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Modulation of immune response and methods based thereonRelated Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, LymphokineModulation of immune response and methods based thereon description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070172450, Modulation of immune response and methods based thereon. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to methods for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular and allergic diseases and disorders, methods for inhibiting the growth of, or reducing the volume of, a solid tumor, as well as methods for preventing progression to AIDS in an HIV-positive human, by administering a peptide derived from T-cell receptors, or a derivative of the peptide. The present invention also relates to peptides derived from T-cell receptors, and derivatives of such peptides, which are useful in such methods. 2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] The immune response is a complex and dynamic process initiated by infection, autoantigens, tumor-associated antigens and transplantation that involves antigen presenting cells (macrophages or dendritic cells), antigen-specific thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) that can be further discriminated into helper or cytotoxic T-cells, and antibody forming cells of the B cell lineage. The helper T cells can be further differentiated into subsets termed Th1 that produce mostly interferon-.gamma. (IFN-.gamma.), or interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Th2 cells that produce mainly interleukin-4 (IL-4) or interleukin-5 (IL-5). The Th1 cells function predominantly in inflammatory reactions, where they recruit macrophages and other non-lymphoid cell types in the destruction of infectious agents. The Th2-type cells help principally in the production of antibodies through interactions with B cells, and this role predisposes to the development of asthma and allergic reactivity because of the generation of the reagenic antibody IgE (Wills-Karp, 1999, Ann. Rev. Immunol. 17:255-81). [0003] The complex interactions among the distinct cell types are regulated by the secreted cytokines, and it is now recognized that functional balance between the two subsets of T-cells is important for normal immunity (Romagnani, 1997, Immunology Today 18: 263-266; Infante-Duarte et al., 1999, Immunopathol. 21:317-338). The definition of Th1 and Th2 helper T cells is an operational one based on expression of cytokines considered characteristic of the individual subsets, although non-lymphoid cells can produce certain essential cytokines. Often, both Th1 and Th2 responses are ongoing in particular infections, especially at later stages. Th1-type responses are generally protective against intracellular parasites; whereas extra cellular parasites are better counteracted by so-called Th0 T-cells producing both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, thus generating both cellular and humoral immunity. Optimal protection against metazoan parasites such as helminths is apparently conferred by Th2 responses. Th2-type responses favor HIV progression by allowing enhanced HIV replication in CD4.sup.+ T-cells, and a strong imbalance between Th1 and Th2-type cytokine production is observed in mice infected with defective leukemia virus, the so-called MAIDS model (Watson et al., 1995, J. Immunol. 155:2282-2291; U.S. Pat. No. 5,911,990 to Marchalonis et al.). [0004] Polarized or unbalanced allergen-specific Th2 responses are responsible for initial triggering of allergic inflammation in atopic subjects. In general, polarization of Th1/Th2 cytokine expression induced by interaction of the pathogen with the host can lead to situations destructive to the host; i.e., the Th1-Th2 shift in MAIDS. However, correction of the imbalance can restore beneficial protection to the infected animal. Th1-dependent protection and Th2-mediated susceptibility is found in the response to the intracellular parasite Leishmania, and in leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. [0005] Thus, it would be beneficial to have compositions and methods for maintaining proper immune system functioning, i.e., proper amounts and ratios of cytokine production, in the presence of an underlying pathogenic condition. One molecule that provides for the proper functioning of the immune system and suppression of progression to AIDS in an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus-infected individual is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,911,990 to Marchalonis et al. The molecule is a peptide that is derived from the T cell-receptor and has the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1). This peptide was shown to suppress progression to AIDS and normalize aberrant Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in individuals infected with an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus. [0006] Citation of a reference in this or in any section of the specification shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is prior art to the present invention. 3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0007] The present invention is directed to a T-cell receptor (TCR)-derived peptide, or a derivative of the peptide, and methods for their use. The TCR-derived peptide of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO:15). [0008] The present invention is also directed to a derivative of the foregoing peptides of SEQ ID NOS:1-15. Such derivative peptides include those in which one or more amino acid residue has been replaced by a similar amino acid, residue, or the corresponding D-isomer, or by a non-naturally occurring amino acid residue. Other derivative peptides include cyclic derivatives of the peptides and chemical derivatives of the peptides of SEQ ID NOS:1-15. Other derivatives also include dual peptides or multimer peptides consisting of the same or of different peptides of SEQ ID NOS:1-1 5, wherein the peptides are covalently linked to one another directly or through a spacer. Other derivatives include those peptides which have insertions or deletions relative to the peptides of SEQ ID NOS:1-15. [0009] The present invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a peptide of the present invention, or a derivative thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical compositions are used, e.g., as promoters of Th1 cytokine production and/or inhibitors of Th2 cytokine production in an individual animal, preferably a mammal, including a human. [0010] The present invention is also directed to methods for the use of a T-cell receptor derived peptide, or a derivative thereof, to increase production of at least one Th1 cytokine and/or decrease production of at least one Th2 cytokine, comprising administering a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO:15), or a derivative thereof, to an individual, in an amount sufficient to increase production of at least one Thr cytokine and/or decrease production of at least one Th2 cytokine. [0011] The present invention is also directed to methods for increasing production of at least one Th1 cytokine or decreasing production of at least one Th2 cytokine in an individual free of infection with an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus comprising administering a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO: 15), or a derivative thereof, to an individual free of infection with an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus in an amount sufficient to increase production of at least one Th1 cytokine or decrease production of at least one Th2 cytokine. [0012] The present invention is also directed to methods for the use of a peptide or a derivative thereof for the prevention of progression to, or delay the onset of, AIDS in an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus infected individual, e.g., an HIV-infected human, comprising administering a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO:15), or a derivative thereof, to an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus infected individual, in an amount sufficient to arrest the development of immune dysfunction or cytokine dysregulation, which allows such retrovirus infections to immunologically weaken the host, i.e., to prevent progression to, or delay the onset of, AIDS. [0013] The present invention also provides methods for reversing the deleterious effects of infection with an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus, e.g., HIV, comprising administering a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ED NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO:15), or a derivative thereof, to an individual infected with an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus, in an amount sufficient to reverse the deleterious effects of immunodeficiency-type retrovirus infection. [0014] Methods of suppressing progression to immune dysfunction and cytokine dysregulation caused by HIV infection in an individual are also provided in the present invention, said method comprising administering a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO:15), or a derivative thereof, to an individual infected with HIV in an amount sufficient to suppress or delay progression to immune dysfunction and cytokine dysregulation. [0015] Moreover, methods for preventing immunosuppression and cytokine dysregulation induced by infection with an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus are also provided in the present invention, said method comprising administering to an individual infected with an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO: 15), or a derivative thereof, in an amount sufficient to prevent immunosuppression and cytokine dysregulation induced by infection with an immunodeficiency-type retrovirus. [0016] The present invention is also directed to methods for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease or disorder of the cardiovascular system, comprising administering a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO:15), or a derivative thereof, to an individual in need thereof, in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat a disease or disorder of the cardiovascular system. [0017] Illustrative disease and disorders of the cardiovascular system which can be ameliorated, prevented or treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerotic heart disease, reperfusion injury, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, thrombus formation, and retrovirus-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. [0018] The present invention is also directed to methods for the prevention and/or treatment of an allergic disease or disorder characterized by increased IgE production, comprising administering a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO: 1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO: 11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO: 12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO: 13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO:15), or a derivative thereof, to an individual in need thereof, in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat an allergic disease or disorder in which the disease or disorder is characterized by increased IgE production. [0019] Illustrative examples of such allergic diseases and disorders characterized by increased IgE production include, but are not limited to, allergy, asthma, delayed hypersensitivity, septic shock, and anaphylactic shock. [0020] The present invention is also directed to methods for inhibiting the growth of a solid tumor or reducing the volume of a solid tumor, comprising administering a peptide selected from the group consisting of peptide comprising the amino acid sequence Cys Lys Pro Ile Ser Gly His Asn Ser Leu Phe Trp Tyr Arg Gln Thr (SEQ ID NO:1), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Arg Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:2), Leu Lys Ile Gln Pro Ser Glu Pro Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:3), Leu Thr Ile Gln Arg Thr Gln Gln Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:4), Leu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ala Ser Thr Asn Gln Thr Ser Met Tyr Leu Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:5), Leu Thr Val Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:6), Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala (SEQ ID NO:7), Phe Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:8), Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:9), Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Ser (SEQ ID NO:10) and Leu Thr Ile Asn Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln (SEQ ID NO:11), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:12), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:13), Ala Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Leu Thr Val Val (SEQ ID NO:14), and Thr Phe Gly Xaa Gly Thr Yaa, wherein Xaa is any amino acid and Yaa is Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, His or other charged amino acid molecule (SEQ ID NO:15), or a derivative thereof, to an individual in need thereof, in an amount sufficient to inhibit the growth of, or reduce the volume of, the solid tumor. [0021] Solid tumors include, but are not limited to sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas or other solid tumor cancers, such as germ line tumors and tumors of the central nervous system, including, but not limited to, breast cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, astrocytoma, glioma, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma. Continue reading about Modulation of immune response and methods based thereon... Full patent description for Modulation of immune response and methods based thereon Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Modulation of immune response and methods based thereon patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. 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