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  Method of solid fuel combustion intensificationUSPTO Application #: 20080044781Title: Method of solid fuel combustion intensification Abstract: Technical result: introduction of the catalyst in the combustion zone minimizes energy expenditure for creation of the low-temperature plasma, allows to increase the temperature in the combustion zone, to reduce activation energy of all endothermic processes taking place at the initial phase of combustion and to reduce carbon content in the ash and to achieve considerable fuel economy. The substance of the invention consists in the combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the electric field by means of the catalyst located in the combustion zone and to which high voltage is applied, which results in reduction of activation energies of all endothermic combustion phases due to the formation of oxygen atoms, carbon radicals and oxygen-containing radicals. (end of abstract) Agent: Striker, Striker & Stenby - Huntington, NY, US Inventors: Hennadiy Stepanovych Stolyarenko, Vitalii Mykolayovych Viazovik, Oleh Volodymyrovych Vodianyk, Yuriy Danylovych Martsinyshyn, Gennadii Jurievych Badko USPTO Applicaton #: 20080044781 - Class: 431268 (USPTO) The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20080044781. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001]The method relates to the power engineering, metallurgy, and namely, to the solid fuel combustion: coal, peat, wood. [0002]The process of solid fuel combustion is well known. So far, a considerable number of methods of solid fuel intensification are known. One of the methods consists in combustion intensification by increasing oxygen concentration in the flame, resulting in increasing of atoms and oxygen-containing radicals in the combustion zone. [0003]The method of oxygen-convector steel melting is known (see Kazakov N. F., Osokin A. M., Sishkova A. P. Technology of metals and other structural materials, 1975-688 p.). The substance of this method consists in the iron oxygen blow through the lance. During the high-temperature mass oxygen blowing oxidation of hardly oxidized additives is achieved. The highest oxidation of additives takes place at the oxygen jet-metal interface. [0004]The disadvantages consist in the use of a precious oxidizer, unproductive oxidizer losses due to a large oxygen breakthrough, necessity of obtaining the oxidizer using additional complex and metal consuming technology. [0005]The known from the literature method of intensification of the chemical catalytic heterophase processes by processing catalysis zone with the electric discharge (certificate of authorship No. 1036347, cl. B 01 D35/06/B 01 D 51/00. [0006]Electrical filter Apr. 30, 1982, and Stolyarenko H. S. Mechanism of chemical radical reactions in heterophase ozone systems H.sub.2O--O.sub.3--O.sub.2--Nox-SO.sub.2//Bulletin of Cherkassy engineering-technology institute--No 3--1999--pp. 81-85). Influence of the electrical discharge on chemical heterophase processes results in the possibility of reactions taking place at temperatures 300 to 500 degrees lower as compared without the influence, which is explained by an additional electron, wave, light activation of process in addition to the temperature activation. [0007]The disadvantages are that the technology was studied at low concentrations of the reacting components which leads to increase of expenditure of energy for generation of the electric discharge. [0008]Method of flame intensification and control" (Pat. No. 2125682 Russia, MKI F 23 No. 005/00 F 236005/00) was chosen as a prototype. [0009]The method of combustion intensification consists in processing the flame with a strong longitudinal electric field (2 kV/cv and more) and a strong transversal electric field rotated, for instance, by means of a three-phase electrode system and a three-phase high-voltage source. The method comprises also operation of the flame height measurement and its other parameters, change of the interelectrode distance of the longitudinal field application to the flame with the simultaneous field intensity control. The method allows also to rotate the flame by the transversal electric field which increases the mixing and fuel-air reduction degree and additionally enhances the combustion. The proposed new operation of electrostatic fuel introduction in the combustion zone by the longitudinal electric field to the molecular level additionally enhances the flame combustion process and decreases fuel consumption. The method allows also to control the flame geometry, temperature and heat conduction thereof by the variation of geometry and electric parameters of the above said electric fields, for instance, to focus the flame which is sufficient, for instance, for heat treatment of metals and alloys. [0010]The disadvantages are high specific power inputs decreasing power efficiency of the process, necessity of fuel mixing and electrostatic atomization, complexity of combustion process regulation. [0011]The invention is aimed to add to the thermal component of the combustion process activation an electron, wave, light, electrocatalytic activation in order to achieve maximum degree of carbon burning from the solid fuel. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0012]The essence of the invention is based on the in the fuel-air mixture combustion in the electric field by means of a catalyst located in the combustion zone to which a high voltage is applied, resulting in decrease of activation energies of all endothermic phases of combustion due to creation of oxygen atoms, carbon radicals and oxygen-containing radicals. [0013]The aim is achieved by overlapping discharge zone, combustion zone and electron-catalytic processes of the synthesis of the low-temperature plasma generated between two electrodes by applying high voltage to the electrodes, the electrodes being made of variable valency metals or their oxides, or other conductive material with the catalyst applied. The voltage at the electrodes is within 5 to 20 kV. [0014]The comparative analysis with the prototype allows making a conclusion that the claimed solution differs from the prototype by the creation of the low-temperature plasma and electrocatalytic processes in the combustion zone. This leads to the approach of speeds of thermodestruction and electrocatalytic destruction of carbon and hydrocarbons which are desorbed from the coal; to the increase of the rates of oxidation of the carbon-bearing compounds to the carbon dioxide and water, owing to a high concentration of oxygen-containing radicals, to the increase of the carbon burning degree from the solid fuel and economy of the solid fuel. As the catalytic plasma and oxidation processes are brought in one zone, compared to the prototype the energy expenditures are decreased by three orders, which allows achieving a high specific economy of fuel. The fuel expenditures for creation of low-temperature plasma do not exceed 2 to 5% of the energy effect obtained according to the proposed method. [0015]The method of combustion consists in the following. [0016]The method by its essence is composed of the physical and thermochemical phases. Fuel grinding, fuel and air transport to the combustion zone, fuel and air mixing and combustion in the combustion chamber of different design are made. Intensification of the combustion process according to the prototype using the electric field relates to the mixing and combustion zone. Intensification of the claimed method relates to the combustion zone where combustion processes, oxidation radical processes, fuel catalytic activation are brought together. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0017]The proposed technical solution is explained by the drawings: [0018]FIG. 1--installation diagram; [0019]FIG. 2--comparative dependence of the temperature variation of the heat-transfer medium. [0020]The flowchart of the FIG. 1 comprises: 1--combustion chamber; 2--fuel combustion zone; 3--electrothermal ignition tube of the fuel-air mixture; 4--reservoir with heated water; 5--bottom grate; 6--thermostatic insulation; 7--high-voltage electrode; 8--power supply; 9--ground. 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