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Mixtures and methods for the induction of resistance in plantsRelated Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Designated Organic Active Ingredient Containing (doai), Peptide Containing (e.g., Protein, Peptones, Fibrinogen, Etc.) Doai, Cyclopeptides, 3 Or 4 Peptide Repeating Units In Known Peptide ChainMixtures and methods for the induction of resistance in plants description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070173459, Mixtures and methods for the induction of resistance in plants. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] The present invention relates to mixtures and methods for inducing resistance in plants. [0002] The induction of resistance in plants is a method for controlling diseases, which is of growing interest as it is based on the amplification of a natural process already present in plants by means of the application of products which, in themselves, can also have next to little or no bioactivity. [0003] The natural defence process of plants comprises a complex network of messengers, regulators and genes which provide a large number of responses, said network being defined as an Innate Plant Defence (IPD) network. The functioning of this process is influenced by a number of factors which cannot always be easily controlled. Consequently, one of the problems associated with the induction of resistance in plants is the onset of undesirable effects which economically damage the crop. Large necrosed areas can in fact appear, which reduce the yield of the harvest and/or its economical value. [0004] A possible response of the innate plant defence network does in fact envisage that the plants can synthesize biocide agents with various action mechanisms and morphologically modify the cellular structure, even as far as decreeing the death of the cell (necrosis of the vegetable tissue). [0005] Abiotic stress factors (for example extreme temperatures, drought, salinity), which are not directly connected to phytopathogen infections, can also interfere with the IPD network. [0006] Salicylic acid (SA) plays a key role in IPD. The starting or interruption of a specific IPD, in fact, in addition to the qualitative and quantitative modulation of its response, are an indication of the SA level in vegetable tissues. It has also been recognised that SA is both the switch of a local response and also that of a specific Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) which is thought to cause the expression of at least 10 pathogenesis-related proteins (PR). As each of these responses shows a different action mechanism, the induction of plant defence is considered an important means for the anti-resistance strategy (M. Lodovica Gullino, Pierre Leroux and Constance M. Smith, Crop Protection, Vol. 19 (1) (2000) pages 1-11). [0007] The invasion of a vegetable on the part of a phyto-pathogen stimulates the increase in the SA content which therefore induces the self-defence of the plant against the continuation of the infection underway and allows the infection to be controlled, a control which, however, not always reaches an acceptable level. On the other hand, it is known that the addition of exogenic SA, or a functional analogous product, allows a better, and at times, total control of the oncoming infection, by stimulating preventive responses. [0008] Single products are currently known--salicylic acid and its derivatives, acetyl salicylic acid and its derivatives, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), S-methyl ester of benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazolyl-7-thiocarboxylic acid (BTH)--which, however, have a limited practical use as they are not able to exert an always reliable control of the disease. [0009] This problem can also arise in genetically modified organisms (GMO), wherein the modification consists in maintaining an SA threshold sufficient for constantly alerting the self-defence mechanisms mediated by the same. [0010] The use of salicylic acid or its functional analogous products, however, can cause undesired side-effects which negatively influence the quality and quantity of the treated crop. These effects are one of the causes which have not allowed a wide exploitation of resistance induction in plants in agronomical practice. [0011] The Applicant has already previously found that salicylic acid, or its functional derivatives, have a synergetic effect with products having a direct fungicidal activity. In particular, inorganic copper compounds, known in the art and already on the market, have already been patented, which have an efficacious synergetic effect with cupric salts of derivatives of salicylic acid, as claimed in international patent application PCT/EP02/12982. [0012] The Applicant has now surprisingly found that certain products which have a scarce or non-existent direct fungicidal activity, when in a mix with salicylic acid or its functional derivatives, are capable of amplifying the activity, also potentially increasing, however, the risk of undesired side-effects. [0013] The Applicant has also found that the addition of specific compounds allows a surprising minimization or absence of the above undesired effects to be obtained. [0014] The Applicant has therefore found blends and an applicative method which allow the agronomic use of IPD in an efficient and safe way, by optionally combining the components of the mixture according to the necessity of amplifying the response and/or obtaining a defence without undesired effects. [0015] An object of the present invention consequently relates to a blend comprising two or more compounds selected from at least two of the following groups: [0016] i) salicylic acid and/or its functional analogous products (ESA), [0017] ii) promoting compounds (PRO) and [0018] iii) modulating compounds (MOD). [0019] An object of the present invention is also the use of a blend comprising two or more compounds selected from two of the following groups: [0020] i) salicylic acid and/or its functional analogous products (ESA), [0021] ii) promoting compounds (PRO) and [0022] iii) modulating compounds (MOD), for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants and induce resistance in the plant itself. [0023] An object of the present invention also relates to the use of two or more compounds selected from at least two of the following groups: one or more compounds belonging to the ESA group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the PRO group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the MOD group, wherein ESA, PRO and MOD have the meanings specified above, applied singly, by means of applicative programs which envisage alternating application, to stimulate the natural defence systems of plants and to induce resistance in plants. [0024] The use of various products for each single group allows the different physico-chemical characteristics of each product to be better exploited, so as to provide specific pharmacokinetics to better modulate its action and make the technology, object of the present invention, more efficient. [0025] The blends thus obtained have such properties as to enable the resistance induction mechanism in plants to be exploited in agronomic practice, thus providing an extremely economically valid and reliable method also under environmental conditions which can cause abiotic stress to the plant (extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, etc.). [0026] A further object of the present invention therefore relates to a method for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants and inducing resistance in plants, which includes the application of two or more compounds selected from at least two of the following groups: one or more compounds belonging to the ESA group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the PRO group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the MOD group, wherein ESA, PRO and MOD have the meanings specified above, both in a blend with each other or singly, by means of applicative programs which envisage their alternating application. [0027] The method for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants, according to the present invention, is particularly advantageous as it allows the protective activity to be amplified and minimizes the phytotoxic effects associated with the above-mentioned mechanisms, called hypersensitive responses (HR) and providing a significant benefit to the vegetable, which thus remains "immunised" as a whole and more resistant to pathogen agents and various forms of abiotic stress. [0028] In particular the promoting compounds defined PRO, when applied in a mix with salicylic acid or its functional analogous products ESA (exogenous "salicylic acid") according to the present invention, are capable of providing a synergetic effect, responsible for a surprising amplification of the biocide activity with respect to phytopathogen agents, much higher than the activity expected, as estimated by means of the Limpel formula. [0029] ESA compounds include: salicylic acid, a derivative of salicylic acid and/or a mimetic compound of salicylic acid, or products which exert an analogous function in the plant in the induction process of systemic acquired resistance (SAR, review Ryals et al, 1996 Plant Cell vol. 8, pages 1809- 1819) mediated by salicylic acid. [0030] More specifically, the ESA compound of group i) can have the meaning of: Continue reading about Mixtures and methods for the induction of resistance in plants... Full patent description for Mixtures and methods for the induction of resistance in plants Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Mixtures and methods for the induction of resistance in plants patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. 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