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  Halogenated biaryl heterocyclic compounds and methods of making and using the sameRelated Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Designated Organic Active Ingredient Containing (doai), Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Chalcogen (i.e., O,s,se Or Te) Or Nitrogen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms Doai, Five-membered Hetero Ring Containing At Least One Nitrogen Ring Atom (e.g., 1,2,3-triazoles, Etc.), 1,3,4-thiadiazoles (including Hydrogenated), Chalcogen Bonded Directly To Ring Carbon Of The Oxazole RingHalogenated biaryl heterocyclic compounds and methods of making and using the same description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060148869, Halogenated biaryl heterocyclic compounds and methods of making and using the same. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Patent Application Nos. 60/530,371, filed Dec. 17, 2003, and 60/576,267, filed Jun. 2, 2004, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates generally to the field of anti-infective, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and prokinetic agents. More particularly, the invention relates to a family of halogenated biaryl heterocyclic compounds, comprising at least one halogenated hydrocarbon moiety, a biaryl moiety, and at least one heterocyclic moiety, that are useful as therapeutic agents. BACKGROUND [0003] Since the discovery of penicillin in the 1920s and streptomycin in the 1940s, many new compounds have been discovered or specifically designed for use as antibiotic agents. It was once believed that infectious diseases could be completely controlled or eradicated with the use of such therapeutic agents. However, such beliefs have been shaken by the fact that strains of cells or microorganisms resistant to currently effective therapeutic agents continue to evolve. In fact, virtually every antibiotic agent developed for clinical use has ultimately encountered problems with the emergence of resistant bacteria. For example, resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant staphylocci, penicillin-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci have developed, which can cause serious and even fatal results for patients infected with such resistant bacteria. Bacteria that are resistant to macrolide antibiotics, i.e., antibiotics based on a 14- to 16-membered lactone ring, have developed. Also, resistant strains of Gram-negative bacteria such as H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis have been identified. See, e.g., F. D. Lowry, "Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Staphylococcus aureus," J. Clin. Invest., vol. 111, no. 9, pp. 1265-1273 (2003); and Gold, H. S. and Moellering, R. C., Jr., "Antimicrobial-Drug Resistance," N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 335, pp. 1445-53 (1996). [0004] The problem of resistance is not limited to the area of anti-infective agents, because resistance has also been encountered wraith anti-proliferative agents used in cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, there exists a need for nests anti-infective and anti-proliferative agents that are both effective against resistant bacteria and resistant strains of cancer cells. [0005] In the antibiotic area, despite the problem of increasing antibiotic resistance, no new major classes of antibiotics have been developed for clinical use since the approval in the United States in 2000 of the oxazolidinone ring-containing antibiotic, N-[[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl acetamide, which is known as linezolid and is sold under the tradename Zyvox.RTM. (see compound A). See, R. C. Moellering, Jr., "Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial," Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 135-142 (2003). [0006] Linezolid was approved for use as an anti-bacterial agent active against Gram-positive organisms. Unfortunately, linezolid-resistant strains of organisms are already being reported. See, Tsiodras et al., Lancet, vol. 358, p. 207 (2001); Gonzales et al., Lancet, vol 357, p. 1179 (2001); Zurenko et al., Proceedings Of The 39.sup.th Annual Interscience Conference On Antibacterial Agents And Chemotherapy (ICAAC), San Francisco, Calif., USA (Sep. 26-29, 1999). Because linezolid is both a clinically effective and commercially significant anti-microbial agent, investigators have been working to develop other effective linezolid derivatives. [0007] Notwithstanding the foregoing, there is an ongoing need for new anti-infective and anti-proliferative agents. Furthermore, because many anti-infective and anti-proliferative agents have utility as anti-inflammatory agents and prokinetic agents, there is also an ongoing need for new compounds useful as anti-inflammatory and prokinetic agents. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0008] The invention provides a family of compounds useful as anti-infective agents and/or anti-proliferative agents, for example, chemotherapeutic agents, anti-microbial agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-fungal agents, anti-parasitic agents, anti-viral agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and/or prokinetic (gastrointestinal modulatory) agents, having the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein Het-CH.sub.2--R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: A and B independently are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyridazinyl; M is a halogenated C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-6 alkynyl group; and the variables L, X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, m, and n can be selected from the respective groups of chemical moieties or integers later defined in the detailed description. [0009] Particular embodiments of compounds of the invention include those having the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and pyridyl, R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of H and F, n is 0, 1, or 2, and the variables L, M, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, X, and in can be selected from the respective groups of chemical moieties or integers later defined in the detailed description. [0010] Other embodiments of compounds of the invention include those having the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein the variables A, L, M, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, X and m are selected from the respective groups of chemical moieties or integers later defined in the detailed description. [0011] In addition, the invention provides methods of synthesizing the foregoing compounds. Following synthesis, an effective amount of one or more of the compounds can be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administration to a mammal for use as an anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-biotic, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic or anti-viral agent, or to treat a proliferative disease, an inflammatory disease or a gastrointestinal motility disorder. The compounds or formulations can be administered, for example, via oral, parenteral, or topical routes, to provide an effective amount of the compound to the mammal. [0012] The foregoing and other aspects and embodiments of the invention may be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description and claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0013] The present invention provides a family of compounds that can be used as anti-proliferative agents and/or anti-infective agents. The compounds may be used without limitation, for example, as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic and/or anti-viral agents. Further, the present invention provides a family of compounds that can be used without limitation as anti-inflammatory agents, for example, for use in treating chronic inflammatory airway diseases, and/or as prokinetic agents, for example, for use in treating gastrointestinal motility disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis (diabetic and post surgical), irritable bowel syndrome, and constipation. 1. Definitions [0014] The term "substituted," as used herein, means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound. When the substituent is keto (i.e., .dbd.O), then 2 hydrogens on the atom are replaced. Ring double bonds, as used herein, are double bonds that are formed between two adjacent ring atoms (e.g., C.dbd.C, C.dbd.N, or N.dbd.N). [0015] The present invention is intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium, and isotopes of carbon include C-13 and C-14. [0016] The compounds described herein may have asymmetric centers. Compounds of the present invention containing an asymmetrically substituted atom can be isolated in optically active or racemic forms. It is well known in the art how to prepare optically active forms, such as by resolution of racemic forms or by synthesis from optically active starting materials. Many geometric isomers of olefins, C.dbd.N double bonds, and the like can also be present in the compounds described herein, and all such stable isomers are contemplated in the present invention. Cis and trans geometric isomers of the compounds of the present invention are described and can be isolated as a mixture of isomers or as separated isomeric forms. All chiral, diastereomeric, racemic, and geometric isomeric forms of a structure are intended, unless the specific stereochemistry or isomeric form is specifically indicated. All processes used to prepare compounds of the present invention and intermediates made therein are considered to be part of the present invention. All tautomers of shown or described compounds are also considered to be part of the present invention. [0017] When any variable (e.g., R.sup.1) Occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 R.sup.1 moieties, then the group can optionally be substituted with up to two R.sup.1 moieties and R.sup.1 at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of R.sup.1. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds. [0018] When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent can be bonded to any atom in the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent can be bonded via any atom in such substituent. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds. Continue reading about Halogenated biaryl heterocyclic compounds and methods of making and using the same... 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