Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems inventions 08/08

20080203923 - Low energy electron cooling system and method for increasing the phase space intensity and overall intensity of low energy ion beams: A low energy electron cooling system and method for increasing the phase space intensity and overall intensity of low energy ion beams, including a vacuum chamber to allow electron beam and ion beam merging and separation, a cathode to generate the electron beam, a collector to collect the electron beam,... Agent: Wilson Daniel Swayze, Jr.

20080203924 - Filament lamp and light irradiation type heat treatment apparatus: A filament lamp comprising a bulb which has a hermetically sealed portion on at least one end and multiple filament assemblies, each filament assembly comprising a coiled filament and connected leads to supply power to that filament, the filament assemblies being sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the bulb,... Agent: Roberts Mlotkowski Safran & Cole, P.C.

20080203925 - Plasma processing apparatus: A plasma processing apparatus includes a processing chamber encased in a vacuum vessel equipped with an evacuator; a sample stage located in the processing chamber and having an upper surface on which a sample as an object to be processed rests; a gas feeding unit for feeding processing gas into... Agent: Antonelli, Terry, Stout & Kraus, LLP

20080203926 - Load driving circuit, driver ic having a load driving circuit, and plasma display panel having a driver ic: A load driving circuit in which a load is connected to the connecting point of transistors as low-side and high-side main switch elements that have a totem pole structure and are connected between a pair of drive voltage supply lines. A protection circuit section is provided for the high-side transistor.... Agent: Rabin & Berdo, PC

20080203927 - Controlling an arrangement of semiconductors emitting light of distinct colors: Controlling an arrangement of semiconductors of which different semiconductors emit light of different distinct colors is disclosed, whereby a feed forward control part, which is dependent on a junction temperature of semiconductors for each color, is operated with first intervals and is adjusted dependent on measure light output for each... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203928 - Method and system for lighting control: A method and a system for controlling at least one lighting arrangement (2), in which the lighting arrangement modulates the light (6, 16, 18) it emits by lighting arrangement data, which contains an identification code identifying the lighting arrangement, a user control device (12) is suitable to receive the light... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203929 - Light generating device, display apparatus having the same and method of driving the same: A light generating device includes a brightness detector. The brightness detector extracts a brightness data from an image data. The light generating device compensates the uniformity of a white light whenever the image data that is greater than a reference gray scale is input through the brightness detector. Thus, the... Agent: Macpherson Kwok Chen & Heid LLP

20080203930 - Electroluminescent display devices: An active matrix display device comprises an array of display pixels provided over a common substrate. Each pixel has a voltage-programmed current source circuit, a drive transistor and a light sensitive device for sensing the display element light output. The light sensitive device provides a current dependent on the display... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203931 - Organic light emitting display and method of manufacturing the same: A light emitting display includes a substrate, a semiconductor layer on the substrate, a first insulation layer on the semiconductor layer, a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on the first insulation layer, the first electrode layer having a first length and the second electrode layer having a... Agent: Lee & Morse, P.C.

20080203932 - Led control method and structure: In one embodiment, an LED system is controlled to have a substantially unity power factor.... Agent: Mr. Jerry Chruma Semiconductor Components Industries, L.L.C.

20080203933 - Pulse width modulation signal generating circuit: A PWM signal generating circuit outputs a stable PWM signal for increasing and deceasing a duty ratio at a predetermined rate within a predetermined period without requiring an improvement of a process capacity of a CPU as compared to a conventional PWM signal generating circuit. The PWM signal generating circuit... Agent: Cooper & Dunham, LLP

20080203935 - Limited current circuit for electro-luminescent lamp inverter: A current limiting device includes a constant current source circuit constructed and arranged to be connected to a direct current input voltage source and to regulate electrical current and a resonance source circuit receiving current from the constant current source circuit. The resonance source circuit is constructed and arranged to... Agent: Gibbons P.C.

20080203934 - Method and circuit for enabling dimming using triac dimmer: To enable dimming of an energy-saving lamp, in particular a gas discharge lamp, using a standard TRIAC dimmer circuit, a large additional current is drawn when the TRIAC is in a non-conductive state, and a small additional current is drawn when the TRIAC is in a conductive state. A current... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203936 - Led drive circuit and led light-emitting device: A driver circuit 3 feeds a pulse signal to an SSR 2 every half wave of alternating-current power from a commercial power source 4, and thereby separately controls the amounts of emitted light of LED groups 1x and 1y forming an LED unit 1, the LED groups 1x and 1y... Agent: Birch Stewart Kolasch & Birch

20080203937 - Method and a circuit arrangement for operating a high intensity discharge lamp: A method and a circuit arrangement (1) for operating a high intensity discharge lamp (2), which is supplied by direct current (DC) supply lines (4, 6), comprising a transformer (40), of which a primary winding (42) is connected in series with an inductor (46) and a capacitor (48) to the... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203938 - Block dimming for hid lamps: To dim a high intensity gas discharge (HID) lamp an inductance is connected in series with said HID lamp. The inductance functions as a ballast. The HID lamp is supplied by a frequency adjustable AC voltage supply. Since the impedance of the inductance is dependent on the frequency of the... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203942 - Current driver circuit and method of operation therefor:

20080203940 - Dim control circuit dimming method and system: A dim control circuit dimming method and system with a dimming ballast dim control circuit (148) includes a dimmer switch input (120) having a first terminal (154) and a second terminal (156), the dimmer switch input (120) operably connected to receive a dim signal (106); a power supply (124); a... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203941 - Image display apparatus and method of controlling over-current therefor: An image display apparatus includes: a lighting unit which includes a lamp unit, and illuminates light onto a display screen; a power supply unit which supplies electric power to drive the lamp unit in the lighting unit; a main circuit unit which outputs a brightness control signal to control brightness... Agent: Sughrue Mion, PLLC

20080203943 - Lighting device: In a lighting device equipped with three light sources supplying red, green and blue light respectively, the color and/or intensity of the light generated by the three light sources together can be adjusted by means of adjustment points. The colors corresponding to the adjustment points are chosen so that for... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203939 - Method and arrangement for monitoring a gas discharge lamp: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement (10) for monitoring a gas discharge lamp (22), comprising a control circuit (18) for detecting an electrical measured value assigned to the lamp voltage. The control circuit (18) is provided for detecting one voltage value prior to a change in current... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203944 - Lighting apparatus with current feedback: A lighting apparatus comprises a plurality of light sources, a power conversion circuit, a plurality of load-driving coils and a feedback generation coil. The power conversion circuit generates a driving signal for the load-driving coils to generate substantially identical driving currents for driving every light source. Furthermore, the feedback generation... Agent: Jianq Chyun Intellectual Property Office

20080203945 - Describing two led colors as a single, lumped led color: A light emitting diode (LED) lighting system for producing white light is disclosed. The system comprises sets of LEDs arranged to emit light with different wavelength ranges and associated with different sets of characteristics, and a driving circuit arranged to drive the LEDs. The driving circuit comprises an input for... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080203946 - Light emitting apparatus: In conduction of light emitting diodes LEDs 1 to 4, a switching signal 101 is converted into a voltage V2 or 0V through a signal converter 26 in accordance with a logic level thereof The voltage obtained by the conversion is compared with a voltage V1 on both ends of... Agent: Fish & Richardson P.C.

20080203947 - Electron emission device, and driving method thereof: Provided is a method of driving an electron emission apparatus used in displays, imaging devices, flat-surface light sources and the like which can restrain a change with time. The method drives the electron emission apparatus including a plurality of electron emission devices each having an electron supply layer formed of... Agent: Drinker Biddle & Reath (dc)

20080203948 - Lighting device: A lighting device includes a control circuit board and a plurality of light-emitting diodes. The light-emitting diodes are electrically connected to the control circuit board and each light light-emitting diode includes at least a red-light chip, a blue-light chip, and a green-light chip. The control circuit board forms a control... Agent: Troxell Law Office PLLC

20080197777 - Light emitting device and electronic appliance: The present invention is to provide a light emitting device capable of obtaining a certain luminance without influence by the temperature change, and a driving method thereof. A current mirror circuit formed by using a transistor is provided for each pixel. The first transistor and the second transistor of the... Agent: Fish & Richardson P.C.

20080197778 - Light emitting device and electronic apparatus: A light emitting device includes a substrate, a light emitting elements that have a first electrode, a second electrode and a light emitting layer, an element layer, an auxiliary electrode that is electrically connected to the second electrode, and an insulating layer. The second electrode is commonly provided for the... Agent: Oliff & Berridge, PLC

20080197779 - Various methods, apparatuses, and systems that use ionic wind to affect heat transfer: A method, apparatus, and system are described for an ionic wind generator. The ionic wind generator may have a first electrode that is elevated off a surface of a device that the ionic wind generator is intended to cool. A first surface of the first electrode is in contact with... Agent: Intel/blakely

20080197780 - Plasma processing apparatus: A plasma processing apparatus includes a first high frequency power for outputting a first high frequency, electrically connected to a first electrode disposed inside a depressurizable processing chamber; a heater power supply electrically connected to a heating element provided in the first electrode via filter circuits for reducing noise of... Agent: Oblon, Spivak, Mcclelland Maier & Neustadt, P.C.

20080197781 - Visual feedback for remote controlled light devcies: The present invention relates to a remote controlled light device (100) comprising a light emitting element (112), which light device is arranged to, in response to a control signal, adjust a property of the light emitting element (112). Additionally, the present invention relates to a remote controlled lighting system and... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080197782 - Method and system for lighting control: A method and a system for controlling at least one lighting arrangement (2), in which the lighting arrangement modulates the light it emits by lighting arrangement data, which contains an identification code identifying the lighting arrangement, a user control device (12) is suitable to receive the light from the lighting... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080197783 - Composite illumination module: A composite illumination module includes at least one first light-emitting element, a light-emitting unit, and a control circuit assembly, and further has a motion sensor. The light-emitting unit has a circuit board and at least one second light-emitting element electrically connected with the circuit board. The wattage and the intensity... Agent: Rosenberg, Klein & Lee

20080197784 - Device for improving pixel addressing: The invention relates to a microelectronic device for producing light radiation according to a wide luminance range which can be used, in particular for forming improved screen pixels or, for example OLED-type display pixels.... Agent: Oblon, Spivak, Mcclelland Maier & Neustadt, P.C.

20080197785 - Display apparatus and electronic apparatus: A display apparatus includes a pixel unit in which pixels are arranged in a matrix pattern; and a driving circuit for driving the pixel unit. Each of the pixels includes a signal level holding capacitor; a first transistor that is turned on/off in response to a writing signal and via... Agent: Rader Fishman & Grauer PLLC

20080197786 - impedance controlled electronic lamp circuit: There is provided lamp ballast impedance controlled electronic lamp circuit, powered by a lamp ballast, for controlling a set of light emitting devices and being, comprising at least one connector, for connecting to the lamp ballast; and for receiving an AC signal; at least one filament control, associated with one... Agent: Borden Ladner Gervais LLP Anne Kinsman

20080197787 - Sinusoidal discharge for el lamp: A driver for powering an EL lamp includes a boost circuit for converting low voltage DC to high voltage DC and an inverter for converting direct current to alternating current. The driver also includes at least one transistor for discharging,the EL lamp and a generator for producing a ramp voltage... Agent: Paul F. Wille Cantor Colburn LLP

20080197788 - Programmable underwater lighting system: The present disclosure relates to a programmable underwater lighting system for pools and spas. A plurality of underwater lights, each having a plurality of LEDs for producing light of various colors, a microprocessor for controlling the plurality of LEDs, and a memory in communication with the microprocessor containing one or... Agent: Mccarter & English, LLP

20080197789 - Light emitting device: A light emitting device includes multiple light units each of which includes a semiconductor light source, and a current supply control means for controlling supply of current to the semiconductor light source. A control unit includes a control signal generation means for generating and providing a control signal. The light... Agent: Fish & Richardson P.C.

20080197790 - Lighting utilizing power over the ethernet: A lighting system is disclosed in which an Ethernet computer network is used to provide power to one or more light sources that are connected directly to the Ethernet. The light sources may include LEDs, fluorescent lamps, HID lamps, and/or exit signs. The exit signs may incorporate cameras. By providing... Agent: Madson & Austin

20080191626 - Lighting system: A lighting system includes a lighting device configured to emit light having varying colors and intensities. In one embodiment, the emission of light occurs in response to pulse width modulated (PWM) signals generated by a control module. The lighting system may be programmed to emit light in accordance with user... Agent: Brooks Kushman P.c./fgtl

20080191627 - High-voltage pulse generator, and lighting apparatus and vehicle having the same: There is provided a high-voltage pulse generator with a reduced radius of rotation and improved performance, and a lighting apparatus and a vehicle having the high-voltage pulse generator. The high-voltage pulse generator includes a pulse transformer in which a primary winding and a secondary winding are wound on a core,... Agent: Greenblum & Bernstein, P.L.C

20080191628 - Emergency lighting system: The present invention relates to an emergency lighting system comprising one or more first lighting elements and a power supply/charging unit that is incorporated in a host lighting fixture having one or more second lighting elements such as an HID, incandescent or fluorescent lamp. Optionally, a heating element can be... Agent: Needle & Rosenberg, P.c.

20080191629 - Focused anode layer ion source with converging and charge compensated beam (falcon): A focused ion source based on a Hall thruster with closed loop electron drift and a narrow acceleration zone is disclosed. The ion source of the invention has an ion focusing system consisting of two parts. The first part is a ballistic focusing system in which the aperture through which... Agent: Michael Gutkin

20080191631 - Illumination control system for light emitters: A lighting fixture (1010) has a fluorescent tube (1012) and a plurality of emitters (1022-1032). A colour sensor (1016) detects light that has been totally internally reflected within a diffuser (1014) and provides a colour feedback signal to a feedback control circuit (1020) to control the light output from the... Agent: Polster, Lieder, Woodruff & Lucchesi

20080191630 - Systems and methods for improved illumination electrical switching: The present invention relates to systems and methods for improved illumination electrical switching. One embodiment of the present invention relates to a system for electrically switching an illumination device in response to detected motion and/or natural light level in a manner that complies and/or exceeds the energy conservation requirements of... Agent: Geoffrey E. Dobbin, Patent Attorney

20080191632 - Light emitting device and method of manufacturing the same: The present invention provides a light emitting device comprising a first semiconductor substrate including a light emitting cell block having a plurality of light emitting cells connected in series on one surface thereof; a second semiconductor substrate having one surface formed with a rectifying bridge and the other surface bonded... Agent: Marger Johnson & Mccollom, P.c.

20080191633 - Serial light-emitting light structure: A serial light-emitting light structure is provided, which consists of a plurality of LED lights, an outer sleeve, a circuit panel, and an outer cover, wherein the plurality of LED lights is mounted onto the circuit panel, and the circuit panel is secured in the outer sleeve via an engagement... Agent: Rosenberg, Klein & Lee

20080191634 - Lamp driving circuit, inverter board and display apparatus having the same: A lamp driving circuit, an inverter board and a display apparatus having the inverter board, the lamp driving circuit receiving a direct current voltage and provides the direct current voltage to a square wave generator, and the square wave generator outputting a first square wave voltage having a duty ratio... Agent: Macpherson Kwok Chen & Heid LLP

20080191635 - Multi-lamp backlight module: A multi-lamp backlight module integrates the capacitors into a circuit board, and the circuit board is located on the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight module includes a driving unit having a driving transformer, and a backlight unit. The driving transformer provides two output terminals. The backlight unit includes a... Agent: Rosenberg, Klein & Lee

20080191636 - Nanotip electrode electroluminescence device: An electroluminescence (EL) device and a method are provided for fabricating said device with a nanotip electrode. The method comprises: forming a bottom electrode with nanotips; forming a Si phosphor layer adjacent the nanotips; and, forming a transparent top electrode. The Si phosphor layer is interposed between the bottom and... Agent: Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. C/o Law Office Of Gerald Maliszewski

20080191637 - Method and apparatus for controlling electrical lighting installations: A simple method and apparatus are described for controlling two or more electrical devices. An encoder receives an alternating current (AC) voltage waveform and converts the AC voltage waveform to a modified voltage waveform selected according to a control input. A decoder located near the electrical devices receives the modified... Agent: Lumenergi (c/o) The Law Office Of Robert A. Mclauchlan

20080191638 - Inductively coupled ballast circuit: A ballast circuit is disclosed for inductively providing power to a load. The ballast circuit includes an oscillator, a driver, a switching circuit, a resonant tank circuit and a current sensing circuit. The current sensing circuit provides a current feedback signal to the oscillator that is representative of the current... Agent: Warner, Norcross & Judd In Re: Alticor Inc.

20080191639 - Flat panel display having a backlight module: A backlight module that includes a lamp and a single side driving inverter that is coupled to one end of the lamp. The single side driving inverter is configured to control an operating current of the lamp to be within 80% to 100% of a saturation luminance current. The lamp... Agent: Fish & Richardson Pc

20080191640 - Stabilizer with brightness control for high intensity discharge lamb: A stabilizer with brightness control for a High Intensity discharge lamp comprising a base, an positive electrode terminal configured with a power input of the base, a negative electrode terminal configured with the base on the same side the positive electrode terminal configured, a power-switching terminal configured with the base... Agent: Schmeiser Olsen & Watts

20080191641 - Image display apparatus and method: The disclosure is directed to image display apparatus and methods. In one example, an image display apparatus comprises a plurality of light source devices that supply color light components. A spatial light modulation device modulates the color light components from the light source devices according to an image signal. A... Agent: Advantedge Law Group, Llc

20080191642 - Methods and apparatus for operating groups of high-power leds: The object of the invention is to implement an energy-efficient, compact and cost-effective solution for driving a number of high-power LED groups for lighting applications, by using a single switching power supply together with LEDs connected in series and/or in parallel and pulse width-controlled switches in parallel across the individually... Agent: Hoffmann & Baron, LLP

20080191643 - Systems and methods for split processor control in a solid state lighting panel: Provided are systems and methods for controlling a solid state lighting panel. A system according to some embodiments of the invention includes a first microprocessor operative to perform color management data processing and generate emitter control data values. The system also includes a second microprocessor operative to receive the emitter... Agent: Myers Bigel Sibley & Sajovec, P.a.

20080191644 - Circuit and method for matching current channels: The present invention discloses a current-matching method comprising steps of: providing a plurality of current channels; grouping the plurality of current channels into W sets, each of which has Q channels; and matching the channels of the same set in current, where both W and Q are integers greater than... Agent: Tung & Associates

20080191645 - System with acceleration tube conditioning apparatus and acceleration tube conditioning method: In an acceleration tube conditioning apparatus for performing a conditioning process on an acceleration tube when a high frequency power signal to be supplied to an acceleration tube is generated by a high frequency power supply, a power value collecting section collects a traveling wave power value and a reflection... Agent: Birch Stewart Kolasch & Birch

20080185966 - System for pre-indication of motor vehicle hid lamp feature: Vehicle high intensity discharge lamps are available with three wire ballasts which emit a signal indicating proximate shutdown of the ballast and thus failure of the bulb energized by the ballast. The signal provides indication to a vehicle electrical controller which can be relayed to a remote facility which schedules... Agent: International Truck Intellectual Property Company,

20080185967 - High-intensity discharge lamp: A high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp comprising an inner bulb (1) with a discharge vessel (11) and an outer bulb (2), especially for application in an automotive headlight unit is disclosed. A lamp design is proposed by which high thermal stresses and increased quartz temperatures during run-up and steady state operation... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080185968 - Method for lamp life control of a gas discharge lamp, a gas discharge lamp driver circuit, a gas discharge lamp and an assembly of a gas discharge lamp and a lamp driver circuit: The lamp life of a gas discharge lamp (6) depends inter alia on the deterioration of an electrode of the lamp during operation. The deterioration depends on an operating temperature of the electrode. A method according to the present invention for controlling the lamp life includes controlling the electrode temperature... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080185969 - Illumination control: Controlling a lighting system, which comprises a controller (2, 10), lighting units (6), and a sensing device. Each lighting unit comprises a lighting source (12) and a modulated light source (14). A single light source may be used to function as both the lighting source and the modulated light source.... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080185970 - System and apparatus for cathodoluminescent lighting: A cathodolumineseent lighting system has a light emitting device having an envelope with a transparent face, a cathode for emitting electrons, an anode with a phosphor layer and a conductor layer. The phosphor layer emits light through the transparent face of the envelope. The system also has a power supply... Agent: Lathrop & Gage Lc

20080185972 - Light emitting display device: A light emitting display device includes a substrate processed to have a flat surface; a light emitting laminate thin film fixed to the flat surface of the substrate; a wiring portion connected to an electrode of the light emitting laminate thin film; and a drive unit connected to the wiring... Agent: Takuchi & Kubotera, LLP

20080185971 - Organic electroluminescent device allowing adjustment of chromaticity: An object of the invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device emitting a light at an emission chromaticity properly adjusted while the luminescence brightness is kept constant. The organic electroluminescent device according to the invention, has an organic electroluminescence element having electrodes and an organic electroluminescent layer emitting white... Agent: Birch Stewart Kolasch & Birch

20080185973 - Year-round decorative lights with selectable color schemes and associated methods: A decorative lighting apparatus has user-selectable color schemes for a variety of different applications. In one illustrative embodiment, a selective illumination of two or more light colors in accordance with a first sports team color scheme is provided in response to a first user switch setting of the decorative lighting... Agent: John J. Oskorep, Esq. One Magnificent Mile Center

20080185974 - Lighting assembly and method of operating a discharge lamp: A lighting assembly, a driver circuit, and a method of operating a discharge lamp are described. A discharge lamp (10) comprises a discharge vessel (14) with at least two electrodes (16) arranged at a distance d for generating an arc between the electrode (16). Driver electronics (32) operate the lamp... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080185975 - System and method for wide-range high-accuracy-low-dropout current regulation: The invention teaches a semiconductor circuit for driving an LED in which the current passing through the LED is regulated by adjusting the NMOS Rdson using a series of digital signals. The circuit maintains a high current accuracy over wide range of current changes while keeping a low voltage drop.... Agent: Dahyee Law Group

20080185976 - Display backlight system and method: A system and method for controlling backlight luminance of a display that includes a display region in which an image may be selectively rendered includes one or more devices for determining if operation in a reduced power mode is desired. If operation in the reduced power mode is not desired,... Agent: Honeywell International Inc.

20080185977 - Distributed intelligence ballast system and extended lighting control protocol: A ballast for use in a multi-ballast lighting system wherein the ballasts are coupled together by a digital communication network. The ballast comprises a power circuit portion for providing an electrical current to power a lamp. The ballast further includes a sensor input circuit for receiving at least one sensor... Agent: Ostrolenk Faber Gerb & Soffen

20080185979 - Discharge lamp drive control circuit: A single comparison circuit detects load open circuit abnormality and load short circuit abnormality of a discharge lamp operating at a high-frequency driving voltage, with a small number of circuit elements. A discharge lamp drive control circuit includes an inverter control circuit, a positive change voltage detecting circuit which detects... Agent: Coats & Bennett, PLLC

20080185978 - Light source driving apparatus, display device having the same, and driving method thereof: A light source driving apparatus for time-dividing and driving a plurality of light sources, a display device having the same, and a driving method thereof are provided. The light source driving apparatus includes a light source module including a plurality of light sources; a light source driver which outputs a... Agent: Sughrue Mion, PLLC

20080185980 - Robust driver for high intensity discharge lamp: A circuit arrangement and a method for operating a high intensity discharge lamp driver, which assure long-lasting stable operation of a high intensity discharge lamp regardless of the type or the age of the lamp. This is achieved by the determination of a correctional setpoint signal for a given time... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards

20080185981 - Ignitor disconnection control system and method: An ignitor disconnection control system and method includes an ignitor having a semi-conductor switch (58) and capacitor (60) connected in series to form a junction (70) between the semi-conductor switch (58) and the capacitor (60), and a series circuit (68) connected between the junction (70) and common (32). The series... Agent: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards