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Composition acting as coupling agent for filled and peroxidically crosslinking rubber compoundsRelated Patent Categories: Synthetic Resins Or Natural Rubbers -- Part Of The Class 520 Series, Natural Rubber Compositions Having Nonreactive Materials (dnrm) Other Than: Carbon, Silicon Dioxide, Glass Titanium Dioxide, Water, Hydrocarbon, Halohydrocarbon, Ethylenically Unsaturated Reactant Admixed With A Preformed Reaction Product Derived From: (a) At Least One Polycarboxylic Acid, Ester, Or Anhydride; (b) At Least One Polyhydroxy Compound; And (c) At Least One Fatty Acid Glycerol Ester, Or A Fatty Acid Or Salt Derived From A Naturally Occurring Glyceride, Tall Oil, Or A Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Solid Polymer Derived From Silicon-containing Reactant, Mixed With Silicon-containing Reactant Or Polymer TherefromComposition acting as coupling agent for filled and peroxidically crosslinking rubber compounds description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070032609, Composition acting as coupling agent for filled and peroxidically crosslinking rubber compounds. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] The present invention relates to a composition which comprises silicon compounds and acts as a coupling agent between fillers and peroxidically crosslinking elastomers in rubber compounds, and to its use. [0002] The use of vinylsilanes, in particular vinyltrimethoxyethoxysilane (DYNASYLAN.RTM. VTMOEO), and vinyltriethoxysilane (DYNASYLAN.RTM. VTEO) as coupling agent in peroxidically crosslinking ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), or in other rubber compounds, such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber (NR), acrylate copolymer rubber (ACM), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), or polybutadiene rubber (BR) is known. These are usually filled rubber compounds. Examples of fillers used are kaolin, where appropriate in calcined form, or other silicatic fillers, such as silica, quartz, cristobalite, talc, montmorillonite, wollastonite, or mica, or CaCO.sub.3, aluminum hydroxide (ATH), magnesium hydroxide (MDH), or titanium dioxide, or else organic fillers, such as cellulose, flax, and sisal. The vinylsilane here binds the filler to the rubber. [0003] It is also known that physical mixtures of monomeric unsaturated silanes, such as vinyltriethoxysilane (DYNASYLAN.RTM. VTEO) or 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethyoxysilane (DYNASYLAN.RTM. MEMO) with oligomeric alkylsilanes permit improved dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix (EP 0 124 805 A). A disadvantage of monomeric silanes is their volatility. The boiling point of VTEO is 158.degree. C. Another disadvantage of monomeric silanes is that for each mole of trialkoxysilane an equimolar amount of hydrolysis alcohol is liberated. [0004] An object on which the present invention was based was to mitigate the disadvantages mentioned. [0005] Surprisingly, it has been found that a mixture of oligomeric vinylsilanes, i.e. vinyl-functional siloxanes, such as DYNASYLAN.RTM. 6498, and of oligomeric alkylsilanes, i.e. alkyl-functional siloxanes, such as DYNASYLAN.RTM. 9892, has excellent suitability as a coupling agent for peroxidically crosslinking, filled rubber compounds. The volatility of mixtures of the invention is considerably less than that of monomeric unsaturated silanes, and also than that of mixtures of monomeric unsaturated silane and oligomeric alkylsilanes. This also leads to increased product safety during usage. The use of the vinylalkoxysiloxane-containing mixtures of the invention can moreover reduce significantly the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in particular alcohol, produced on application, while coupling-agent properties are generally at least comparably good. [0006] The invention achieves the object set as set out in the patent claims. [0007] The present invention therefore provides a composition acting as coupling agent between fillers and peroxidically crosslinking elastomers in rubber compounds, which comprises, as component comprising silicon compounds, a mixture [0008] a) of vinylalkoxysiloxanes with alkylalkoxysiloxanes, or [0009] b) of vinylalkoxysiloxanes with phenylalkoxysiloxanes, or [0010] c) of vinylalkoxysiloxanes with phenyl/alkylalkoxysiloxanes, or [0011] d) of acrylic or methacrylic alkoxysiloxanes with alkylalkoxysiloxanes, or [0012] e) of acrylic or methacrylic alkoxysiloxanes with phenylalkoxysiloxanes, or [0013] f) of acrylic or methacrylic alkoxysiloxanes with phenyl/alkylalkoxysiloxanes, or [0014] g) of at least one co-oligomeric organosiloxane which, as organofunctional groups, bears at least one group from the series vinyl, acrylic and methacrylic, and at least one group from the series alkyl and phenyl, and at least one alkoxy or hydroxy group. [0015] An example of a method of preparing said vinyl-, alkyl-, phenyl-, acrylic, methacrylic, or organoalkoxysiloxanes can use the teaching of the following documents: EP 0 101 541 A, EP 0 518 057 A, EP 0 814 110 A, EP 0 978 525 A and EP 1 205 505 A. The protected rights mentioned here are incorporated into the disclosure content of the present application by way of reference. [0016] The composition of the invention may generally be prepared by mixing the respective components to be used, or stirring these together. Operations here should be carried out with exclusion of water. The siloxanes used here are therefore substantially alkoxysiloxanes. However, it is also possible for any of the alkoxy groups to be converted by hydrolysis into a hydroxy group. [0017] The composition of the invention may also comprise, besides the siloxane components, other components which are non-silicon-containing, such as plasticizers, and/or processing aids. [0018] The composition of the invention preferably comprises from 0.1 to 100% by weight, with preference from 20 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably from 40 to 60% by weight, of a vinyl-, acrylic-, and/or methacrylic-functional alkoxysiloxane, based on all of the components present in the composition. The composition of the invention also appropriately comprises from 0 to 80% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably from 20 to 60% by weight, in particular from 40 to 50% by weight, of an alkyl- and/or phenyl-functional alkoxysiloxane, based on all of the components present in the composition. It should be emphasized that no monomeric silanes are present in the composition of the invention. [0019] The composition of the invention preferably comprises at least one chain-type or cyclic vinylalkoxysiloxane of the general formula (Ia) or (Ib) [0020] where the groups R are identical or different and R is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or hydrogen, R.sup.1 is a vinyl group, each of a and a', independently, is an integer from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 15, where the siloxanes may be present in the form of linear, branched, or cyclic moieties. [0021] Preferred chain-type or cyclic alkylalkoxysiloxanes of the composition of the invention may be described by the general formulae (IIa) and (IIb) [0022] where the groups R are identical or different and R is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or hydrogen, the groups R.sup.2 are identical or different, and each R.sup.2 is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, each of b and b', independently, is an integer from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 15, where the siloxanes may be present in the form of linear, branched, or cyclic moieties. [0023] Examples which should be mentioned are: methylmethoxysiloxane, also termed methylmethoxysilane oligomer, and correspondingly propylmethoxysilane oligomer, isobutylmethoxysilane oligomer, octylmethoxysilane oligomer, methylethoxysilane oligomer, propylethoxysilane oligomer, isobutylethoxysilane oligomer, octylethoxy-silane oligomer, methylmethoxysilane cyclooligomer, propylmethoxysilane cyclooligomer, to mention just a few examples. [0024] Chain-type or cyclic phenylalkoxysiloxanes which are also preferred may be described by the general formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb) [0025] where the groups R are identical or different and R is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or hydrogen, R.sup.3 is a phenyl group, each of c and c', independently, is an integer from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 15, where the siloxanes may be present in the form of linear, branched, or cyclic moieties. [0026] Examples which should be mentioned here are: phenylmethoxysilane oligomer, phenylethoxysilane oligomer, phenylmethoxysilane cyclooligomer, phenylethoxysilane cyclooligomer. [0027] Chain-type or cyclic alkylphenylalkoxysilanes which are also preferred may be described by the general formulae (IVa) and (IVb) [0028] where the groups R are identical or different and R is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or hydrogen, the groups R.sup.2 are identical or different, each R.sup.2 being a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, for example n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, or hexadecyl, R.sup.3 is a phenyl group, each of d, d', e and e', independently, is an integer from 1 to 35 and complies with the provisos that 1<(d+e)<50 and 1<(d+e')<50, preferably 2<(d+e)<30 and 2<(d'+e')<30 ,particularly preferably 3<(d+e)<10 and 3<(d'+e')<10, where the siloxanes may be present in the form of linear, branched, or cyclic moieties. [0029] Examples which should be mentioned are: methylphenylmethoxysilane oligomer, propylphenylmethoxysilane oligomer, isobutylphenylmethoxysilane oligomer, octylphenylmethoxysilane oligomer, methylphenylethoxysilane oligomer, propylphenylethoxysilane oligomer, isobutylphenylethoxysilane oligomer, octylphenylethoxysilane oligomer, methylphenylmethoxysilane cyclooligomer, propylphenylmethoxysilane cyclooligomer, to mention just a few examples. [0030] Also preferred is the use in the composition of the invention of at least one chain-type or cyclic acrylic- or methacrylic-functional alkoxysiloxane of the general formula (Va) or (Vb) [0031] where the groups R are identical or different and R is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or hydrogen, the groups R.sup.4 are identical or different, and R.sup.4 is an acrylic or methacrylic group, each of f and f', independently, is an integer from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 15, where the siloxanes may be present in the form of linear, branched, or cyclic moieties. [0032] Examples which may be mentioned here are: acryloxypropylmethoxysilane oligomer, methacryloxypropylmethoxysilane oligomer, acryloxypropylethoxysilane oligomer, methacryloxypropylethoxysilane oligomer, acryloxypropylmethoxysilane cyclooligomer, methacryloxypropylmethoxysilane cyclooligomer, acryloxypropylethoxysilane cyclooligomer, methacryloxypropylethoxysilane cyclooligomer. [0033] However, the functionalities hitherto mentioned may also be present in the composition of the invention in a preferred chain-type or cyclic organoalkoxysiloxane of the general formula (VIa) or (VIb) [0034] where the groups R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined above, each of g, g', h, h', i, i', j, and j' is, independently, an integer from 0 to 35 and complies with the provisos g>1 and/or, h>1, and 1<(g+h+i+j)<50, and g'>2 and/or h'>1, and 1<(g'+h'+i'+j')<50, preferably 2<(g+h+i+j)<30 and 2<(g'+h'+i'+j')<30, particularly preferably 3<(g+h+i+j)<10 and 3<(g'+h'+i'+j')<10, where these siloxanes may be present in the form of linear, branched, or cyclic moieties. [0035] Examples which should be mentioned are: methylacryloxypropylmethoxysiloxane or methylacryloxypropylmethoxysilane oligomer, and correspondingly methylacryloxypropylmethoxysilane cyclooligomer, propylmethacryloxypropylmethoxysiloxane, propylacryloxypropylethoxysilane oligomer, octylmethacryloxypropylethoxysiloxane, to mention must a few examples. [0036] A preferred example of a formula of branched moieties which are mentioned above is: [0037] where the groups R and R.sup.1=R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, independently, are as defined above, [0038] x, y and z, independently, are integers from 1 to 35 and have the meaning of above a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i and/or j and (x+y+z)=a or (x+y+z)=b or (x+y +z)=c or (x+y+z)=(d+e) or (x+y+z)=f or (x+y+z)=(g+h+i+j). [0039] If the composition of the invention is added to a mixture of elastomer and filler, reactions take place firstly under processing conditions, e.g. in the case of an EPDM rubber mixed with kaolin and processed at about 140.degree. C., between the alkoxy or hydroxy groups of the siloxane components and appropriate hydrophilic groups of the filler, in particular a hydroxy group, and secondly under crosslinking conditions, e.g. using a peroxide at about 180.degree. C. within a period of about a quarter of an hour, between the unsaturated ethylenic group and the elastomer. The result is that the filler becomes advantageously bound into the rubber compound or appropriately obtainable items, since, inter alia, no losses of coupling agent occur. Continue reading about Composition acting as coupling agent for filled and peroxidically crosslinking rubber compounds... 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