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Method for analysis of single pulse pressure wavesRelated Patent Categories: Surgery, Diagnostic Testing, Via Monitoring A Plurality Of Physiological Data, E.g., Pulse And Blood PressureMethod for analysis of single pulse pressure waves description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070276204, Method for analysis of single pulse pressure waves. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] This application is a Divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 10/613,122 filed on Jul. 7, 2003, and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 120; and this application claims priority of Application No. 60/422,111 filed in United States on Oct. 30, 2002 and Application No. PCT/NO03/00229 under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119; the entire contents of all are hereby incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] Monitoring of pressures within human body cavities has an important role in diagnosis and management of a large number of diseases and clinical conditions. The present invention relates to a method for analyzing pressure signals derivable from pressure measurements on or in a body of a human being or animal, comprising the steps of sampling said signals at specific intervals, and converting the pressure signals into pressure-related digital data with a time reference. [0004] Further, the present invention relates to a system for analyzing pressure-signals derivable from pressure measurements on or in a body of a human being or animal. [0005] More specifically, the invention relates to a method and a system as defined in the preamble of attached independent claims 1 and 49. [0006] 2. Related Art [0007] Continuous monitoring of pressures in humans and animals has a widespread place. During continuous pressure monitoring, today's existing technology, not the inventive technology (hereafter referred to as conventional or current technology) calculates a mean or area under curve of several seconds of pressure recordings. For example, for a given time sequence of 6 seconds, mean pressure may be computed as the sum of all pressure sample levels divided by the numbers of samples. Most modern monitors update the calculated pressure value each 5-10 seconds. Thereby information within the single waves is lost. Whether or not the mean pressure corresponds to single pressure waves during said time sequence is not known. Therefore, absolute numbers of systolic, mean and diastolic pressures shown on the scope of vital signs monitors do not reveal single wave distribution. The basis for this praxis is the assumption of a linear relationship between mean pressure and amplitude of the single waves. [0008] There are several problems with the current strategies of assessing continuous pressure recordings. Current technology uses calibration of pressures against a zero pressure level, usually the atmospheric pressure. This situation raises various problems, such as drift of zero pressure level during a period of recording. Differences in absolute zero pressure levels may cause false or inaccurate differences in pressures between different pressure recordings, making it difficult to compare pressure curves. Other causes of erroneous continuous pressure recordings are sensor failure, misplacement of pressure sensor, low quality of sensor signals related to movement of patient, and low signal-noise ratio of other reasons. Whether the quality of pressure signals is good or bad may be difficult to decide according to current strategies of assessing continuous pressure signals. The present invention aims at solving these problems, introducing a new strategy of analysis of pressure related digital data, including assessment of the single pressure waves. [0009] A continuous pressure signal fluctuates over time related to the cardiac beats. In the human or animal body cavities, single pressure waves are built up from the waves created by each of the cardiac pulsation's. For example, the intracranial and arterial blood pressure waves are intimately related as the intracranial pressure waves arise from the contractions of the left cardiac ventricle. Each heart beat results in a pulse pressure wave, termed single pressure wave. Related to the cardiac beats, these waves have a diastolic minimum pressure and a subsequent systolic maximum pressure. When it has not previously been possible to take the knowledge of single wave parameters into daily clinical practice, this situation is related to the facts that heart rate is variable, single waves fluctuate a lot over time, and the inter-individual variation is large. So-called spectrum analysis or Fourier analysis assesses fluctuations in pressure, but not by analyzing the single pressure waves. [0010] Non-invasive pressure monitoring is partially established for blood pressure and ocular pressure monitoring, though no methods or devices allows for continuous single wave monitoring with identification of single wave distribution. In particular, applanation tonometry is a non-invasive method for intraocular pressure measurement, blood pressure measurement, and measurements of intracranial pressure in infants. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0011] There are a number of human or animal body cavities in which pressures may be recorded for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. For example, pressures in a human or animal body cavity relate to arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, ocular pressure, urinary tract pressure, gastrointestinal tract pressure. The present invention primarily was designed for analysis of pressure signals derivable from monitoring of single waves in blood vessels, the intracranial compartment, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system, the ocular bulb and the urinary tract and bladder. These cavities represent, however, no limitation in the context of the invention. Other cavities may be the esophageal tract, the anal canal, and others not specified. Thus, this invention is not limited to analysis of pressures from only some particular human or animal body cavities, as the invention relates to a generic method for analysis of pressure derivable signals. [0012] This invention relates to analysis of continuous pressure related signals. Such pressure related data may be derived from a variety of pressure sensors and pressure transducers. Independent of the type of sensor, a continuous pressure signal is measured, providing the opportunity for sampling of single waves. Examples of such sensors are solid or fiber-optic mechanical sensors for invasive monitoring, and sensors for invasive monitoring of pressure within a fluid system such as arterial or venous blood vessels, cerebrospinal fluid, or urinary bladder/tract. There are various other types of sensors providing signals indicative of pressures. Examples are sensors for non-invasive measurement of blood pressure, using principles of Doppler technology, or measurement of oxygen saturation, and non-invasive measurements of intracranial pressure using Doppler technology or acoustic signals. The most well-known principle of non-invasive pressure monitoring uses the principles of applanation tonometry. For example, applanation tonometry is used for monitoring of fontanel pressure in infants, and ocular pressure and arterial blood pressure. The unique with the present invention is the opportunity for determining single wave distribution by more optimal detection of single pressure waves using the inventive method of analyzing single pressure waves. [0013] More specifically, the method according to the invention is inventive, wherein for selectable time sequences the method further comprises the steps of a) identifying from said digital data single pressure waves, related to cardiac beat-induced pressure waves, b) computing time sequence parameters of said single pressure waves during individual of said time sequences, c) establishing an analysis output selected from one or more of said time sequence parameters of said single pressure waves during the individual of said time sequences: c1)--absolute mean pressure for each identified single pressure wave (wavelength Pmin-Pmin) within said time sequence, c2)--mean of mean pressure for all identified single pressure waves (wavelength Pmin-Pmin) within said time sequence, c3)--standard deviation of absolute mean pressure for all identified single pressure waves (wavelength Pmin-Pmin) within said time sequence, c4)--numbers of single pressure waves during said time sequence, c5)--single pressure wave derived heart rate during said time sequence, c6)--relative pressure amplitude (.DELTA.P) value for each identified single pressure wave (wavelength Pmin-Pmin) within said time sequence, Continue reading about Method for analysis of single pulse pressure waves... 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