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Devices with multiple surface functionalityRelated Patent Categories: Stock Material Or Miscellaneous Articles, Hollow Or Container Type Article (e.g., Tube, Vase, Etc.), Glass, Ceramic, Or Sintered, Fused, Fired, Or Calcined Metal Oxide Or Metal Carbide Containing (e.g., Porcelain, Brick, Cement, Etc.)Devices with multiple surface functionality description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060194008, Devices with multiple surface functionality. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/643,647 filed Jan. 13, 2005; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/643,648 filed Jan. 13, 2005; U.S. Application No. 60/684,159 filed May 25, 2005; U.S. Application No. 60/699,498 filed Jul. 15, 2005; and, U.S. Application No. 60/707,525 filed Aug. 12, 2005, the entire contents of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. [0002] This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/876,294, filed Jun. 23, 2004, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/480,670, filed Jun. 23, 2003, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/405,557, filed Apr. 1, 2003, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/369,236 and 60/369,237, both filed Apr. 1, 2002, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/179,743, filed Jun. 24, 2002, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/300,144 and 60/389,574, filed Jun. 22, 2001 and Jun. 18, 2002, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/668,080, filed Sep. 22, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,645,644, issued Nov. 11, 2003 which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No, 60/155,398, filed Sep. 22, 1999. [0003] The present application also is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/701,591, filed Nov. 4, 2003, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/490,613, 60/467,348, 60/446,680, and 60/446,681, filed Jul. 28, 2003, May 2, 2003, Feb. 11, 2003, and Feb. 11, 2003, respectively. [0004] The disclosures of all of the above-described prior applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0005] The present invention relates to the provision of a medical device with one or more surface coatings covalently bonded to the oxide surface of one or more regions of the device to create different desirable surface properties on each region of the device surface. The present invention also relates to the provision of an adherent, self-assembled, phosphorous acid-based coating on an oxide surface, both as a coating layer for the surface and as an interface between the oxide surface and overlaying layers. Although the present application is illustrated below with the provision of orthopedic devices with multiple surface functionality derived from surface-bonded, organic acid-based mono-layers, it will be appreciated that the methods and devices of the present invention provided thereby have much broader applicability. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0006] Implantable medical devices, whether partially or completely implanted in the body, are frequently exposed to multiple types of physiological environments. It is frequently desirable for a device to exhibit different properties or biological functionality on different regions of the device surface depending on the physiological environment. Examples of specific functions that may be desirable for medical implant surfaces include: EXAMPLE 1 Cell Specific Adhesion and Attraction [0007] It is frequently desirable to promote the adhesion of specific cells to surfaces. For example, for orthopedic implants and dental, it is desirable to specifically attract osteoblasts to a surface. For devices in contact with arterial walls, such as stents, it may be desirable to promote adhesion of specific endothelial cells to the outer wall of the stent to promote the arterial wall to heal and incorporate the stent. EXAMPLE 2 Non-Adhesion [0008] It is frequently desirable to prevent adhesion of cells, proteins or other biomolecules to certain surfaces of medical implants. For example, implant surfaces with long term exposure to blood may generate thrombus. Inflammatory cells may also adhere to and proliferate on implant surfaces leading to increased inflammation and decreased healing rates. Adherence of thrombus and inflammatory cells can be minimized by a non-adherent surface. EXAMPLE 3 Anti-Corrosion [0009] When exposed to physiological conditions, the surface of a metal implant corrodes and leaches metal ions into the body. Some patients exhibit heightened sensitivity or allergic response to certain metal alloys. For example, some patients exhibit nickel sensitivity. Metal sensitivity may lead to implant rejection and require explantation. Other metal ions, such as chromium, may have long term toxicity. It would be desirable to design a coated medical device that retains its medical functionality, but that exhibits significantly lower leaching of metal ions. EXAMPLE 4 Anti-Infection [0010] Infection presents a serious concern for implants. It would be desirable to covalently attach antibiotics, anti-microbial agents or agents that disrupt microbial pathogenesis such as anti-quorum sensing agents to regions of an implant. EXAMPLE 5 Anti-Inflammatory [0011] Implantation or deployment of medical devices frequently causes injury at the site of deployment/implantation. For example, balloon expandable stents injure the arterial wall when deployed resulting in inflammation that causes partial or complete restenosis of the artery. Similarly with orthopedic implants, trauma and inflammation from implantation results in long healing times. It would be desirable to provide an anti-inflammatory coating on portions of an implant. 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