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Decoder architecture for optimized error management in streaming multimediaRelated Patent Categories: Error Detection/correction And Fault Detection/recovery, Pulse Or Data Error Handling, Digital Data Error CorrectionDecoder architecture for optimized error management in streaming multimedia description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20060282737, Decoder architecture for optimized error management in streaming multimedia. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119 [0001] The present Application for Patent claims priority to Provisional Application No. 60/660,681 entitled "Method and Apparatus for Error Recovery in Video Communications" filed Mar. 10, 2005, Provisional Application No. 60/660,923 entitled "A Method And Apparatus For Video Decoding" filed Mar. 10, 2005, and Provisional Application No. 60/660,867 entitled "Method Of Error Recovery For A Decoder" filed Mar. 10, 2005, all of which are assigned to the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein. BACKGROUND [0002] 1. Field [0003] This invention relates to methods and apparatus for decoding real-time streaming media on handheld devices. [0004] 2. Background [0005] Due to the explosive growth and great success of the Internet and wireless communication, as well as increasing demand for multimedia services, streaming media over the Internet and mobile/wireless channels has drawn tremendous attention. In heterogeneous Internet Protocol (IP) networks, video is provided by a server and can be streamed by one or more clients. Wired connections include dial-up, integrated services digital network (ISDN), cable, digital subscriber line protocols (collectively referred to as xDSL), fiber, local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN) and others. The transmission mode can be either uni-cast or multi-cast. [0006] Similar to the heterogeneous IP network is mobile/wireless communication. Transport of multimedia content over mobile/wireless channels is very challenging because these channels are often severely impaired due to multi-path fading, shadowing, inter-symbol interference, and noise disturbances. Some other reasons such as mobility and competing traffic also cause bandwidth variations and loss. The channel noise and the number of users being served determine the time-varying property of channel environments. [0007] The demands of higher data rates and higher quality of service in both heterogeneous IP networks and mobile communication systems are growing rapidly. However, factors such as limited delay times, limited transmit power, limited bandwidth and multi-path fading continue to restrict the data rates handled by practical systems. In multimedia communications, particularly in error-prone environments, error resilience of the transmitted media is critical in providing the desired quality of service because errors in even a single decoded value can lead to decoding artifacts propagating spatially and temporally. Various encoding measures have been used to minimize errors while maintaining a necessary data rate, however all of these techniques suffer from problems with errors arriving at the decoder side. [0008] Through the use of a source encoder, data is compressed--conveying the maximum information by expending the minimum number of bits, followed by a channel encoder that tends to maximize the capacity of the transmission channel for a given probability of error in receiving these bits. [0009] Channel coding, for example, Reed-Solomon coding, is used to improve the robustness of the source-coded data. Joint source-channel coding methodologies have been used to provide varying levels of error protection to source coded data with varying levels of importance or to enable rate adaptation of coded video data to available network bandwidth through partitioning and dropping packets. This is because the common transport protocols do not deliver corrupted data to the source decoder. [0010] Source coding techniques such as reversible variable length coding (e.g. in MPEG-4) have been used for error recovery by decoding the packet in the reverse order when corrupt packets are in fact received. There is a compromise in coding efficiency with source coding techniques, which translates to quality of decoded video for a given bit rate. [0011] Hybrid coding standards, such as MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 (collectively referred to as MPEG-x), H.261, H.262, H.263, and H.264 (collectively referred to as H.26x), use resynchronization points in the bitstream as the main method of handling errors at the decoder. [0012] Another reason that may cause data loss in excess of the initial corruption is due to incorrect codeword emulation. The identification of the initial bit error position is not a trivial task and typically is not possible without a special design supporting the identification of bit error positions in a MAC layer or physical layer component. Hence, upon detecting bitstream corruption, the decoder may have to stop decoding and move forward in the bitstream to find the next resynchronization point, and in the process necessarily skipping a sizeable amount of potentially healthy data. Although emulation of a different codeword, which is the same length as the original, i.e. authentic, codeword might seem to be less of a problem with respect to the sequence of events described above, this is actually not the case. There are many ways in which this kind of an error may lead to failures in a decoder's correct bitstream interpretation. For example, in most current codecs there are objects in the bitstream (compression related parameters) whose values influence the syntax of the following portion of the bitstream. Hence, an incorrect value for such an object may lead to an incorrect bitstream interpretation. [0013] Because the common transport protocols do not deliver corrupted data to the decoder (e.g., a video or audio decoder application), the decoder has a limited ability to handle bit errors, with dropping of packets and resynchronization being the most common solution. An improved method of handling bit errors that lead to error propagation and data loss due to problems such as synchronization loss and incorrect codeword emulation, is needed. SUMMARY [0014] In one aspect, a method and apparatus for multi-layer integration for use in error recovery comprises method or means for detecting an error in a multimedia data based on a first layer protocol; and concealing the detected error in the multimedia data based on a second layer protocol. In another aspect, an apparatus for multi-layer integration for use in error recovery, comprises a detector to detect an error in a multimedia data based on a first layer protocol; and a concealer to conceal the detected error in the multimedia data based on a second layer protocol. In the method and apparatus for multi-layer integration, the first layer may comprise a communication layer. The communication layer may comprise either one or a combination of a physical layer, a MAC layer and a transport layer. Moreover, the method and apparatus may further comprise method or means for controlling the detected error based on a transport layer protocol. Controlling the detected error may comprises localizing the detected error. The method and apparatus may also further comprise method or means for determining an error distribution of the detected error based on a sync layer protocol. The second layer may comprise an application layer. [0015] In another aspect, a method and apparatus for multi-layer integration for use in error recovery comprises method or means for detecting an error in a multimedia data based on a communication layer protocol; controlling the detected error based on a transport layer protocol; determining an error distribution of the controlled error based on a sync layer protocol; and concealing the detected error in the multimedia data based on an application layer protocol. In still another aspect, a method and apparatus for use in multimedia data processing comprises method or means for performing error recovery of an encoded multimedia data; and supporting scalability of the encoded multimedia data. In yet another aspect, an apparatus for use in multimedia data processing comprises an error recovery component to perform error recovery of an encoded multimedia data; and a scalability component to support scalability of the encoded multimedia data. In the method and apparatus for use in multimedia processing, the scalability may comprise either one or both spatial and temporal scalability. The error recovery may comprise either one or a combination of temporal error concealment, spatial error concealment and frame rate up conversion. [0016] In a further aspect, a method and apparatus for use in multimedia stream processing comprises method or means for receiving multiple streams of encoded multimedia data; performing error recovery on an erroneous portion of a stream; and reconstructing the multimedia data from the multiple streams. In still a further aspect, an apparatus for use in multimedia stream processing comprises a receiver to receive multiple streams of encoded multimedia data; an error recovery component to perform error recovery on an erroneous portion of a stream; and a reconstructor to reconstruct the multimedia data from the multiple streams. In the method and apparatus for use in multimedia stream processing, the error recovery may comprise either one or a combination of temporal error concealment, spatial error concealment and frame rate up conversion. [0017] It should be noted that the above method and apparatus may be implemented by a computer readable medium and/or a processor configured to carry out the method or the operation of the apparatus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0018] FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an example of a communications system for delivering streaming multimedia. [0019] FIG. 1B is a block diagram of an example of a multilayered communications system for delivering streaming multimedia. [0020] FIG. 1C is a block diagram of another example of a multilayered communications system for delivering streaming multimedia. Continue reading about Decoder architecture for optimized error management in streaming multimedia... 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