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Method and apparatus for computerized surgeryRelated Patent Categories: Surgery, Endoscope, With Guide Means For Body InsertionMethod and apparatus for computerized surgery description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070093689, Method and apparatus for computerized surgery. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/004,436, filed Dec. 3, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/948,940, filed on Sep. 7, 2001, which claims benefit of 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) of Israeli Patent Application Nos. 115168, filed Sep. 4, 1995; 128861, filed Mar. 7, 1999, and 128981, filed Mar. 14, 1999. The disclosure of each such application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety where appropriate for teachings of additional or alternative details, features, and/or technical background, and priority is asserted from each. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to the treatment of spinal disorders generally and more particularly to apparatus and techniques for treatment of spinal disorders. The present invention may also have applicability to other types of surgery employing cannulae. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] There exist in the U.S. patent literature a substantial collection of patents relating to apparatus and techniques for treatment of spinal disorders. The following U.S. patents are believed to represent the state of the art: U.S. Pat. Nos. D377,527; D377,096; D377,095; 5,772,661; 5,766,254; 5,755,732; 5,741,261; 5,741,253; 5,735,899; 5,735,852; 5,733,284; 5,730,706; 5,728,127; 5,728,098; 5,728,097; 5,725,582; 5,720,751; 5,720,748; 5,718,877; 5,718,240; 5,716,415; 5,716,357; 5,704,936; 5,702,455; 5,702,449; 5,702,395; 5,702,393; 5,700,292; 5,700,291; 5,700,239; 5,697,929; 5,697,889; 5,690,629; 5,688,274; 5,688,273; 5,688,272; 5,683,464; 5,683,390; 5,676,703; 5,676,701; 5,676,665; 5,675,850; 5,674,296; 5,674,295; 5,672,175; 5,669,909; 5,667,506; 5,665,122; 5,662,686; 5,658,335; 5,653,708; 5,651,789; 5,649,945; 5,647,872; 5,645,598; 5,645,084; 5,643,329; 5,643,263; 5,643,262; 5,643,260; 5,643,259; 5,634,925; 5,634,891; 5,630,816; 5,630,802; 5,624,442; 5,624,441; 5,620,458; 5,618,315; 5,611,800; 5,609,636; 5,609,635; 5,609,592; 5,599,287; 5,599,279; 5,593,409; 5,593,407; 5,591,235; 5,591,165; 5,584,831; 5,571,102; 5,562,736; 5,562,663; 5,562,662; 5,558,674; 5,556,428; 5,549,607; 5,545,166; 5,545,163; 5,540,690; 5,536,268; 5,534,030; 5,534,002; 5,531,745; 5,527,314; 5,522,899; 5,520,690; 5,520,687; 5,505,732; 5,499,983; 5,498,263; 5,498,262; 5,498,233; 5,496,281; 5,489,308; 5,476,464; 5,476,463; 5,476,462; 5,474,555; 5,454,551; 5,458,638; 5,454,812; 5,443,514; 5,439,463; 5,437,669; 5,415,661; 5,415,659; 5,413,576; 5,403,314; 5,390,683; 5,383,884; 5,363,841; 5,314,432; 5,306,309; 5,306,307; 5,306,275; 5,282,862; 5,279,310; 5,267,999; 5,261,913; 5,261,912; 5,261,910; 5,258,019; 5,209,751; 5,112,332; 5,090,758; 5,059,193; 4,854,304; 4,836,196; 4,759,769; 4,714,469; 4,686,970; 4,573,454; 4,445,513; 4,401,112; 4,085,744; 4,047,524; 4,041,939. [0004] The current state of the art relating to lumbar disc surgery is described in Current and Future Approaches to Lumbar Disc Surgery (A Literature Review) By C. H. Alleyne Jr. and G. E. Rodts Jr. Medscape Orthopedics & Sports Medicine which appears on the Internet on http://www.medscape.com/Medscape/OrthoSportsMed/1997/v01.n11;mos30518/07/- 98mos3, as well as in the references cited therein. The disclosures of all patent and literature references, mentioned in this Background of the Invention section, are hereby incorporated by reference. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] The present invention seeks to provide improved apparatus and techniques for treatment of spinal disorders. The present invention also seeks to provide apparatus and techniques for other types of surgical treatment employing cannulae. [0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided an implant for use in spinal surgery comprising: [0007] a resilient element having an inflatable cavity, the resilient element being formed of a biologically compatible material and being arranged for placement between end plates of adjacent vertebra. [0008] In an embodiment, the resilient element comprises an inflation valve operatively associated with the inflatable cavity, which permits inflation of the cavity to cause the resilient element to be in an inflated state and subsequent sealing of the cavity to retain the resilient element in the inflated state. [0009] In a further embodiment the resilient element comprises an inflation conduit communicating with the inflation valve and extending outwardly thereof at least to a periphery of the end plates. [0010] In yet a further embodiment the resilient element comprises a plurality of lateral projections for engagement with a disc replacement coil. [0011] In yet a further embodiment there is provided a disc replacement coil lead wound about the resilient element. [0012] According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided an implant for use in spinal surgery comprising: [0013] a disc replacement coil, the disc replacement coil being formed of a biologically compatible material and being arranged for placement between end plates of adjacent vertebra. [0014] A preferred embodiment also comprises a resilient element having an inflatable cavity, the resilient element being formed of a biologically compatible material and being arranged for placement between end plates of adjacent vertebra interiorly of the disc replacement coil. [0015] In yet a further embodiment a seat element is seated in a recess formed in the resilient element, the seat element defining a generally circular inner recess, which defines a bearing race and retains therein a plurality of balls, thus defining a bearing. [0016] In yet a further embodiment the seat element defines an outer recess which corresponds to the recess formed in the resilient element and also defines an outer flange which rests against a surface of the resilient element. [0017] In yet a further embodiment a circular sprocket is rotatably seated in the outer recess of the seat element in bearing relationship with the balls in the bearing race. [0018] In yet a further embodiment the circular sprocket includes an underlying bearing race defining a circular recess, an inner circular array of outwardly facing teeth, which is engaged by a toothed drive belt and an outer circular array of outwardly facing teeth, each of which is formed with a transverse recess. [0019] In yet a further embodiment the outer circular array of outwardly facing teeth drivingly engages a correspondingly configured upstanding disc replacement coil for winding thereof. [0020] In yet a further embodiment the sprocket also includes an overlying bearing race defining a circular recess which retains therein a plurality of balls, thus defining a bearing. [0021] In yet a further embodiment the resilient element comprises a slightly curved generally planar, oval-shaped cover portion which corresponds in shape to a machined configuration of an adjacent facing plate of a vertebra, for secure seating therein and optimized distribution of pressure and forces thereon and shock absorbing. Continue reading about Method and apparatus for computerized surgery... Full patent description for Method and apparatus for computerized surgery Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Method and apparatus for computerized surgery patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. 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