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Diagnostic measurement of diseaseRelated Patent Categories: Chemistry: Molecular Biology And Microbiology, Measuring Or Testing Process Involving Enzymes Or Micro-organisms; Composition Or Test Strip Therefore; Processes Of Forming Such Composition Or Test StripDiagnostic measurement of disease description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060194194, Diagnostic measurement of disease. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/652,030, filed on Feb. 11, 2005. The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference. FIELD [0002] The present teachings relates to methods and systems for diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune diseases and disorders and non-autoimmune proliferative diseases and disorders. BACKGROUND [0003] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art. [0004] Autoimmune diseases and disorders, and non-autoimmune proliferative diseases and disorders, are typically diagnosed after they have become established in a subject. This often involves, e.g., an imaging technique to visualize either a suspected site of tissue degradation or inflammation, or a suspected tumor site in the body. Such tests are normally performed for patients already presenting with health complaints. [0005] Biopsies are typically performed to obtain tissue from such patients for diagnostic assay, in order to generate a basis for diagnosis. Autoimmune diagnostic assays traditionally involve assays of, e.g., serum proteins and factors, such as antibodies and complement inhibitors. Typical diagnostic assays involve detection of a subject's autoantibodies or of the subject's antibody protein concentration ratio(s), the latter typically determining a subject's IgG or IgA subclass deficiencies or IgG light chain subclass deficiencies. In the case of autoantibodies, binding assays are performed either: (1) using detectably labeled reagents, such as detectably labeled antigens or detectably labeled anti-idiotypic antibodies in immunofluorescence or enzyme immunoassays for detection of a labeled binding reaction product; or (2) using immunodiffusion techniques or spectrophotometric antibody-antigen binding tests. [0006] However, such tests rely on measurement of secondary factors, such as immune system products, rather than on direct measurements of immune system components. In part because of this, the assays are attendant with a potential risk of missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis because of, e.g., antigen cross-reactivity and patient-specific biochemical variations, and because in some cases, autoantibodies cannot be detected from a biopsied sample, as a result of cross-reaction in vivo with the patient's own anti-idiotypic antibodies in a phenomenon called masking. Such assays are also limited by the choice and availability of autoantigens or anti-idiotypic antibodies to be used. In addition, the assays typically lack the capability to perform early detection of disease or early detection of epitope spreading pursuant to the disease. [0007] Moreover, not every autoimmune disease has yet had its target antigen identified, and it is likely that there are a number of diseases not yet recognized as being autoimmune in nature. For example, it was not until 1988 that type 1 diabetes was identified as an autoimmune disorder, and only since then have vitiligo and psoriasis been so identified. [0008] As a result, it would be advantageous to provide a diagnostic system and method: that can be used to perform direct tests on immune system or other proliferative cells; that are capable of identifying abnormal cell function associated with disease without use of labeled reagents; that also permit, but do not require, provision of an autoantigen; that are capable of routine use; and that can be used to make early detection of autoimmune diseases or disorders, of epitope spreading pursuant to an autoimmune disease or disorder, or of non-autoimmune proliferative diseases or disorders. SUMMARY [0009] According to the principles of the present teachings, various embodiments diagnostic systems and methods that can be used to perform direct tests on immune system or other proliferative cells, which are capable of identifying abnormal cell function associate with disease without use of labeled reagents; that also permit, but do not require provision of an autoantigen; that are capable of routine use; and that can be used to make early detection of autoimmune diseases or disorders, of epitope spreading pursuant to an autoimmune disease or disorder, or of non-autoimmune proliferative diseases or disorders. [0010] Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. DRAWINGS [0011] The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. [0012] FIG. 1 shows a cartoon illustrating the involvement of voltage-gated Kv1.3 channels and voltage-independent Ca2' release-activated Ca.sup.2+ (CRAC) channels in the activation of a CD4.sup.+ T cells by an antigen-presenting cell (APC). [0013] FIG. 2 shows the principle of high throughput ion channel recording. A) Schematic side-view of an individual microwell with a cell sealed automatically onto a small pore by suction. B) Schematic top-view of a section of 20 microwells. C) Photograph of a 384-well "patch-plate" used in the instrument from Essen Instruments. D) Photograph of the Ion Works High-Throughput ion-channel analysis instrument. [0014] FIG. 3 shows the measure of specificity improvement when testing for ion-gated channels using T-cells enriched for CD8+. [0015] FIG. 4 shows the comparison of Kv1.3 activity in MS patients and control subjects from CD8.sup.+ enriched T cell preparations. Applying the same experimental protocol and analysis to all samples. Kv1.3 activity is determined by the instrument. Only cells with a seal resistance of at least 75 MOhms are included in the analysis. [0016] FIG. 5 shows the comparison of the total Kv1.3 current in MS patients and control subjects from three different T cell preparations. The total Kv1.3 currents in MS patients are normalized to the currents found in the respective preparations of control subjects (the average total current for each T cell preparation in control and subjects was set to 100%). [0017] FIG. 6 shows the comparison of ion channel activity in lymphocytes from MS patients with control patients. The bar-graphs indicate that blood samples from M S patients contained up to 16% cells with "MS-specific Kv1.3 ion channel currents" (activity>150 nAnsec). [0018] FIG. 7 shows representative traces of Kv1.3 current in patient and control subjects before and after addition of ShK blocker. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Continue reading about Diagnostic measurement of disease... Full patent description for Diagnostic measurement of disease Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Diagnostic measurement of disease patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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