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Diagnosis and treatment of ptp related disordersRelated Patent Categories: Chemistry: Molecular Biology And Microbiology, Measuring Or Testing Process Involving Enzymes Or Micro-organisms; Composition Or Test Strip Therefore; Processes Of Forming Such Composition Or Test Strip, Involving Nucleic AcidDiagnosis and treatment of ptp related disorders description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060019305, Diagnosis and treatment of ptp related disorders. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority to the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/049,756, by Plowman et al., entitled "Diagnosis and Treatment of ALP Related Disorders," and filed Jun. 11, 1997, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, including any drawings. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to tyrosine phosphatases. In particular, the invention concerns a new family of phosphatase proteins, nucleotide sequences encoding these proteins, various products and assay methods that can be used for identifying compounds useful for the diagnosis and treatment of various PTP-related diseases and conditions, for example cell proliferative disorders. Two family members have been identified which we have called PTP05 and PTP10. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] The following description is provided to aid in understanding the invention but is not admitted to be prior art to the invention. [0004] Cellular signal transduction is a fundamental mechanism whereby external stimuli that regulate diverse cellular processes are relayed to the interior of cells. One of the key biochemical mechanisms of signal transduction involves the reversible phosphorylation of proteins, which enables regulation of the activity of mature proteins by altering their structure and function. The best characterized protein kinases in eukaryotes phosphorylate proteins on the alcohol moiety of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues. These kinases largely fall into two groups, those specific for phosphorylating serines and threonines, and those specific for phosphorylating tyrosines. [0005] The phosphorylation state of a given substrate is also regulated by a class of proteins responsible for removal of the phosphate group added to a given substrate by a protein kinase. The protein phosphatases can also be classified as being specific for either serine/threonine or tyrosine. The known enzymes can be divided into two groups--receptor and non-receptor type proteins. Most receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) contain two conserved catalytic tyrosine phosphatase domains each of which encompasses a segment of 240 amino acid residues (Saito et al., Cell Growth and Diff. 2:59-65, 1991). The RPTPs can be subclassified further based upon the amino acid sequence diversity of their extracellular domains (Saito, et al., supra; Krueger, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7417-7421, 1992). Alignment of primary peptide sequences of both types of known PTPases shows some sequence consensus in catalytic domains and has made it possible to identify cDNAs encoding proteins with tyrosine phosphate activity via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [0006] Many kinases and phosphatases are involved in regulatory cascades wherein their substrates may include, but are not limited to, other kinases and phosphatases whose activities are regulated by their phosphorylation state. Ultimately the activity of some downstream effector is modulated by phosphorylation resulting from activation of such a pathway. [0007] It is well established that the abnormal or inappropriate activity of tyrosine kinases and/or tyrosine phosphatases plays a role in a variety of human disorders including cell proliferative disorders such as cancer, fibrotic disorders, disorders of the immune system and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. A need, therefore, exists to identify new tyrosine kinases and phosphatases as a first step in understanding a disease process and the subsequent identification of therapeutic treatments for the disorder. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0008] Disclosed herein is a family of tyrosine phosphatases expressed in hematopoietic cells, two members of which we have named PTP05 and PTP10. The properties of these phosphatases are described below. The present invention concerns PTP05 and PTP10 polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding such polypeptides, cells, tissues and animals containing such nucleic acids, antibodies to the polypeptides, assays utilizing the polypeptides, and methods relating to all of the foregoing. [0009] A first aspect of the invention features an isolated, enriched, or purified nucleic acid molecule encoding a PTP05 or a PTP10 polypeptide. [0010] By "isolated" in reference to nucleic acid it is meant a polymer of 14, 17, 21 or more nucleotides conjugated to each other, including DNA or RNA that is isolated from a natural source or that is synthesized. The isolated nucleic acid of the present invention is unique in the sense that it is not found in a pure or separated state in nature. Use of the term "isolated" indicates that a naturally occurring sequence has been removed from its normal cellular (i.e., chromosomal) environment. Thus, the sequence may be in a cell-free solution or placed in a different cellular environment. The term does not imply that the sequence is the only nucleotide sequence present, but that it is essentially free (about 90-95% pure at least) of non-nucleotide material naturally associated with it and thus is meant to be distinguished from isolated chromosomes. [0011] By the use of the term "enriched" in reference to nucleic acid it is meant that the specific DNA or RNA sequence constitutes a significantly higher fraction (2-5) fold of the total DNA or RNA present in the cells or solution of interest than in normal or diseased cells or in the cells from which the sequence was taken. This could be caused by a person by preferential reduction in the amount of other DNA or RNA present, or by a preferential increase in the amount of the specific DNA or RNA sequence, or by a combination of the two. However, it should be noted that "enriched" does not imply that there are no other DNA or RNA sequences present, just that the relative amount of the sequence of interest has been significantly increased. [0012] The term "significant" here is used to indicate that the level of increase is useful to the person making such an increase, and generally means an increase relative to other nucleic acids of about at least 2 fold, more preferably at least 5 to 10 fold or even more. The term also does not imply that there is no DNA or RNA from other sources. The other source DNA may, for example, comprise DNA from a yeast or bacterial genome, or a cloning vector such as pUC19. This term distinguishes the sequence from naturally occurring enrichment events, such as viral infection, or tumor type growths, in which the level of one mRNA may be naturally increased relative to other species of mRNA. That is, the term is meant to cover only those situations in which a person has intervened to elevate the proportion of the desired nucleic acid. [0013] It is also advantageous for some purposes that a nucleotide sequence be in purified form. The term "purified" in reference to nucleic acid does not require absolute purity (such as a homogeneous preparation); instead, it represents an indication that the sequence is relatively purer than in the natural environment (compared to the natural level this level should be at least 2-5 fold greater, e.g., in terms of mg/mL). Individual clones isolated from a cDNA library may be purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The claimed DNA molecules obtained from these clones can be obtained directly from total DNA or from total RNA. The cDNA clones are not naturally occurring, but rather are preferably obtained via manipulation of a partially purified naturally occurring substance (messenger RNA). The construction of a cDNA library from mRNA involves the creation of a synthetic substance (cDNA) and pure individual cDNA clones can be isolated from the synthetic library by clonal selection of the cells carrying the cDNA library. Thus, the process which includes the construction of a cDNA library from mRNA and isolation of distinct cDNA clones yields an approximately 10' fold purification of the native message. Thus, purification of at least one order of magnitude, preferably two or three orders, and more preferably four or five orders of magnitude is expressly contemplated. The term is also chosen to distinguish clones already in existence which may encode PTP05 or PTP10 but which have not been isolated from other clones in a library of clones. Thus, the term covers clones encoding PTP05 or PTP10 which are isolated from other non-PTP05 clones or non-PTP10 clones. [0014] The term "nucleic acid molecule" describes a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides (DNA) or ribonucleotides (RNA). The nucleic acid molecule may be isolated from a natural source by cDNA cloning or subtractive hybridization or synthesized manually. The nucleic acid molecule may be synthesized manually by the triester synthetic method or by using an automated DNA synthesizer. [0015] The term "cDNA cloning" refers to hybridizing a small nucleic acid molecule, a probe, to genomic cDNA. The probe hybridizes (binds) to complementary sequences of cDNA. [0016] The term "complementary" describes two nucleotides that can form multiple favorable interactions with one another. For example, adenine is complementary to thymine as they can form two hydrogen bonds. Similarly, guanine and cytosine are complementary since they can form three hydrogen bonds. Thus if a nucleic acid sequence contains the following sequence of bases, thymine, adenine, guanine and cytosine, a "complement" of this nucleic acid molecule would be a molecule containing adenine in the place of thymine, thymine in the place of adenine, cytosine in the place of guanine, and guanine in the place of cytosine. Because the complement can contain a nucleic acid sequence that forms optimal interactions with the parent nucleic acid molecule, such a complement can bind with high affinity to its parent molecule. [0017] The term "hybridize" refers to a method of interacting a nucleic acid sequence with a DNA or RNA molecule in solution or on a solid support, such as cellulose or nitrocellulose. If a nucleic acid sequence binds to the DNA or RNA molecule with high affinity, it is said to "hybridize" to the DNA or RNA molecule. The strength of the interaction between the probing sequence and its target can be assessed by varying the stringency of the hybridization conditions. Under highly stringent hybridization conditions only highly complementary nucleic acid sequences hybridize. Preferably, such conditions prevent hybridization of nucleic acids having one or two mismatches out of 20 contiguous nucleotides. [0018] Various low or high stringency hybridization conditions may be used depending upon the specificity and selectivity desired. Stringency is controlled by varying salt or denaturant concentrations. Examples of hybridization conditions are shown in the examples below. High stringent conditions may mean conditions that are at least as stringent as the following: hybridization in 50% formamide, 5.times.SSC, 50 mM NaH.sub.3PO.sub.4, pH 6.8, 0.5% SDS, 0.1 mg/mL sonicated salmon sperm DNA, and 5.times. Denhart solution at 42.degree. C. overnight; washing with 2.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS at 45.degree. C.; and washing with 0.2.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS at 45.degree. C. Those skilled in the art will recognize how such conditions can be varied to vary specificity and selectivity. [0019] A PTP05 or PTP10 polypeptide can be encoded by a full-length nucleic acid sequence or any portion of the full-length nucleic acid sequence. In preferred embodiments the isolated nucleic acid comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, or SEQ ID NO:4, a nucleic acid sequence that hybridizes to the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, or SEQ ID NO:4, or a functional derivative (as defined below) of either of the foregoing. The nucleic acid may be isolated from a natural source by cDNA cloning or subtractive hybridization; the natural source may be mammalian (human) blood, semen, or tissue and the nucleic acid may be synthesized by the triester or other method or by using an automated DNA synthesizer. [0020] In other preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the invention comprises a nucleotide sequence that (a) encodes a polypeptide having the full length amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2; (b) is the complement of the nucleotide sequence of (a); (c) hybridizes under highly stringent conditions to the nucleotide molecule of (a) and encodes a naturally occurring PTP05 or PTP10 polypeptide; (d) encodes a PTP05 or a PTP10 polypeptide having the full length amino acid sequence of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, or SEQ ID NO:8 except that it lacks one or more of the following segments of amino acid residues: 1-187, 188-420, 421-426 of SEQ ID NO:5, 44-80, 225-457, 458-463 of SEQ ID NO:6, or 1-87, 188-405, 406-412 of SEQ ID NO:7; (e) is the complement of the nucleotide sequence of (d); (f) encodes a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, or SEQ ID NO:8 from amino acid residues 1-187, 188-420, 421-426 of SEQ ID NO:5, 44-80, 225-457, 458-463 of SEQ ID NO:6, or 1-87, 188-405, 406-412 of SEQ ID NO:7; (g) is the complement of the nucleotide sequence of (f); (h) encodes a polypeptide having the full length amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, or SEQ ID NO:8 except that it lacks one or more of the domains selected from the group consisting of an N-terminal domain, a catalytic domain, and a C-terminal domian; or (i) is the complement of the nucleotide sequence of (h). The nucleic acid molecule of the invention is isolated, enriched, or purified from, preferably, a mammal, or most preferably from a human. Continue reading about Diagnosis and treatment of ptp related disorders... Full patent description for Diagnosis and treatment of ptp related disorders Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Diagnosis and treatment of ptp related disorders patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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