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High performance support-separators for communications cable supporting low voltage and wireless fidelity applications and providing conductive shielding for alien crosstalkHigh performance support-separators for communications cable supporting low voltage and wireless fidelity applications and providing conductive shielding for alien crosstalk description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070102188, High performance support-separators for communications cable supporting low voltage and wireless fidelity applications and providing conductive shielding for alien crosstalk. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CLAIM TO PRIORITY [0001] Applicants hereby claim priority under all rights to which they are entitled under 35 U.S.C. Section 120 based upon the U.S. Pat. 6,639,152 filed Aug. 25, 2001 and granted Oct. 28, 2003 and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent application (USPTO receiving office) PCT/US02/13831 filed at the United States Patent and Trademark Office on May 01, 2002, as well as Provisional application 60/462,983 entitled: SUPPORT SEPARATORS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATIONS CABLE WITH OPTIONAL HOLLOW TUBES FOR; BLOWN OPTICAL FIBER, COAXIAL, AND/OR TWISTED PAIR CONDUCTORS, filed at the United States Patent and Trademark Office on Apr. 15, 2003 and subsequently filed as a Utility application Ser. 10/461,822 on Jun. 13, 2003, and Provisional application 60/534,646 filed Jan. 7, 2004, entitled: FLAME RETARDANT AND SMOKE SUPPRESSANT COMPOSITE HIGH PERFORMANCE SUPPORT-SEPARATORS. FIELD OF INVENTION [0002] This invention relates to high performance multi-media communications cables and the accompanying separators within those cables utilizing paired or unpaired electrical conductors or optical fibers that also meet the newer transmission requirements of three main standards developed as IEEE 802.11 (a), (b), and (g) adopted in both in the United States under the National Electric Code (NEC) and internationally through the guidelines established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Additional standards have been proposed and are now adopted within IEEE 802.3(a)(f) for integrating communications cabling and low voltage power source capabilities within the same cable structure (IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between systems--Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements). Allowable voltages and wattages seem to be increasing and will be most likely be greater than the current standards Specifically, the invention relates to cables having a central core defining individual conductor pair channels that are capable of meeting the needs of the recently created wireless LAN (local area network) market place. Specifically, wireless networks for laptop computing and wireless network access points (antennae) that transmit and receive wireless signals need to comply with IEEE standard 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g and 802.3(a)(f). Low voltage conductors that are included in the central core or within the cable or within the cable-either for power or as antennae are also capable of being used for additional purposes including the need for transmission of power or frequency other than specifically for wireless applications such as powering hubs and routers for a communications network or providing alternative voice or data transmission lines or even in lieu of batteries that would be used to power cameras or other network remote devices. [0003] The wireless access points are usually installed in building ceilings or wiring closets or behind walls of homes and cover a 200-300 ft. range for wireless users. Access points (or antennae) must be connected to the data network via category 5 (as a minimum) communications transmission media and must be able to receive power from a power source (normally 110 VAC in the United States). The power from these devices is converted from the 110VAC to 12-24 VDC, but can be as high as 48VDC at a maximum of 12W. Currently the conductors being used are 22-24 AWG used, but larger AWG wires are anticipated in order to maintain higher wattages associated with increased low voltages as determined by the application. [0004] The communications cables of the present invention have interior core support-separators that define a clearance through which conductors or optical fibers may be disposed within the separators and how these are capable of supporting the use of the low voltage power conductors is a subject of the present invention. [0005] The invention also pertains to the use of conduit tubes that could be used in conjunction with or separately from the separators with defined clearance channels, spacing and channel separation. These conduit tubes may be round, square, rectangular, elliptical or in any feasible geometric shape that would allow for any communications media conductor to be placed, pulled, or subsequently blown into proper position along the length of these tubes in connection with the use of low power conductors. [0006] Concurrently the invention includes the use of composite electrical insulation exhibiting reduced flame spread and reduced smoke evolution while maintaining favorable electrical properties within the conductors and cables. The present invention also includes the use of insulated electrical conductors and jacketed plenum cable formed from flame retardant and smoke suppressant composite insulation(s). BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0007] Many communication systems utilize high performance cables normally having four pairs or more that typically consist of two twisted pairs transmitting data and two receiving data as well as the possibility of four or more pairs multiplexing in both directions. A twisted pair is a pair of conductors twisted about each other. A transmitting twisted pair and a receiving twisted pair often form a subgroup in a cable having four twisted pairs. High-speed data communications media in current usage includes pairs of wire twisted together to form a balanced transmission line. Multi-media cables may include twisted pairs or optical transmission media (fiber optics) or both and also may include coaxial conductors. [0008] In conventional cable, each twisted pair of conductors for a cable has a specified distance between twists along the longitudinal direction. That distance is referred to as the pair lay. When adjacent twisted pairs have the same pair lay and/or twist direction, they tend to lie within a cable more closely spaced than when they have different pair lays and/or twist direction. Such close spacing increases the amount of undesirable energy transferred between conductors which is referred to as cross-talk. Therefore, in many conventional cables, each twisted pair within the cable has a unique pair lay in order to increase spacing and randomness between pairs and thereby reducing the cross-talk between twisted pairs of a cable. [0009] Additionally undesirable energy may be transferred between adjacent cables (which is known as alien crosstalk) or alien near-end cross talk (anext) or alien far-end cross talk (afext). [0010] The Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronics Industry Association (TIA/EIA) have defined standards for crosstalk, including TIA/EIA-568 A,B, and C including the most recent edition of the specification. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has also defined standards for data communication cable cross-talk, including ISO/IEC 11801. One high-performance standard for 100 MHz cable is ISO/IEC 11801, Category 5. Additionally, more stringent standards are being implemented for higher frequency cables including Category 6, augmented Category 6 and Category 7, which includes frequencies of 200 through 600 MHz, respectively and the most recent proposed industrial standard raising the speeds to 10 Gbit (10 GBASE-T) over copper with Ethernet or other cable designs. Industry standards cable specifications and known commercially available products are listed in Table 1, and an updated standard is forthcoming from the EIA committee and should be considered as part of this disclosure. IEEE 802.3(a)(f) was presented as a topic of discussion in the Nov. 14-19, 2004 IEEE plenary session and included topics such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications, Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Power via Media Dependent Interface (MDI). Changes to MDI most pertinent to this invention is that even low power conductors may emit undesirable energy into the twisted pair conductors promoting undesirable cross-talk between the power source and the communications conductors. As higher power is allowed in the MDI and data bit rate increases, the communications conductors become even more susceptible to cross-talk and data transmission reliability issues. [0011] Another feature of this invention will be to selectively add semi-conductive and/or conductive materials in small amounts to the separator structure in order to mitigate any cross talk between the cable pairs or conductors and the other adjacent communications or power conducting cables. Additionally, when conductive material is added to the flap-tops of the separators of the present invention, this would act as a shield for the individual pairs of cable (NEXT or FEXT) or for alien near end cross talk (ANEXT) or alien far end (AFEXT) between cables which minimizes disrupting communication signals from adjacent cables. [0012] Addition of semi-conductive or conductive materials (metallization and the like) in relatively small concentrations either within the insulation of the separators or on exterior surfaces would also decrease the weight and size of the cable, from present shielding such as aluminized mylar, and concurrently decrease the potential fire load due to the decrease in flammable materials. [0013] Cabling exists today that is claimed to operate reliably without cross talk between the power cable and the communication cables at 48VDC and up to 12W (0.25A). As the IEEE looks forward, the need for higher power is becoming a reality. Cabling that will enable up to 60VDC and 30W, within a cable structure comprising fiber optic or twisted pair communications, and no crosstalk between the power cable and the communications lines and reliable communications operation not subject to alien cross talk from other communications cable, is required. This invention discloses several cabling and separator system configurations allowing for component constructions that will meet the newly proposed IEEE standards. Tables 1 and 2(a)-(g) are more specific to the requirements in place currently. TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 INDUSTRY STANDARD CABLE SPECIFICATIONS ANIXTER ANIXTER TIA CAT 6 XP6 XP7 ALL DATA AT DRAFT 10 R3.00XP R3.00XP 100 MHz TIA CAT 5e Nov. 15, 2001 November 2000 November 2000 MAX TEST 100 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 350 MHz FREQUENCY ATTENTUATION 22.0 db 19.8 db 21.7 db 19.7 db POWER SUM 32.3 db 42.3 db 34.3 db 44.3 db NEXT ACR 13.3 db 24.5 db POWER SUM 10.3 db 22.5 db 12.6 db 23.6 db ACR POWER SUM 20.8 db 24.8 db 23.8 db 25.8 db ELFEXT RETURN LOSS 20.1 db 20.1 db 21.5 db 22.5 db [0014] TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2A Return Loss Requirements for Category 6 Cable Return loss @ 20.degree. C. .+-. 3.degree. C. (68.degree. F. .+-. 5.5.degree. F.), worst pair for a length of 100 m (328 ft) Frequency MHz Category 6 dB 1 .ltoreq. f .ltoreq. 10 20 + 5 log (f) 10 .ltoreq. f .ltoreq. 20 25 20 .ltoreq. f .ltoreq. 250 25 - 7 log (f/20) [0015] TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2B Insertion Loss Requirements for Category 6 Cable Insertion loss @ 20.degree. C. .+-. 3.degree. C. (68.degree. F. .+-. 5.5.degree. F.), worst pair for a length of 100 m (328 ft) Frequency MHz Category 6 dB .772 1.8 10.0 6.0 250.0 32.8 [0016] TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2C Near End Crosstalk Requirements For Category 6 Cable Horizontal cable NEXT loss @ 20.degree. C. .+-. 3.degree. C. (68.degree. F. .+-. 5.5.degree. F.), worst pair-to-pair, for a length of 100 m (328 ft) Frequency MHz Category 6 dB 0.150 86.7 10.0 59.3 250.0 38.3 [0017] TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2D Power Sum Near End Crosstalk Requirements for Category 6 Cable PSNEXT loss @ 20.degree. C. .+-. 3.degree. C. (68.degree. F. .+-. 5.5.degree. F.), for a length of 100 m (328 ft) Frequency MHz Category 6 dB 0.150 84.7 10.0 57.3 250.0 36.3 [0018] TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 2E Equal Level Near End Crosstalk Requirements For Category 6 Cable ELNEXT loss @ 20.degree. C. .+-. 3.degree. C. (68.degree. F. .+-. 5.5.degree. F.), worst pair-to-pair for a length of 100 m (328 ft) Frequency MHz Category 6 dB .772 70.0 10.0 47.8 250.0 19.8 [0019] TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 2F Power Sum Equal Level Near End Crosstalk Requirements for Category 6 Cable PSELNEXT loss @ 20.degree. C. .+-. 3.degree. C. (68.degree. F. .+-. 5.5.degree. F.), for a length of 100 m (328 ft) Frequency MHz Category 6 dB .772 67.0 10.0 44.8 250.0 16.8 [0020] TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 2G Proposed Requirements for Alien Near - end Cross-talk for Category 6 Cable Proposed Requirement for Channel Power Sum Alien Near-End Cross-talk Frequency Category 6 dB PSANEXT .gtoreq. 60-10log(f) 1 .ltoreq. f .ltoreq. 100 MHz PSANEXT .gtoreq. 60-15log(f) 100 .ltoreq. f .ltoreq. 625 MHz [0021] Crosstalk values and other electrical properties may be affected by low voltage conductors (up to 60 VDC) as the need to include these power conductors together with the communications conductors in the same cable continues to increase with time. Continue reading about High performance support-separators for communications cable supporting low voltage and wireless fidelity applications and providing conductive shielding for alien crosstalk... 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