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  Delivering ablation therapy in a heart chamberRelated Patent Categories: Surgery, Instruments, Electrical Application, ApplicatorsDelivering ablation therapy in a heart chamber description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060084972, Delivering ablation therapy in a heart chamber. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/375,752, filed Feb. 26, 2003, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/588,930, filed Jun. 7, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,603,996, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/387,832, filed May 26, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,240,307, which is a national stage application of PCT/US93/09015, filed Sep. 23, 1993, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/950,448, filed Sep. 23, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,297,549 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/949,690, filed Sep. 23, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,311,866, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Technical Field [0003] The invention discloses the apparatus and technique for forming a three-dimensional electrical map of the interior of a heart chamber, and a related technique for forming a two-dimensional subsurface map at a particular location in the endocardial wall. [0004] 2. Background Art [0005] It is common to measure the electrical potentials present on the interior surface of the heart as a part of an electrophysiologic study of a patient's heart. Typically such measurements are used to form a two-dimensional map of the electrical activity of the heart muscle. An electrophysiologist will use the map to locate centers of ectopic electrical activity occurring within the cardiac tissues. One traditional mapping technique involves a sequence of electrical measurements taken from mobile electrodes inserted into the heart chamber and placed in contact with the surface of the heart. An alternative mapping technique takes essentially simultaneous measurements from a floating electrode array to generate a two-dimensional map of electrical potentials. [0006] The two-dimensional maps of the electrical potentials at the endocardial surface generated by these traditional processes suffer many defects. Traditional systems have been limited in resolution by the number of electrodes used. The number of electrodes dictated the number of points for which the electrical activity of the endocardial surface could be mapped. Therefore, progress in endocardial mapping has involved either the introduction of progressively more electrodes on the mapping catheter or improved flexibility for moving a small mapping probe with electrodes from place to place on the endocardial surface. Direct contact with electrically active tissue is required by most systems in the prior art in order to obtain well conditioned electrical signals. An exception is a non-contact approach with spot electrodes. These spot electrodes spatially average the electrical signal through their conical view of the blood media. This approach therefore also produces one signal for each electrode. The small number of signals from the endocardial wall will result in the inability to accurately resolve the location of ectopic tissue masses. In the prior art, iso-potentials are interpolated and plotted on a rectilinear map which can only crudely represent the unfolded interior surface of the heart. Such two-dimensional maps are generated by interpolation processes which "fill in" contours based upon a limited set of measurements. Such interpolated two-dimensional maps have significant deficiencies. First, if a localized ectopic focus is between two electrode views such a map will at best show the ectopic focus overlaying both electrodes and all points in between and at worst will not see it at all. Second, the two dimensional map, since it contains no chamber geometry information, cannot indicate precisely where in the three dimensional volume of the heart chamber an electrical signal is located. The inability to accurately characterize the size and location of ectopic tissue frustrates the delivery of certain therapies such as "ablation". BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0007] In general the present invention provides a method for producing a high-resolution, three-dimensional map of electrical activity of the inside surface of a heart chamber. [0008] The invention uses a specialized catheter system to obtain the information necessary to generate such a map. [0009] In general the invention provides a system and method which permits the location of catheter electrodes to be visualized in the three-dimensional map. [0010] The invention may also be used to provide a two-dimensional map of electrical potential at or below the myocardial tissue surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES [0011] Additional features of the invention will appear from the following description in which the illustrative embodiment is set forth in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that many modifications to the invention, and in particular to the preferred embodiment illustrated in these drawings, may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. [0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the system. [0013] FIG. 2 is a view of the catheter assembly placed in an endocardial cavity. [0014] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the catheter assembly. [0015] FIG. 4 is a view of the mapping catheter with the deformable lead body in the collapsed position. [0016] FIG. 5 is a view of the mapping catheter with the deformable lead body in the expanded position. [0017] FIG. 6 is a view of the reference catheter. [0018] FIG. 7 is a schematic view representing the display of the three-dimensional map. [0019] FIG. 8 is a side view of an alternate reference catheter. [0020] FIG. 9 is a side view of an alternate reference catheter. Continue reading about Delivering ablation therapy in a heart chamber... Full patent description for Delivering ablation therapy in a heart chamber Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Delivering ablation therapy in a heart chamber patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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