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  Half-sandwich ruthenium (ii) compounds comprising nitrogen containing ligands for treatment of cancerRelated Patent Categories: Drug, Bio-affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Designated Organic Active Ingredient Containing (doai), Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Chalcogen (i.e., O,s,se Or Te) Or Nitrogen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms Doai, Heavy Metal Containing (including Salts)Half-sandwich ruthenium (ii) compounds comprising nitrogen containing ligands for treatment of cancer description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20050239765, Half-sandwich ruthenium (ii) compounds comprising nitrogen containing ligands for treatment of cancer. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] This invention relates to ruthenium (II) compounds, to their use in medicine, particularly for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer, and to a process for their preparation. [0002] Certain ruthenium (II) complexes have been proposed for use in treating cancer. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,473 discloses 1,10-phenanthroline complexes of ruthenium (II) and cobalt (III) which are said to be useful for the treatment of tumour cells in a subject. [0003] Some other ruthenium (II) and ruthenium (III) complexes which have been shown to exhibit antitumour activity are mentioned in Guo et al, Inorganica Chimica Acta, 273 (1998), 1-7, specifically trans-[RuCl.sub.2(DMSO).sub.4], trans-[RuCl.sub.2(imidazole)2]- and trans-[RuCl.sub.4(indazole).sub.2].sup.-. Guo et al discloses that the most interesting feature of these complexes is their anti-metastatic activity. Clarke et al have reviewed the anticancer and in particular the antimetastatic activity of ruthenium complexes: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2511-2533. Also, Sava has reveiwed the antimetastatic activity in "Metal Compounds in Cancer Therapy" Ed by S P Fricker, Chapman and Hall, London 1994, p. 65-91. [0004] Dale et al, Anti-Cancer Drug Design (1992), 7, 3-14, describes a metronidazole complex of ruthenium (II) ie, [(.eta..sup.6-C.sub.6H.sub.6)- RuCl.sub.2(metronidazole)] and its effect on DNA and on E. coli growth rates. Metronidazole sensitises hypoxic tumour cells to radiation and appears to be an essential element of the complexes of Dale et al. There is no indication in Dale et al that the complexes would be at all effective in the absence of the metronidazole ligand. [0005] Krmer et al, Chem Eur J., 1996, 2, No. 12, p. 1518-1526 discloses half sandwich complexes of ruthenium with amino esters. [0006] There exists a need for novel anti-cancer compounds which can be used as alternatives to the compounds which are currently available. [0007] The present invention provides a novel class of ruthenium (II) complexes having anti-tumour activity. [0008] According to the present invention there is provided a ruthenium (II) compound of formula (I): 1 [0009] wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent H, alkyl, --CO.sub.2R', aryl or alkylaryl, which latter two groups are optionally substituted on the aromatic ring; [0010] R' represents alkyl, aryl or alkaryl; [0011] X is halo, H.sub.2O, (R')(R")SO, R'CO.sub.2.sup.- or (R')(R")C.dbd.O, where R" represents alkyl, aryl or alkaryl; [0012] Y is a counterion; [0013] m is 0 or 1; [0014] q is 1, 2 or 3; [0015] C' is C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkylene, optionally substituted in or on the alkylene chain, bound to two A groups; [0016] p is 0 or 1 and r is 1 when p is 0 and r is 2 when p is 1; and [0017] A and B are: each independently N-donor nitrile ligands; or B is halo and A is an N-donor pyridine ligand, optionally substituted at one or more of the carbon atoms of the pyridine ring; or p is 0, A is NR.sup.7R.sup.8 and B is NR.sup.9R.sup.10, wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 independently represent H or alkyl, and A and B are linked by an alkylene chain, optionally substituted in or on the alkylene chain; or p is 1, A is NR.sup.7 and B is NR.sup.9R.sup.10, wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are as previously defined, and A and B are linked by an alkylene chain, optionally substituted. [0018] The compounds of the invention may be in the form of solvates and/or prodrugs. Prodrugs are variants of the compounds of the invention which can be converted to compounds of formula (I) in vivo. [0019] The compounds of formula (I) may have one or more chiral centres. When the compounds of formula (I) have one or more chiral centres, they may be in the form of one enantiomer, may be enriched in one enantiomer or may be a racemic mixture. [0020] The term "alkyl" as used herein includes C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl groups which may be branched or unbranched and may be open chain or, when they are C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 groups, cyclic. Unbranched open chain alkyl groups include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl. Branched open chain-alkyl groups include, for example, 2-propyl, 2-butyl and 2-(2-methyl)propyl. Cyclic groups include cyclopropyl; cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The alkyl groups in the compounds of the invention may optionally be substituted. Substituents include one or more further alkyl groups and/or one or more further substituents, such as, for example, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, --CO.sub.2alkyl, halo, thiol (SH), thioether (eg, S-alkyl) and sulfonate. The term "alkylene" is defined similarly to the definition of the term "alkyl" but includes C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 groups and is a divalent species with radicals separated by two or more (eg, from two to twelve) carbon atoms linked in a chain. Preferably, the alkylene groups are straight chain groups. Alkylene groups are optionally substituted in the alkylene chain, preferably with one or more phenylene (eg, 1,4-phenylene) and/or --CONR.sup.1a-- groups and/or --NR.sup.2a-- groups, where R.sup.1a and R.sup.2a independently represent H, alkyl, aryl or alkaryl. Preferably, R.sup.1a and R.sup.2a are H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl. [0021] The term "aryl" as used herein includes aromatic carbocyclic rings such as phenayl and naphthyl and heterocyclic rings such as pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl and furanyl. Aryl groups may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents including, for example, alkyl, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, --CO.sub.2alkyl, halo, thiol (SH), thioether (eg, S-alkyl) and sulfonate. [0022] The term "alkaryl" means alkyl substituted with aryl eg, benzyl. [0023] The term "halo" means a halogen radical selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. [0024] The term "haloalkyl" means alkyl substituted with one or more halo groups eg, trifluoromethyl. Continue reading about Half-sandwich ruthenium (ii) compounds comprising nitrogen containing ligands for treatment of cancer... 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