Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods of preparing the compositions inventions 03/06

20060065533 - Method for roll to be processed before forming cell and method for grinding roll: There are provided a plating method for a roll and a grinding method before a cell is formed in which copper sulfate plating having a uniform thickness without any particles or pits can be applied to the roll for a gravure printing, both a middle finish grinding and a mirror...

20060065534 - Plating apparatus, plating method and multilayer printed circuit board: A plating apparatus includes a plating bath, a member provided in the plating bath and a moving device. The member is configured to cover a surface to be plated. A moving device is configured to relatively move the member or the surface to change an area of the surface covered...

20060065535 - Method of fabricating oxide film: Provided is a method of fabricating an oxide film on a substrate. The method includes: (a) placing an electrode adjacent to a first region of the substrate on which the oxide film is to be formed under a humid atmosphere; (b) contacting the electrode with the substrate while applying voltage...

20060065536 - Copper electroplating bath composition and a method of copper electroplating to improve gapfill: A copper electroplating bath composition and a method of copper electroplating to improve gapfill are provided. The method of electroplating includes providing an aqueous electroplating composition, comprising copper, at least one acid, at least one halogen ion, an additive including an accelerating agent, a suppressing agent, and a suppressing-accelerating agent,...

20060065537 - Electrolytic copper plating solutions: The present invention provides inter alia copper electroplating compositions, methods for use of the compositions and products formed by the compositions. Electroplating compositions of the invention contain an increased brightener concentration that can provide effective copper plate on difficult-to-plate aperture walls, including high aspect ratio, small diameter microvias....

20060065538 - Alloy composition and plating method: Disclosed are electrolyte compositions for depositing tin-copper alloys that are substantially free of lead. Also disclosed are methods of plating tin-copper alloys that are substantially free of lead on substrates and uses for such plated substrates....

20060065539 - Anodic oxidation method and production for titanium oxide coating and method of supporting catalyst: s

20060065540 - Retention of counterions in the separative bioreactor: A bioreactor with an anode and a cathode, and a plurality of reaction chambers each having an inlet and an outlet and each including a porous solid ion exchange wafer having ion-exchange resins. Each of the reaction chambers is interleaved between a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane...

20060065541 - Gas sensor: A gas sensor including: a cylindrical metal shell; a detection element having a detection portion provided on a front end side thereof; the detection element being fixed inside the metal shell while the detection portion of the detection element protrudes from a front end side of the metal shell; and...

20060065542 - Synthesis of hydrogen peroxide: An apparatus and process for producing hydrogen peroxide on an as-needed basis is disclosed. An oxidizing agent is generated for reaction with water to generate hydrogen peroxide....

20060065543 - Metal particles and method for producing same: The present invention provides metal particles, in which microfine carbon fibers are uniformly dispersed, and a method of producing such metal particles. The method comprises the steps of: electrolyzing an electrolytic solution, in which the microfine carbon fibers are dispersed, so as to deposit metal particles, in which the microfine...

20060065544 - Process for preducing mixed electrolyzed water: This invention discloses a process for preparing a mixed electrolyzed water consisting of a cathodic and an anodic electrolyzed waters comprising the step of electrolyzing an aqueous solution of an organic electrolyte containing a water-soluble inorganic salt in less than 0.1 mM and an organic electrolyte in 1 to 50...

20060065545 - System and method for production of hydrogen: A technique is disclosed for a system and method for combined production of power and hydrogen utilizing the heat from a first working fluid heated by a geothermal energy source using a steam generator and an electrolyzer designed to receive the steam produced by the steam generator for the production...

20060065546 - Electric discharge machining electrode and method: A method for electric discharge machining (EDM) with a ductile carbonaceous electrode, to automate roughing, finishing, polishing and texturing operations on a electrically conductive material. The EDM method comprises using a ductile electrically conductive electrode made of carbon-polymer composite material. Prior to electric discharge machining, the electrode is made by...

20060065547 - Device for removing lead sulfate film formed in lead-acid battery: This invention seeks to provide a novel device for removing membranous lead sulfate deposited on electrodes of a lead-acid battery by dissolving the lead sulfate into fine particles without causing the membranous lead sulfate to fall off or be suspended in the electrolytic solution, thus to recover the performance of...

20060065548 - Method for removing lead sulfate film formed in lead-acid battery: This invention seeks to provide a novel method for removing membranous lead sulfate deposited on electrodes of a lead-acid battery by dissolving the lead sulfate into fine particles without causing the membranous lead sulfate to fall off or be suspended in the electrolytic solution, thus to recover the performance of...

20060065549 - Critical orifice gap setting for grooving fluid dynamic bearings: An apparatus and method are provided for electrochemically etching grooves in a working surface. In an aspect, a frame holds a working surface about an axis and facing an electrode movable along the axis. The electrode, axially movable, has surface carrying a groove pattern to fix on the working surface....

20060065550 - Marine anode with current tester: A sacrificial marine anode with a water proof encased current tester to alert an operator of proper connectivity, current status of the cathodic protection system for an associated marine structure, and status of current tester power supply is disclosed....

20060065551 - Corrosion tester: A portable, handheld, automatic protection level interpreting cathodic protection meter for testing the level of protection being afforded to metallic structures protected by either sacrificial anode or impressed current cathodic protection systems, or both. The meter is suitable over a variety of environments including salt water, freshwater, and soil. The...

20060054505 - Controlling the hardness of electrodeposited copper coatings by variation of current profile: Pulse reverse electrolysis of acid copper solutions is used for applying copper deposits of a controlled hardness for applications such as producing printing cylinders. The benefits include improved production capacity. Hardness of the deposit is controlled by varying at least one factor selected from the group consisting of (i) cathodic...

20060054506 - Surface enhanced spectrometry-active composite nanoparticles: Submicron-sized particles or labels that can be covalently or non-covalently affixed to entities of interest for the purpose of quantification, location, identification, tracking, and diagnosis, are described....

20060054507 - Method for producing porous body: A process of a porous body comprises the steps of disposing a first material in which pores are formed by anodization on a substrate to form a first layer, disposing on the first layer a second material which has a hardness lower than that of the first material and an...

20060054508 - Process for rendering metal corrosion-resistant in electrochemical metal deposition: A new and improved method for electroplating a metal onto a substrate in such a manner as to render the metal essentially corrosion-resistant during subsequent substrate processing such as chemical mechanical polishing. The process involves incorporating nitrogen into the metal as the metal is electroplated onto the substrate. The process...

20060054509 - Production of structured hard chrome layers: A method of producing a structured hard chrome layer is described, wherein chromium is deposited from an electrolyte onto a workpiece, said electrolyte containing: (a) a Cr (VI) compound in an amount corresponding to 50 g/l to 600 g/l of chromic acid anhydride (b) 0.5 g/l to 10 g/l of...

20060054510 - Method and apparatus for generating hypochlorous acid (hocl): A hypochlorous acid generator includes a brine tank for holding salt and a brine solution, the brine tank having a water inlet in fluid communication with a source of pressurized water, a brine solution outlet and a salt fill port to allow salt to be added to the brine tank....

20060054511 - Electrochemical deblocking using a hydrazine derivative: A method for electrochemical removal of acid-labile protecting groups on an electrode microarray using an organic solution is disclosed. The solution comprises a hydrazine derivative and a salt in an organic solvent. The hydrazine derivative has at least one hydrazine group having at least one hydrogen. The hydrazine derivative provides...

20060054512 - Methods, devices, and infrastructure systems for separating, removing, compressing, and generating hydrogen: Hydrogen pumps include a proton conducting medium, and a nonporous hydrogen permeable anode electrode and/or nonporous hydrogen permeable cathode electrode. For example, the electrodes may be a solid thin metallic film such as palladium or a palladium alloy such as a palladium-copper alloy that allow for hydrogen permeation but not...

20060049054 - Process for changing anodes in an electrolytic aluminum production cell including adjustment of the position of the anode and device for implementing the process: A process for changing an anode of a cell for the production of aluminum by fused bath electrolysis including a plurality of anodes. According to the invention, an anode handling tool is used including a positioning device, a gripping device and a sensor detecting the vertical position of the gripping...

20060049055 - Device and method for electrochemical reduction: A device for electrochemical reduction of a workpiece (10) includes a workpiece (10), an electrode (20), and an electrolyte (30), which is located between electrode (20) and workpiece (10). The electrode (20) is moved close to the workpiece (10) with a small gap dimension (21), and a processing of the...

20060049056 - Electropolishing and electroplating methods: In one aspect of the present invention, an exemplary method is provided for electroplating a conductive film on a wafer. The method includes electroplating a metal film on a semiconductor structure having recessed regions and non-recessed regions within a first current density range before the metal layer is planar above...

20060049057 - Electrodeposition of biaxial textured films: The present invention provides a method of forming a biaxially textured gold buffer layer (14) a on a substrate(16) by electrodeposition. A superconducting material (12) may be deposited onto the biaxially textured goldlayer (14). The biaxial texturing in the gold layer (14) is maintained in the deposited superconductor material(12) to...

20060049058 - Method for the electrolytic deposition of metals: The present invention relates to a method as well as and electrolyte for the electrolytic deposition of mat or half-glossy copper layers from an acid electrolyte in a pull-through device. The method according to the invention is operated with current densities comprises between 10 and 100 A/dm2 and is suitable...

20060049059 - Method of manufacturing aluminum oxide film with arrayed nanometric pores: The present invention pertains to a method of manufacturing an aluminum oxide film with arrayed nanometric pores, wherein a commercial aluminum substrate is provided firstly; then the aluminum substrate is annealed and then electro-polished in order to have a mirror-like surface, and then anodized in order to form a aluminum...

20060049060 - Porous sintered compact of titanium oxide for production of metallic titanium through direct electrolytic process and process for producing the same: A porous sintered compact of titanium oxide of the present invention is characterized in that it has a porosity of 20 to 65% and a hardness of 60 (HV) or higher, or characterized in that it has a porosity of 20 to 65%, a specific surface area of 0.1 to...

20060049061 - Organic salts and their use as reagents in electrochemical reactions: wherein X is a charged group, Y is a counter-ion, Z is a group capable of being substituted, R1 and R2 mean organic residues, T means a group containing a hetero atom selected among N-R4, O and S, and Q means a connecting group linking the hetero atom and the...

20060049062 - Processes for coating of objects: Processes are disclosed for the coating of objects with a coating composition. The processes include positioning the objects on a continuous belt comprising a supporting member positioned to retain the object thereon, conveying the continuous belt with a drive member such that the continuous belt passes through both a coating...

20060049063 - Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia: A method for the anodic electrochemical synthesis of ammonia gas. The method comprises providing an electrolyte between an anode and a cathode, providing nitrogen and hydrogen gases to the cathode, oxidizing negatively charged nitrogen-containing species and negatively charged hydrogen-containing species present in the electrolyte at the anode to form adsorbed...

20060049064 - Process for electrochemical oxidation of ferrocyanide to ferricyanide: The present invention concerns a process for oxidizing an aqueous phase comprising ferrocyanide (V) which is recovered from an oxidative phenolic coupling reaction, to an aqueous phase comprising ferricyanide (IV), in a divided electrochemical cell, comprising preparing an anolyte comprising pretreating the aqueous phase comprising ferrocyanide (V) which is recovered...

20060042952 - Methods for forming interconnects in vias and microelectronic workpieces including such interconnects: Methods for forming interconnects in blind vias or other types of holes, and microelectronic workpieces having such interconnects. The blind vias can be formed by first removing the bulk of the material from portions of the back side of the workpiece without thinning the entire workpiece. The bulk removal process,...

20060042953 - Noncontact localized electrochemical deposition of metal thin films: A method of selectively electroplating metal features on a semiconductor substrate having a conductive surface. An electrode assembly that includes a plurality of adjacent, mutually spaced and electrically isolated electrodes connected in series so as to be oppositely polarized when a voltage is applied thereacross is positioned over the substrate...

20060042954 - Method for plating resin material: This invention provides a method for plating a resin material that improves adhesion strength between a resin material and a plated metal layer and reduces the cost incurred by plating. This method comprises a step of treating a resin material with ozone water and a step of permitting the resin...

20060042955 - Arc-hydrolysis fuel generator with supplemental energy recovery: An arc-hydrolysis fuel generator and method of use thereof, the generator comprising an inductor placed around an arc-hydrolysis unit, wherein the inductor recovers. magnetic energy generated by the electric arc discharge to supplement the energy recoverable from the hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide/dioxide fuel generated from water and/or biomass by the...

20060042956 - Methods and systems for removing materials from microfeature workpieces with organic and/or non-aqueous electrolytic media: Methods and systems for removing materials from microfeature workpieces are disclosed. A method in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes providing a microfeature workpiece having a substrate material and a conductive material that includes a refractory metal (e.g., tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium, and/or titanium nitride). First and second...

20060042957 - Ion removal from particulate material using electrodeionization process and devices therefor: Methods are disclosed for the electrodeionization and removal of at least some of at least one type of ion from an ion-containing particulate material comprising passing a direct current for a sufficient time between (a) an anode and (b) a cathode, wherein the anode and the cathode are both in...

20060042958 - Device and method for treating water and removing contaminants from soil: Novel water ionization devices are described and claimed. The inventive device comprises an outer tube formed of or having an inner metal liner, a second tube formed of metal and housed within the outer tube, and an innermost tube formed of metal and housed within the second tube. The second...

20060042959 - Microfluidic dynamic vapor control system: A microfluidic dynamic vapor control system adapted to change the chemistry of small drops by dynamically controlling the vapor content surrounding the drops. The small volume surface area ratio makes this an efficient mechanism for controlling chemistry in nanovolumes. The system uses small reservoirs of material that can produce vapor...

20060042964 - Automated system for continuously and automatically calibrating electrochemical sensors: An electrochemical sensor system that continuously monitors and calibrates the sensors included in the system. The invention also includes a method for determining failure patterns of a sensor and incorporating into an electrochemical sensor system the ability to recognize the failure pattern and initiate remedial action....

20060042962 - High-throughput cell assay apparatus: In a high-throughput cell assay apparatus, a cell-and-electrode chip conveying apparatus moves from a cell storage to a measuring portion, and then to a cell-and-electrode chip disposal portion. Thereafter, it is determined if the electrode chip after being used should be re-used, again, or not, by referring to a condition...

20060042963 - Method for detecting the presence or absence of a gas bubble in an aqueous liquid: A method for detecting the presence or absence of a gas bubble in an aqueous liquid is provided comprising providing an amperometric sensor positioned within a measuring chamber, wherein the amperometric sensor is configured to determine the concentration of a gaseous component dissolved in a liquid, the amperometric sensor comprising...

20060042961 - Potentiometric measurement of chloride concentration in an acidic solution: Measuring chloride ions in a sample solution at acidic pH with a potentiometric silver chloride electrode is disclosed....

20060042960 - Self-adjusting electrochemical sensor: A gas detector with a compensated electrochemical sensor exhibits altered sensitivity in response to decreasing stochastic noise in an output thereof. A gain parameter can be adjusted to alter sensitivity. A life-time estimate can be made based on sensitivity....

20060042965 - Heater-contained gas sensor operation starting method and operation stopping method, and operating method: A control apparatus for a gas sensor with a built-in heater is provided which can prevent damage to, deterioration of, and reduction in accuracy of detection of, a gas sensor. When an ignition switch is turned ON, supply of electricity to a heater 27 starts, and when the temperature in...

20060042966 - Device for detecting deterioration of oil: A device for detecting deterioration degree of oil is composed of an electrode unit in a cylindrical coil shape and a detector circuit connected to the electrode unit. The electrode unit is composed of a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, both wound in a coil shape with...