| Enzymatic opacifying composition for paper, pulp or paperboard, processes using same and pulp, paper or paperboard produced therefrom -> Monitor Keywords |
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Enzymatic opacifying composition for paper, pulp or paperboard, processes using same and pulp, paper or paperboard produced therefromRelated Patent Categories: Paper Making And Fiber Liberation, Processes Of Chemical Liberation, Recovery Or Purification Of Natural Cellulose Or Fibrous Material, Treatment With Particular Chemical, OrganicEnzymatic opacifying composition for paper, pulp or paperboard, processes using same and pulp, paper or paperboard produced therefrom description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070029059, Enzymatic opacifying composition for paper, pulp or paperboard, processes using same and pulp, paper or paperboard produced therefrom. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] This invention relates to a composition for use in making paper, pulp or paperboard; and a process of making paper, pulp or paperboard employing the composition, especially to add opacity to the paper, pulp or paperboard and a paper, pulp or paperboard produced using the composition. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] In paper and paperboard manufacture, sheet formation is generally obtained on wire webs in a wet end from pulp slurry and is followed by the gradual removal of moisture in a press section and drier section. A calender section follows the drier section with the purpose of obtaining a desired finish, for example, smoothness, thickness or gloss. [0003] Despite the real advantages of using mechanical action to impart certain characteristics to the sheet, these advantages are limited. Complementary solutions for improving even further certain paper or paperboard characteristics can be applied internally in the wet end or externally with size-presses or coaters when these are available. These solutions are related to the use of fillers and functional additives. [0004] Fillers are generally white pigments that can be divided into two major categories: [0005] a) regular fillers having wide application and cost lower than that of cellulosic fiber, e.g. kaolin clay, ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate; [0006] b) specialized fillers having usually lower volume applications and costs sometimes comparable with or even higher than cellulosic fiber; Some examples are: anatase titanium dioxide, rutile titanium dioxide, composite pigments, e.g. clay and titanium dioxide, PSS (precipitated synthetic silica--silica oxides and precipitated silicate--aluminum silicate), talc (industrial grade hydrated magnesium silicate), aluminum trihydrate, calcium sulfate, natural or precipitated barium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfur--surface treatments only, Satin White (calcium sulfo-aluminate complex)--surface treatments only, urea formaldehyde resin (organic pigment), plastic pigments (empty or full spheres)--surface treatments only. [0007] The advantages brought by fillers in paper or paperboard manufacture are mostly related to cost reductions, except with some of the specialized fillers, especially titanium dioxide. The process disadvantages are however important and concern mostly wire, felt, doctor blade, refiners abrasion, machine deposits increase, increased linting dust, breaks related to sheet strength decrease and filler retention difficulties requiring retention program solutions. [0008] On the other hand, the functional advantages, with respect to final product characteristics, brought by fillers are also important: optical properties, i.e. brightness and opacity, improvement, improved printability, better sheet formation, increased smoothness and improved dimensional stability. The functional disadvantages are mostly related to increased two sidedness, reduced rigidity, increased linting and decreased sheet strength. [0009] Improving the paper or paperboard characteristics beyond the mechanical limits of a paper or paperboard machine often requires the use of fillers for their functional advantages and the use of functional additives for even better results. [0010] Examples of functional additives which can improve the sheet characteristics are dyes and optical brighteners, coating polymers, wet and dry strength resins, sizing agents, fluorocarbons, traditional organic opacifying agents and other specialty additives, while process additives that improve the production process include biocides, deposit-control agents, felt conditioners and cleaners, defoamers, and effluent treatments. [0011] Traditional organic opacifying agents are important functional additives used to improve the sheet characteristics obtained with mechanical means and with filler use. Resistance to water penetration, better printing characteristics, increased opacity brightness and whiteness, increased bulk and caliper, better formation, have been investigated and often obtained. Some process improvements related to reduced abrasion and cost reduction have also been noticed in some cases. [0012] The following examples illustrate some of the traditional organic opacifiers: [0013] U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,296,024 and 5,292,363 disclose a composition for enhancing opaqueness in papermaking comprising the reaction product of a fatty acid and a diamine. [0014] Different US patents related to U.S. Pat. No. 5,296,024 indicate that the resulting amide of the diamine, which forms the cationic softener base, is the fatty acid monoamide or the diamide or a mixture thereof. [0015] U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,139 describes an opacifier which is a reaction product of an alkanol amine and a dimerized acid, wherein the diamine (aminoethylethanol amine) is preferred, in this Patent, the principal reactant with the amine is a dimerized acid. [0016] Despite the clear advantages traditional opacifiers bring to papermaking, functional limitations on their use related especially to paper sheet strength and porosity have been noticed in mill conditions. [0017] A particular category of chemical additives with both funtional and process applications are enzymes, which are proteins with catalytic properties. [0018] The use of enzymes is ecologically interesting, and such enzymes can generally be applied anywere in the paper, paperboard or even pulp production. The following examples illustrate some of the present mill or laboratory applications for enzymes: [0019] Xylanases--for prebleaching and bleaching pulps, especially Kraft. [0020] Pectinases and xylanases--for debarking. [0021] Laccases, proteases--for mechanical pulp refining [0022] Cellulases and xylanases--for chemical pulp refining [0023] Cellulases--for recycled pulp refining [0024] Cellulases--for KAPPA number reduction in Kraft cooking [0025] Xylanases--for brightness reversion [0026] Cellulases, amylases, xylanases, lipases--for deinking [0027] Cellulases--for tissue softness [0028] Laccases--for mechanical pulp strength [0029] Manganese peroxidases--for chemical pulp strength [0030] Cellulases--for chemical fibre Tinting reduction [0031] Laccases--for increased chemical fibre bulk [0032] Cellulases and xylanases--for increased chemical fibre flexibility [0033] Cellulases--for reduced porosity and increased fibrilation of chemical fibres [0034] Cellulases and amylases--for increased drainage [0035] Esterases--for stickies reduction [0036] Amylases, proteases, levan hydrolase--for paper machine cleaning [0037] Acetyl esterase, pectinases--for mechanical pulp white water treatments [0038] Peroxidases, laccases, catalases--for effluent treatments [0039] Pectinases for cationic demand reduction in peroxide bleached mechanical pulp [0040] In the prior art, WO95/27825 discloses a preparation process for increasing the content of inorganic fillers while maintaining or increasing the Scott internal bond strength, by addition of a cellulase type enzyme. Increasing the content of inorganic fillers is known in the art to be needed for particular applications; inorganic fillers function as opacifiers. [0041] Increasing the level of inorganic fillers for the majority of specific paper grades very often equates into one or more of the following disadvantages: [0042] Increased paper machine blades abrasion [0043] Increased paper machine press rolls wear [0044] Increased paper machine inorganic deposits and breaks [0045] Increased chemical costs in papermaking (e.g. when TiO.sub.2 is used) [0046] Increased printer equipment abrasion [0047] All these reasons justify the use of traditional organic opacifiers rather than inorganic filleras as opacifiers. [0048] In the prior art. it was known that increasing the levels of inorganic fillers favors opacity increase, but also results in decrease in strength. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0049] Surprisingly, while investigating porosity increase enzymatic applications, it has now been discovered that some enzymes also improve opacity without the drawbacks associated with traditional organic opacifiers. The handsheets made with enzyme treated fibres were often less porous, with increased tensile strength as compared with the untreated controls; and were much less porous, and exhibited much higher tensile strength as compared with the traditional organic opacifier treated handsheets. Continue reading about Enzymatic opacifying composition for paper, pulp or paperboard, processes using same and pulp, paper or paperboard produced therefrom... 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