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  Granulated decontamination formulationsUSPTO Application #: 20070249509Title: Granulated decontamination formulations Abstract: A decontamination formulation and method of making that neutralizes the adverse health effects of both chemical and biological compounds, especially chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The formulation provides solubilizing compounds that serve to effectively render the chemical and biological compounds, particularly CW and BW compounds, susceptible to attack, and at least one reactive compound that serves to attack (and detoxify or kill) the compound. The formulation includes at least one solubilizing agent, a reactive compound, a sorbent additive, and water. A highly adsorbent sorbent additive (e.g., amorphous silica, sorbitol, mannitol, etc.) is used to “dry out” one or more liquid ingredients into a dry, free-flowing powder that has an extended shelf life, and is more convenient to handle and mix in the field. (end of abstract) Agent: Sandia Corporation - Albuquerque, NM, US Inventor: Mark D. Tucker USPTO Applicaton #: 20070249509 - Class: 510110000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Cleaning Compositions For Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, Or Processes Of Preparing The Compositions, Cleaning Compositions Or Processes Of Preparing (e.g., Sodium Bisulfate Component, Etc.), For Cleaning A Specific Substrate Or Removing A Specific Contaminant (e.g., For Smoker`s Pipe, Etc.), For Removing Radioactive Or Toxic Chemical Contaminant (e.g., Chemical Warfare Agent, Pcbs, Etc.) The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070249509. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/607,586, entitled "Formulations for Neutralization of Chemical and Biological Toxants", filed on Jun. 29, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,566,574, which was a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/109,235, entitled "Aqueous Foams for Mitigation and Decontamination of Chemical and Biological Weapons Agents", filed on Jun. 30, 1998, now abandoned, and which claimed the benefit of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/146,432, filed on Jul. 29, 1999, and the specifications thereof are incorporated herein by reference. [0002] This application is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/952,940, entitled "Concentrated Formulations and Methods for Neutralizing Chemical and Biological Toxants", filed on Sep. 14, 2001, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/607,586, entitled "Formulations for Neutralization of Chemical and Biological Toxants", filed on Jun. 29, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,566,574, and the specifications thereof are incorporated herein by reference. [0003] This application is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/251,569, entitled "Enhanced Formulations for Neutralization of Chemical, Biological and Industrial Toxants", filed on Sep. 20, 2002, which claimed the benefit of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/326,508, entitled "DF-200--An Enhanced Formulation for Decontamination and Mitigation of CBW Agents and Biological Pathogens", filed on Oct. 1, 2001, and of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/334,271, entitled "Configurations for the Rapid Deployment of DF-200", filed on Nov. 30, 2001, and of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/387,104, entitled "Decontamination Formulations", filed on Jun. 7, 2002, and the specifications thereof are incorporated herein by reference. [0004] This application is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/623,370, entitled "Decontamination Formulation with Sorbent Additive", filed on Jul. 18, 2003, which claimed the benefit of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. No. 60/397,424 entitled "Powdered Additive for DF-200," filed on Jul. 19, 2002, and the specifications thereof are incorporated herein by reference. [0005] This application claims the benefit of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. No. 60/446,642 entitled "DF-200 Configurations for Special Applications", filed on Feb. 10, 2003, and the specification thereof is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0007] The present invention relates to formulations for neutralization of chemical, biological and industrial toxants, and methods of making same. [0008] The present invention is directed to materials and methods for neutralization of toxic chemical, biological and industrial compounds or agents, especially chemical and biological weapons agents, and methods of making same. In particular, the present invention is directed to aqueous formulations containing solubilizing compounds, reactive compounds, and sorbent additives that allow the formulation to be pre-mixed and pre-packaged as a multi-part kit system, where one or more of the parts are packaged in a powdered, granulated form for ease of handling and mixing in the field. The aqueous decontamination formulations can be delivered in a wide variety of embodiments, including, but not limited to: foams, sprays, liquids, gels, fogs and aerosols. [0009] Much of the background of decontamination formulations has been previously discussed in the related patent applications and patent listed above. Briefly, the formulations of the present invention fall generally into two families, designated "DF-100" and "DF-200." DF-100 formulations comprise, for example, a cationic surfactant (e.g., benzalkonium chloride) and a reactive compound (e.g., hydrogen peroxide mixed with potassium bicarbonate, which forms the highly reactive, negatively-charged nucleophillic species, hydroperoxycarbonate (HCO.sub.4.sup.-), which is a strong oxidant), that when mixed with water (e.g., tap water, well water, seawater, etc.) and exposed to a toxant, neutralizes that toxant. The solubilizing agent serves to effectively render the toxant susceptible to attack, while the reactive compound serves to attack and neutralize the toxant. [0010] The second family of decontamination formulations, DF-200, is an enhanced version of DF-100. In DF-200, a bleaching activator (e.g., propylene glycol diacetate, glycerol diacetate) has been added to speed up reaction kinetics, improve performance, and eliminate the need for pH adjustment. [0011] In both DF-100 and DF-200 decontamination formulations some of the ingredients must be stored separately in order to prevent premature chemical reaction before use. For example, hydrogen peroxide must be stored separately from the other ingredients prior to use, due to its high reactivity. This can be accomplished by packaging the formulation as a multi-part kit system (i.e., 2-part, 3-part or 4-part kits). For example, a two-part kit system can be used, comprising a relatively inert component (Part A), and an active component (Part B) that comprises the reactive compound. The bulk of the make-up water may be "pre-packaged" in one of the two containers, which allows for rapid deployment of the decontamination solution, without the need for providing extra water in the field. Alternatively, the make-up water (including seawater) can be provided in the field, which greatly reduces the weight of the pre-packaged kit components, making it easier to ship and store. [0012] Ideally, all of the various components/parts of a multi-part kit system would be in the form of a dry, granulated, freely flowing powder that can be easily mixed with water that has been provided in the field. Such a dry powder material could be packaged with a desiccant for providing superior moisture protection, thereby extending the shelf life. Fortunately, one of the preferred reactive compounds, hydrogen peroxide, is available in a variety solid, granulated, water-soluble forms, including: urea hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate, and sodium percarbonate. Preferably, the made-up decontamination solution ideally should be used within 8-24 hours after being made-up in order to have the maximum neutralization effect. [0013] Most of the other ingredients that are used in DF-100/200 (e.g., cationic surfactants, cationic hydrotropes, solvents, peroxide activators, free point depressants, etc.) are typically available only in liquid form. Therefore, a need exists to identify suitable sorbent materials that can used to "dry-out" the liquid ingredients and convert them into a dry, granulated, freely-flowing powder that is more easily handled and mixed in the field, without affecting the neutralization performance of the made-up (i.e., "activated") decontamination solution. [0014] A granulated decontamination formulation would have the following advantages over an all-liquid or part-liquid-plus part-granulated formulations: [0015] 1. Significant reduction in the weight of the formulation required to be shipped and stored. [0016] 2. Saltwater or other low quality water can be used as the make-up water. [0017] 3. The formulation can be stored in low temperature locations. [0018] 4. Increased shelf life due to removal of water from the formulation. [0019] Against this background, the present invention was developed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0020] A decontamination formulation and method of making that neutralizes the adverse health effects of both chemical and biological compounds, especially chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The formulation provides solubilizing compounds that serve to effectively render the chemical and biological compounds, particularly CW and BW compounds, susceptible to attack, and at least one reactive compound that serves to attack (and detoxify or kill) the compound. The formulation includes at least one solubilizing agent, a reactive compound, a sorbent additive, and water. A highly adsorbent sorbent additive (e.g., amorphous silica, sorbitol, mannitol, etc.) is used to "dry out" one or more liquid ingredients into a dry, free-flowing powder that has an extended shelf life, and is more convenient to handle and mix in the field. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0021] The present invention addresses the need for a general formulation that neutralizes the adverse effects of either (or both) chemical toxants (including toxic industrial chemicals) and biological toxants, where a toxant is defined as any chemical or biological compound, constituent, substance, species, or agent that through its chemical or biological action on life processes can, if left untreated, cause death, temporary incapacitation, or permanent harm to humans or animals. This includes all such chemicals or biological agents, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions, or elsewhere. Neutralization is defined as the mitigation, de-toxification, decontamination, or otherwise destruction of toxants to the extent that the toxants no longer cause acute adverse effects to humans or animals. The formulation and described variations of the present invention can neutralize, and does not itself contain or produce, infection, significant adverse health effects, or even fatality in animals. [0022] An important subset of chemical and biological compounds that the present invention addresses is that of chemical warfare ("CW") and biological warfare ("BW") agents. However, the present invention also addresses toxants that can cause potential adverse health effects to animals, including humans, where such adverse health effects include infections, acute and chronic health effects, and fatalities. Such toxants can be found in an agricultural facility, animal or dairy farm, or food products processing or packaging facility. Additionally, the present invention addresses the need for such a formulation that is itself non-toxic and non-corrosive, and that can be delivered by a variety of means and in different phases. [0023] The word "formulation" is defined herein as the made-up, activated product or solution (e.g., aqueous decontamination solution) that is applied to a surface or body, or dispersed into the air, etc. for the purpose of neutralization, with or without the addition of a gas (e.g., air) to create foam. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the concentrations, constituents, or components listed herein are relative to the weight percentage of the made-up aqueous decontamination solution. The word "water" is defined herein to broadly include: pure water, tap water, well water, waste water, deionized water, demineralized water, saltwater, or any other liquid consisting primarily of H.sub.2O. [0024] A minimum set of ingredients for an aqueous decontamination solution comprising a sorbent additive, according to the present invention, may comprise: [0025] a solubilizing compound selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant, a cationic hydrotrope, and a fatty alcohol comprising 8-20 carbon atoms; [0026] a reactive compound selected from the group consisting of nucleophilic compounds and oxidizing compounds; [0027] a sorbent additive; and [0028] water. [0029] The solubilizing agent serves to effectively render the toxant susceptible to attack, while the reactive compound serves to attack and neutralize the toxant. The sorbent additive is used to "dry-out" some or all of the liquid ingredients, for use in a pre-packaged, multi-part kit system. Continue reading... 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