear right passenger door assembly 308, a right rear tire assembly 310, a right rear assembly 312, a dashboard assembly 314, a front passenger seat assembly 316, a right rear passenger seat assembly 318, and a rear center assembly 320.

An assembly includes a switching circuit, a plurality of network interfaces, and a plurality of devices. For example, the left front, right front, left rear and right rear assemblies each may include a switching circuit, a plurality of network interfaces, a plurality of digital to analog converters, a plurality of analog to digital converters, one or more headlamp actuators, one or more taillight actuators, one or more cameras, were more like sensors, were more RF sensors, one or more IR sensors, and or one or more environmental sensors. The various assemblies will be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 48-57. Note that more or less assemblies may be coupled to the unified network fabric 124.

FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a mission-critical network fabric 322, a non-mission critical network fabric 324, the network manager 130, the power manager 132, and the data bridge 260. The mission-critical network fabric 322 is coupled to one of more communication links 126, one or more processing modules 274, and a plurality of assemblies. The non-mission critical network fabric 322 is coupled to the gateway 128, one or more communication links 126, one or more multimedia processing modules 134, one or more processing modules 274, and a plurality of assemblies.

Of the plurality of assemblies, some are coupled to the mission-critical network fabric 322, some are coupled to the non-mission critical network fabric 324, and some are coupled to both network fabrics. For instance, the left rear assembly 276, the left rear tire assembly 278, the left right passenger door assembly 280, the driver door assembly 282, the left front tire assembly 284, the left front assembly 286, the dashboard assembly 314, the steering wheel assembly 392, the center front assembly 298, the right front assembly 302, the right front tire assembly 304, the front passenger door assembly 306, the right rear passenger door assembly 308, the right rear tire assembly 310, and the right rear assembly 312, and the center rear assembly 320 are each coupled to both network fabrics. In this embodiment, each of these assemblies includes one or more mission-critical devices (e.g., airbag sensor, airbag actuator, collision indication, collision avoidance, etc.) and one or more non-mission critical devices (e.g., tire pressure sensor, window user interface, etc.).

The engine assembly 300, transmission assembly 296, and braking assembly 294 are coupled to the mission-critical network fabric 322. The rear left passenger seat assembly 288, the driver seat assembly 290, the front passenger seat assembly 316, and the right rear passenger seat assembly 318 are coupled to the non-mission critical network fabric 324.

FIG. 12 is a diagram of network managing processes 326 for a vehicular communication network that includes four high-level management functions: resource management 328, network data type management 330, network configuration management 332, and device management 334. Resource management 328 includes, but is not limited to, link failure management 336, link degeneration management 338, management of communication between bridge/routing modules 340, management of communication between bridge/routing modules and switching modules, management of communication switching modules and network node modules, frequency allocation 342, bandwidth allocation 344, adding deleting or updating a bridge/routing module 346, adding deleting or updating a network node module, and/or adding deleting or updating a switch module 348. The resource management 328 tasks will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more of the subsequent figures.

The network data type management 330 includes, but is not limited to, managing classification, routing, forwarding, and/or filtering of a packets between modules of the network fabric 350, managing the network topology and packet transmissions thereof 352, managing transmission of mission-critical packets 354, managing transmission of information/entertainment packets 356, and managing transmission of vehicle operation packets 358. The networking data type management tasks will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more of the subsequent figures.

The network configuration management 332 includes, but is not limited to, network and resource planning 360, managing semi-static spanning tree configurations 362, network resource allocation 364, managing traffic routing 366, managing load-balancing 368, managing encryption 370, managing security 372, and fault tolerance management 374. The network configuration management tasks will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more of the subsequent figures.

The device management 334 includes, but is not limited to, updating devices 376, adding devices to the network 378, deleting devices from the network 380, and managing the damage devices coupled to the network 382. The device management tasks will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more of the subsequent figures.

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a network fabric 384 that includes a plurality of bridge-routing modules 386 and a plurality of switch modules 388. The switch modules 388 are coupled to one or more network node modules 390 and to at least one bridge-routing module 386. Each of the bridge-routing modules 386 are coupled to at least one switching module 388 and at least one other bridge-routing module 386. The coupling between bridge-routing modules 386 and between bridge-routing modules 386 and switch modules 388 includes multiple cables (e.g., unshielded twisted pair, shielded twisted pair, coaxial cable, category 5 or 6 cables, fiber optics, etc.).

The network fabric 384 may be used within the unified network fabric 384 or the multiple network fabric communication networks of the preceding figures. Note that more or less switching modules 388 and bridge-routing modules 386 may be included in the network fabric 384. Further note that the multiple connections between switching modules 388 and bridge-routing modules 386 may include two or more cables where one of the cables is active and the other is used for fail over or redundancy. Still further note that a network node module 390 may be directly connected to a bridge-routing module 386.

FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a bridge-routing module 386 that includes a plurality of interface circuits, e.g. redundancy/backup modules 392, a packet egress unit 394, a packet ingress unit 396, a processing module 398, and memory 400. The processing module 398 is configured to implement a local network management function 401, a bridging function 403, and or a routing function 405. The memory 400 stores network information in one or more tables and/or databases. For instance, the memory 400 may store a forwarding database 402, a filtering database 404, a routing table 406, a network protocol database 408, and information/entertainment database 410, a vehicle operations database 412, a mission-critical database 414, and a predetermined network topology database 416.

In an example of operation, one of the redundancy/backup modules 392 receives a packet 418. The packet 418 is routed to the packet ingress unit 396, where the local network management function 401 interprets the packet 418. Such an interpretation includes determining the type of packet (e.g., mission critical, network data, info-entertainment, vehicle operation, etc.). Determining the type of packet can include determining the type of content carried by the packet, i.e. the packet content type. Having identified the packet 418, and the packet content type, the local network management function 401 determines the processing for the packet 418 and then processes the packet 418 accordingly. Determining the processing for the packet 418 includes, in some embodiments, determining packet routing parameters based on the packet content type.

As a specific example, when the local network management function 401 determines that the packet 418 is related to a vehicle operation, it accesses the vehicle operation database 412 to determine if any specific processing is to be performed and/or priority of the packet 418, source, and/or destination. If no specific processing is to be performed, the processing module 398 evokes the bridging function 403 and/or the routing function 405 to forward or route the packet 418 to another bridge-routing module, to a switch module, or locally via one of the redundancy/backup modules 392 in accordance with its priority level. Note that the bridging, which uses the forwarding database 402, is done at a data link layer using MAC addresses of physical devices and the routing, which uses the routing table 406, is done at the network layer and uses IP addresses, which may not be tied to a physical device. Further note that the bridging and/or routing function may use the filtering database 404 to preclude forwarding of a packet to a particular device or IP address identified in the filtering database 404.

If the local network management function 401 determines that the packet 418 does have specific performance requirements (e.g., store the data in memory 400, forward to the gateway for transmission to an external device, etc.), the local network management function 401 processes the packet 418 accordingly. Depending on the nature of the specific performance requirements, the processing module 398 may also evoke the bridging function 403 and/or routing function 405 to route the packet 418 to another bridge-routing module 386, to a switch module, and/or locally to another redundant/backup module 392.

Prior to forwarding the packet 418 to another bridge-routing module 386, or switch module, the local network management function 401 may access the network protocol database 408 to determine if a particular type of communication with the other bridge-routing module 386 or switching module is used. For example, most communications within the network fabric will use a default communication protocol (e.g., 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps Ethernet), however, some communications within the network fabric may deviate from the default communication protocol. For instance, between two bridge-routing modules, 10 Gb Ethernet may be used or non-standard speeds such as 200 Mbps, or 2.5 Gbps Ethernet may be used between a particular bridge-routing module 386 and a particular switch module.

As another specific example, the packet 418 may relate to a mission-critical function. In this instance, the processing module 398 accesses the mission-critical database 414 to determine its mission-critical priority level and other routing and/or forwarding aspects and parameters. Based on this information, the local network management function 401 processes the packet 418.

If the packet 418 relates to network data, the processing module 398 accesses the predetermined network topology database 416, which may include a listing of preconfigured spanning tree network topologies. In this instance, the network packet is sent due to a link failure, which requires reconfiguration of the network. By accessing the network topology database 416, the bridge-routing module 386 quickly reconfigures based on the spanning tree network topology selected.

After the processing module 398 has processed the packet 418, the packet egress unit 394 receives the processed packet. Based on information received from the processing module 398, the packet ingress unit 396 places the packet 418 in a queue for subsequent transmission via one of the redundancy-backup modules 392.

FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a packet egress unit 394 and a packet ingress unit 396, which are coupled to the processing module 398. The packet ingress unit 396 includes a plurality of ports, a switching circuit 420, and an ingress buffer 422. The packet egress unit 394 includes a first logical multiplexer 424, one or more packet egress queues, a second logical multiplexer 246, a switching circuit 428, and a plurality of ports.

In an example of operation, the packet ingress unit 396 receives a packet via one of the ports, which are coupled to the redundancy/backup modules. The switching circuit 420, which may include a plurality of switches and a control unit to couple one of the ports to be switching circuit output, outputs the packet to the ingress buffer 422 and to the processing module 398. The processing module 398 interprets the packet to determine its priority within the ingress buffer 422 and to determine its priority within the packet egress unit 394. For example, if the packet is determined to be a high priority packet, the processing module 398 will place the packet at the front of the ingress buffer 422 such that it is the next packet to be provided to the packet egress unit 394.

The first logical multiplexer 424 of the packet egress unit 394 receives a packet from the packet ingress unit 396. Based on a control signal 430 from the processing module 398, the first logical multiplexer 424 routes the packets to one of a plurality of packet egress queues. Each of the packet egress queues may be used for a specific type of packets, or packets having a specific type of content. For example, a first packet egress queue may be used for mission-critical packets, a second packet egress queue may use for vehicle operation packets, a third packet egress queue may be used for entertainment packets, etc. In the alternative, the packet egress unit may omit the first logical multiplexer 424 by using a single packet egress queue.

The processing module 398 controls the packet\'s prioritization placement in the selected queue based on the priority level of the packet. For example, if the packet is a safety related mission-critical packet, it may be placed at the front of the mission critical packet egress queue such that it is the next packet to be outputted by the packet egress unit 394.

With multiple packets in the packet egress queues, the processing module 398 selects one of the packets to be outputted via the second logical multiplexer 426 to the switching circuit 428. For example, the processing module 398 may access one or more of the databases to determine a prioritization scheme to determine the packet having the current highest priority. The packet with the current highest priority is outputted via the second logical multiplexer 428 to the switching circuit 428, which outputs the packet to one of the egress ports.

FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a packet egress unit 394 and a packet ingress unit 396, which are coupled to the processing module 398. The packet ingress unit 396 includes a plurality of ports, a switching circuit 420, a top priority processing unit 432, and an ingress buffer 422. The packet egress unit 394 includes a first logical multiplexer 424, one or more packet egress queues, a second logical multiplexer 426, a switching circuit 428, and a plurality of ports.

In an example of operation, the packet ingress unit 396 receives a packet via one of the ports, which are coupled to the redundancy/backup modules. The switching circuit 420 outputs the packet to the top priority processing unit 432. The top priority processing unit 432 interprets the packet to determine its priority. If the packet is a top priority packet (e.g., a packet of the highest priority), the top priority processing unit 432 forwards the packet directly to the switching circuit 428 of the packet egress unit 394 for immediate transmission via one of the ports. In this instance, if the switching circuit 428 is currently outputting a packet, the top priority packet may interrupt the packet.

In addition, the top priority processing units 432 provides its interpretation of the packets to the processing module 398. For top priority packets, the processing module 398 takes a snapshot of the current ingress buffer 422 and the packet egress queues such that if the top priority interrupts a current packet transmission, the packet transmission may be resumed once the top priority packet has been transmitted. If the current packet is not a top priority packet, the processing module 398 processes it as previously discussed with reference to FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle network link module within a bridge-routing module 396 (and/or it could be within a switching module). The vehicle network link module includes a plurality of network fabric ports 444, a module port (e.g., ingress port 436 and/or egress port 434), a switching circuit 442, and a link manager processing module (e.g., link manager 440 and/or a processing module 438). Each of the interconnecting network fabric ports 444 are coupled via a cable with interconnecting ports 444 of a redundancy/back up module 392 of another bridge-routing module 386 or of a switch module. The ingress port 436 is coupled to the packet ingress unit of the bridge-routing module 386 (or of a switch module) and the egress port 434 is coupled to the packet egress unit of the bridge-routing module 386 (or of a switch module).

In an example of operation, one of the interconnecting ports 444 is active to receive or transmit a packet to/from the other bridge-routing module 386 or to/from a switch module. For inbound packets, the active port provides the packet to the switching circuit 442, which provides the inbound packet to the ingress port 436 for forwarding to the packet ingress unit. For outbound packets, the egress port 434 provides a packet from the packet egress unit to the switching circuit 442, which couples the egress port 434 to the active interconnecting port. The active interconnecting port 444 then outputs the outbound packet.

The link manager 440, alone or in combination with the processing module 438, monitors the “health” of the transmissions and receptions of packets via the active interconnecting port 444. For example, if the data rate of transmissions via the active interconnecting port 444 is lower than a desired threshold due to errors, other factors, or the cable is broken, then the link may be flagged as being in a degenerative state. If the degenerative state compares unfavorably to a threshold, the link manager 440 may deactivate the current active interconnecting port and activate another interconnecting port 444.

In addition to monitoring the health of a link, the link manager 440 also determines a use mode such as backup transmissions and/or backup receptions of packets via a second interconnecting port 444. In this instance, the link manager 440 communicates with the switching circuit 442 to enable multiple interconnecting ports 444 to be coupled to the egress port 434 or to the ingress port 436 such that parallel transmissions of a packet or parallel receptions of the packets may occur. The link manager 440 also indicates which of the links is the primary link and which is the backup link. Typically, packets will be processed via the primary link. If, however, the primary link has a failure (e.g., an unacceptable degenerative state or is broken), the packet can be processed from the backup link without loss of data.

The link manager 440 is further operable to support various network protocols as established by the processing module 438. For example, if the processing module 438 issues a control signal to change the coupling to a difference bridge-routing module 386, the link manager 440 of the current redundancy/backup module 382 deactivates the interconnecting port 444, or ports, and a link manager 440 of another redundancy/backup module 382 activates one or more interconnecting ports 444 to connect to the new bridge-routing module 386. Note that the redundancies/backup modules 392 of a bridge-routing module 386 may each have its own link manager 440, may share a common link manager 440, or a link manager 440 may support a subset of the redundancy/backup modules 392.

In another example of operation, the link manager processing module determines that the packet conveyance via a network link has degenerated below the threshold due to data bandwidth of a communication medium coupling the active network fabric port to a corresponding active network fabric port of the other vehicle network fabric link module being below a desired data bandwidth level. In other words, the link cannot support the data rate that is currently being requested to transmit. In this instance, the link manager processing module changes the use mode to an aggregation mode such that the active network fabric port and the new active network port are coupled to the port via the switching circuit for aggregate packet transmissions. In this manner, two or more connections are used in parallel to convey packets between the bridge routing modules and/or switch modules.

The link manager processing module may determine whether vehicle network packet conveyance has degenerated below the threshold in a variety of ways. For example, the manager processing module determines that a communication medium coupling the active network fabric port to a corresponding active network fabric port of the other vehicle network fabric link module is broken (e.g., cable broke, HW failure, SW failure of port). As another example, the link manager processing module determines that the communication medium coupling the active network fabric port to the corresponding active network fabric port of the other vehicle network fabric link module has an undesired bit error rate. In yet another example, the link manager processing module determines that the communication medium coupling the active network fabric port to the corresponding active network fabric port of the other vehicle network fabric link module has a data bandwidth below a desired data bandwidth level.

The link manager 440 may also keep a history of the performance of each link to further aid in network reconfiguration decisions, fast failover decisions, etc. To facilitate tracking the performance of each link, the link manager 440 may periodically test a link during idle times. The link manager 440 may employ a variety of testing techniques to test the performance of the links and may use the performance history of each link and/or port to select the active network port.

While the present illustration of a redundancy/backup module 392 includes one egress port 434, one ingress port 436, and three interconnecting ports 444, each redundancy/backup module 392 may include multiple ingress ports 436, multiple egress ports 434, and/or more or less than three interconnecting ports 444. For example, the redundancy/backup module 392 may include two egress ports 434 and two ingress ports 436 to support concurrent transmission of packets. In this instance, the switching circuit 442 couples two of the interconnecting ports 444 to the two egress ports 434 or to the two ingress ports 436 as directed by the link manager 440.

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an example of a cable failure 446 within a network fabric. The cable failure 446 may result from a physical break of the cable, from significant degeneration of performance of the cable (i.e., an unacceptable degenerative state), a hardware failure within one or both of the bridge-routing modules 386 and/or a software failure within one or both of the bridge-routing modules 386. When a cable failure 446 occurs, the bridge-routing modules 386 select one or more of the other cables 448 to function as the active link.

FIG. 19 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a cable failure within a network fabric by a vehicle network link module. The method begins with the processing module and/or a link manager determining whether a cable failure has occurred 450. When a cable failure is detected, the method continues by determining whether link aggregation 452 (e.g., a use mode in which multiple ports to achieve higher data rates) is currently in use. If not, the method continues by determining whether hot standby 454 (e.g., another use mode in which a backup link is used to convey the same packets as the active link) is active. If hot standby is not active, the processing module and/or link manager activates another port and retransmits any packets that may have been lost due to the link failure 456.

If hot standby is active, the method continues by using the replicated transmission 458 (i.e., the backup transmission). The method continues by setting up a new hot standby link for a newly activated link 460.

If link aggregation is active, the method continues by determining whether each link has an active hot standby 462. When the hot-standby port is not enabled, the link manager processing module determines whether conveyance of a vehicle network packet was corrupted when the vehicle network packet conveyance has degenerated below the threshold. When the conveyance of the vehicle network packet was corrupted, the link manager processing module determines content type of the vehicle network packet (e.g., mission critical, network data, vehicle operation, and/or infotainment). The link manager processing module then determines network traffic conditions (e.g., how congested the network is). The link manager processing module then determines whether to initiate reconveyance the vehicle network packet based on the content type and network traffic conditions. For example, retransmit the packet or request retransmission packet by the other vehicle network fabric link module based on a sliding scale of content type and traffic conditions (e.g., retransmit everything but entertainment under normal traffic conditions, only mission critical packets when network is very busy, etc.). During the retransmission of lost packets of the failed cable, the other link aggregation cable may be in active to allow synchronization to be reestablished.

If hot standby is active for the link aggregation, the method continues by using the replicated transmission for the failed cable 466 (i.e., the backup transmission on the hot standby link). The method continues by setting up a new hot standby for a newly activated link 468.

FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of another example of a link failure 470 (e.g., all cables between modules are in failure) within a network fabric. The link failure 470 may result from a physical break of the cables, from significant degeneration of performance of the cables (i.e., an unacceptable degenerative state), a hardware failure within one or both of the bridge-routing modules 386 and/or a software failure within one or both of the bridge-routing modules 386. When a link failure 470 occurs, the bridge-routing modules 386 select an alternate path in accordance with a pre-determined network topology.

FIG. 21 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a link failure within a network fabric as may be performed by a processing module and/or link manager of a bridge-routing module. The method begins by determining whether a link failure has occurred 472. If yes, the process continues by accessing a network topology database as may be instructed by a network manager 474. In this network, since the network fabric is a semi-static architecture, it allows for a variety of pre-determined configurations to be identified and stored. As such, when a link failure occurs and to avoid loops, a preconfigured network topology may be identified and readily implemented in a very short period of time (e.g., less than a few tens of milliseconds). The network topology database will be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 22-26.

The method continues by selecting an alternate path between the bridge routing modules having the link failure 476. The selection of an alternative path may be based on a variety of decision points. For instance, the network topology database may be organized in a first in first out manner where the configuration in the first entry of the database is used. Alternatively, the decision may be based on which link failed, which bridge-routing modules are involved, network traffic, load balancing, etc. As an example and with reference to FIG. 20, alternative path one may be selected due to one or more of the decision points.

Returning to the discussion of FIG. 21, the method continues by transmitting the alternative path selection to other modules within the network fabric 478. This may be done by the network manager, the processing module of one or more of the bridge-routing modules, or the link manager of one or more of the bridge-routing modules. The method continues by enabling the selected alternative path 480. The method continues by updating the network topology database 482. For example, the selected network topology is now the active network topology and the previous topology is flagged as inactive.

FIG. 22 is an example diagram of a network topology database 484 that includes a plurality of spanning tree configuration entries. A spanning tree configuration entry includes a mapping of interconnections between network nodes, switching modules, and bridge-routing modules of the vehicle communication network. Each configuration is predetermined to avoid loops, and it may be further predetermine to balance loading, reduce packet traffic, and/or allow for more concurrent (e.g., link aggregation, plural virtual LAN with plural spanning tree configurations) packet transmissions.

FIGS. 23-26 are examples of network fabric spanning tree configurations that may be stored in the network topology database. In each of the figures, the solid triple lines represent active links between the modules and the light dashed lines represent inactive links between the modules. In each of these configurations, loops are avoided. Note that the network fabric may include more or less switch modules 388, network node modules 390 and/or bridge-routing modules 386 than illustrated in the figures. Regardless of the number of modules within the network fabric, the network topologies can be predetermined to avoid loops and may further be predetermined for load balancing, reducing packet traffic, and/or for allowing more concurrent packet transmission.

FIG. 27 is a diagram of an embodiment of a modified network frame/packet 486 that includes a preamble field 488, a start of frame field 490, a vehicle network field 492, a destination address field 494, a source address field 496, a type/length field 498, a payload field 500, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field 502 (or frame check field), and it may further include a gap field 504. The preamble 488, start a frame 490, destination address 494, source address 496, type/length 498, payload 500, CRC 502, and gap fields 504 may be similarly formatted to one or more Ethernet protocols.

The vehicle network field 492 may include a variety of information to identify the content type of packet, priority level of the packet, and/or other network related matters. For instance, the vehicle network 492 field may include coding to identify a mission-critical type packet 506, a network type packet 508, a vehicle operation type packet 510, an information/entertainment type packet 512, and/or any other type of packet. The vehicle network field 492 may further include coding to identify sub-type information. For example, the mission-critical type packet 506 may include multiple levels of mission-critical sub-types. For instance, a first level of mission-critical packets are of the most important, a second level of mission-critical packets are of a next level of importance, etc.

As another example, a network type packet 508 may include sub types of device level packets 514, resource level packets 516, network data level packets 518, and/or any other type of network control and/or information packets. As a more specific example, the device level packets 514 may pertain to adding an element (e.g., module, component, device, etc.) to the network, deleting an element from the network, processing a damaged element of the network, updating an element of the network, etc.

A network node module and/or an associated switch module typically generate the content of the vehicle network field 492. For example, when a network node module has a packet to transmit, it may access one or more databases to determine its priority level, the type of network packet, etc. to generate the coding for the vehicle network field 492. Alternatively, the network node module may have the vehicle network field 492 information locally stored for insertion into the packets it produces. As another alternative, the network node module may generate a packet with the vehicle network field 492 blank (e.g., including null information) and the switching module determines the appropriate coding for the vehicle network field 492. The network node modules will be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 41-57 and the switching module will be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 33-40.

In an example of operation, a network node module (which includes a processing module and memory) communicates via the unified vehicle communication network in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol. For instance, the global vehicle network communication protocol (or global vehicle network protocol) prescribes the formatting of frames (or packets), prescribes frame transmission prioritization schemes (e.g., locally managed prioritization schemes, globally managed prioritization schemes), prescribes network management processing (e.g., resource management, network data type management, network configuration management, and/or device management); and/or other vehicle network operation parameters.

To communicate via the unified vehicle communication network (e.g., as discussed with reference to FIGS. 2-13), the processing module of the network node generates a header section of a frame to include a preamble, a vehicle network field, and routing information. The header section may further include a frame length field and a start of frame field.

The routing information includes a source address field and/or a destination address field. In one instance, the source and/or destination field include an Internet protocol (IP) address for the source and/or destination, respectively. For example, each device (e.g., as shown in or more of FIGS. 2-13) may have one or more IP addresses allocated to it. In another instance, the source and/or destination field include a physical device address of the source and/or destination, respectively. For example, each device of the vehicle system has a physical address assigned to it.

The vehicle network field includes information that identifies a type of the frame. For example, the vehicle network filed may include a content type of the frame (e.g., a mission-critical data type, a network data type, a vehicle operation data type, and/or an information/entertainment data type) and/or a priority level of the frame (e.g., top priority or subordinate levels of priority). Note that the processing module may generate the vehicle network field by retrieving frame information (e.g., type, priority, etc.) from the memory, which may store one or more of databases regarding priority level of the frame, type of the frame, coding of the frame.

The vehicle network field may further include one or more levels of sub-type information. For example, there may be several levels for safety (e.g., critical, general, etc.). Other examples are discussed above.

The processing module may alternatively generate the vehicle network field to include null information. In this instance, a module of the vehicle network fabric recognizes the null information and determines, on behalf of the device, the appropriate information for the vehicle network field and populates it accordingly.

The processing module continues generating the frame by generating a payload section. The payload section includes data payload and an integrity check field (e.g., CRC). Once the frame is generated, the processing module transmits it, via a vehicle network interface, to the unified vehicle communication network in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol.

FIG. 28 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network by a bridge-routing module, a switch module, and/or other module of the network fabric in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol. A network management module of the vehicle communication network, which includes a network interface, memory, and a processing module, manages the global vehicle network communication protocol. For example, managing the global vehicle network communication protocol includes instituting a content-based network packet processing protocol and managing the vehicle communication network to support the network packet processing protocol. The content-based network packet processing protocol includes determining and classifying content type of a packet (e.g., mission critical content, network data content, vehicle operation content, and/or infotainment content), determining a processing requirement of the packet, and prioritizing execution of the processing requirement based on the content type.

As another example, the network management module manages packet routing within the vehicle communication network based on a content-based priority scheme and a configuration of the network fabric. Further, the network management module selects the configuration of the network fabric from one of a plurality of predetermined configurations of the network fabric based on vehicle communication network information and manages the vehicle communication network information.

The method begins by receiving a packet 520 and reading the header information of the packet 522. In particular, reading the vehicle network field to determine the type of vehicle network packet 524. The method continues by determining whether the type of packet is a mission critical packet 526. If yes, the method continues by identifying a mission-critical task (e.g., braking, engine control, safety actuation (airbag deployment), transmission control, etc.) 528. The method continues by determining processing requirements for the mission-critical task 530, which will be discussed in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 29-31. The method continues by executing the processing requirements for the mission-critical task 532.

If the vehicle network packet type is not mission-critical, the method continues by determining whether the packet type is network related 534. If yes, the method continues by identifying the particular network task 536 (e.g., update one or more databases, change network configuration, change prioritization, change mutation protocol, etc.). The method continues by determining processing requirements for the particular network task 538, which we describe in greater detail with reference to FIG. 32. The method continues by executing the processing requirements for the network task 540.

If the vehicle network packet type is not network related, the method continues by determining whether the packet type is vehicle operation 542. If yes, the method continues by identifying the particular vehicle operation task 544 (e.g., adjust climates, adjust seat, headlight operation, engine diagnostics, etc.). The method continues by determining processing requirements for the vehicle operation task, which may include forward in the packet, routing the packet, and/or updating tables and/or databases regarding the packet 546. The method continues by executing the processing requirements for the vehicle operation task 548.

If the vehicle network packet type is not vehicle operation, the method continues by determining whether the packet is an information/entertainment packet 550. If yes, the method continues by identifying the particular information/entertainment task 552 (e.g., display audio/video data, store audio/video data, process graphics, etc.). The method continues by determining processing requirements for the particular information/entertainment task, which may include forwarding the packet, routing the packet, and/or updating tables and/or databases regarding the packet 554. The method continues by executing the processing requirements for the information/entertainment task 556.

If the vehicle network packet type is not information/entertainment, the method continues by identifying another task 558. The processing continues by determining processing requirements for the other task 560. The method the method continues by executing the processing requirements for the other task 562.

FIG. 29 is an example diagram of processing a mission critical packet within a vehicle communication network. In this example, a critical safety sensor 566 (e.g., collision detection, driver sensor, etc.) is coupled to the network fabric 564 and provides and input packet to the network fabric 564. A bridge-routing module 386 within the network fabric 564 receives the input packet and performs the methods of FIGS. 28 and 30 to determine that the input packet is a mission-critical packet. In addition, the bridge-routing module 386 determines the destination of the mission-critical packet and routes it thereto.

In this example, the destination of the mission-critical packet is a critical safety processing module 568. Upon receiving the mission-critical packet, the critical safety processing module 568 performs a function to generate one or more output packets. In this example, the critical safety processing module 568 is generating multiple output packets, which are provided to the network fabric 564.

The bridge-routing module 386 within the network fabric 564 receives the output packets and processes them in accordance with the methods of FIGS. 28 and 31 to determine their destinations. Based on this processing, the bridge-routing module 386 routes the packets to the corresponding destinations. The destinations may be a plurality of actuators such as a brake actuator, an airbag actuator, a transmission adjust actuator, and/or any other actuator that performs a safety function.

FIG. 30 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a mission critical packet in the vehicular communication network. The method begins by receiving a packet 570 and identifying it as an input mission-critical packet 572. This may be done by interpreting the identity of the source, the identity of the destination, and/or interpreting the vehicle network field. For example, if the source is a collision detection sensor, packets that it generates are, by default, determined to be mission-critical.

The method continues by determining whether the received packet is from the source of the packet or from another bridge-routing module 574. If the packet is from the source, the method continues by determining whether the packet includes the mission critical type identifier in the vehicle network field of the packet 576. If not, the bridge-routing module adds the mission-critical type identifier to the packet, which may be done by a database lookup process 578.

With the mission-critical type identifier in the packet, the method continues by determining the mission-critical packet prioritization 580. This can be done by accessing a prioritization database based on the source, destination the type of mission-critical task, or a combination thereof. The level of prioritization for the mission-critical packet may be an interrupt level (i.e., interrupt the transmission of the current packet for the mission-critical packet), placing the mission-critical packet at the front of a first in first out queue, transmitting the packets via dedicated bandwidth to another bridge-routing module and/or to a switch module, or broadcasting the packet over the network, which may be done in an override manner or when the network is available.