Chemistry: electrical and wave energy inventions 08/06

20060191781 - Apparatus and method for manufacturing nono carbon: An apparatus for manufacturing nano-carbon including a laser source (111) which irradiates light to a surface of a graphite rod (101) and a nano-carbon recovery chamber (119) which recovers carbon vapor as nano-carbon, evaporated from the graphite rod (101) by irradiating light, has a contact surface being in contact with...

20060191782 - Magnetron sputtering coater and method of improving magnetic field uniformity thereof: A method of improving the magnetic field uniformity of a magnetron sputtering equipment is disclosed. The method includes providing an equipment having a magnetic field generating device and a magnetic field receiving surface; utilizing the equipment multiple times to acquire the magnetic field intensity distribution on the magnetic field receiving...

20060191783 - Method and apparatus for forming adherent metal film on a polymer substrate: There is provided a method and an apparatus for forming an adherent metal-thin film on a polymer substrate in a simple and efficient manner, wherein said film has a superior adhesion to the polymer substrate. In accordance with the method of the present invention, a metal film may be deposited...

20060191784 - Methods and systems for electroplating wafers: Improved methods and systems for electroplating wafers are described herein. The method includes the acts of introducing a wafer which is coupled to an electrode into an electroplating cell having a counter electrode; maintaining a flow of a plating solution through the cell for electroplating the wafer; removing the wafer...

20060191785 - Mineral water generator: A mineral-water producing apparatus that includes: an electrolytic bath to which raw water, such as city water, is supplied; a mineral eluting material(s) arranged in the electrolytic bath; and electrodes for applying DC voltage with which the water in the electrolytic bath is electrolyzed so that a mineral element(s) is...

20060191786 - Electroplating apparatus: An electroplating apparatus including a first insulated plate which has an opening, a second insulated plate which holds an object to be electroplated between the first insulated plate and the second insulated plate in such a way that the object to be electroplated is exposed through the opening, an inner...

20060191787 - Analyte sensor with insertion monitor, and methods: A sensor, and methods of making, for determining the concentration of an analyte, such as glucose or lactate, in a biological fluid such as blood or serum, using techniques such as coulometry, amperometry, and potentiometry. The sensor includes a working electrode and a counter electrode, and can include an insertion...

20060191788 - Electrochemical detection of ischemia: The subject invention comprises electrochemical methods and devices for in vitro detection of an ischemic event in a patient sample. Following addition of a known amount of a transition metal ion to the patient sample, electrodes are used to measure the current or potential difference of non-sequestered transition metal ion...

20060191789 - Secure meter: A compact multiparameter instrument for electrochemical measurements is described. The instrument facilitates rapid engagement and disengagement of a variety of sensor elements in such a manner as to prevent accidental mismatch of sensor elements and sensor input ports. Positive identification of specific sensors is ensured by including color marking or...

20060191790 - Apparatus and method for electrochemically processing a microelectronic workpiece: A reactor for use in electrochemical processing of a microelectronic workpiece is set forth and described herein. The apparatus comprises one or more walls defining a processing space therebetween for containing a processing fluid. The processing space includes at least a first fluid flow region and a second fluid flow...

20060191791 - Electric device for determining aeriform substances: An electric device for determining aeriform substances, made from a multi-layer structure with a layer of semiconductor material, a layer of organic material and a layer of metallic material, wherein the layer of semiconductor material has a crystalline structure, the layer of organic material has a coverage degree not greater...

20060191792 - Method and apparatus for gel electrophoretic immunoassay: A micro-analytical platform for performing electrophoresis-based immunoassays was developed by integrating photopolymerized cross-linked polyacrylamide gels within a microfluidic device. The microfluidic immunoassays are performed by gel electrophoretic separation and quantifying analyte concentration based upon conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). To retain biological activity of proteins and maintain intact immune complexes,...

20060191793 - Electrophoresis plate: An electrophoresis plate has a plurality of separation channels provided inside a substrate. The separation channels are arranged along the surface of the substrate without intersecting each other, and the separation channels have openings on both ends on the substrate surface. When a voltage is applied between the two ends...

20060185973 - Power supply system employing conductive fluid: An electromotive cooling head includes a substrate, an N-pole magnet, and an S-pole magnet, and kept in intimate contact with the backside of the semiconductor integrated circuit so as to cover it. The substrate has a fluid channel having a micro-channel structure, through which a conductive fluid flows. An anode...

20060185974 - Decomposition cell: A decomposition cell having a first metal plate with a first layer of dielectric and a second metal plate with a second layer of dielectric wherein each layer of dielectric is sprayed onto the metal plates in molten form using a thermal plasma spray process. The plates are placed in...

20060185975 - Decomposition unit: A decomposition unit that comprises a plurality of decomposition cells that comprise two metal plates in parallel spaced relation wherein each plate has a layer of molten dielectric material sprayed thereon by using a plasma spray process. Each decomposition cell also has a high voltage high frequency source attached to...

20060185976 - Plating apparatus and method: A plating apparatus continuously plates a surface of a substrate with metal and performs its supplementary process in one housing unit. The plating apparatus comprises a cassette stage for placing a substrate cassette thereon, a pre-treatment unit for pre-treating a surface of a substrate, and a plating unit for plating...

20060185977 - Sensor arrangement: The present invention relates to a sensor arrangement adapted to evaluate an instant quality related value of a measured liquid sample (“S”) by applying a discontinuous and/or a continuous signal (“V”) to a number of electrodes (2, 3, 4), which are in electrical contact with said liquid sample (“S”), where...

20060185978 - Gas sensor and method for manufacturing the same: A prismatic multilayer gas sensor element and method of making the same, the prismatic multilayer gas sensor element (1) having a substantially rectangular cross section, and including a gas-sensing cell portion (2) formed at a distal end portion of the prismatic gas sensor element (1); and a posterior lead portion...

20060185980 - Ceramic sensor and manufacturing method thereof: The compatibility of increased sensitivity with both reliability and durability was difficult, since in a gas sensor composed of polycrystalline grains or ceramic particles, there is a trade-off relationship between increasing sensitivity through particle size reduction and change with time due to grain growth. Moreover, it was difficult to integrate...

20060185979 - Hydrogen gas sensor: A first electrode and a second electrode are provided, and an electrolyte is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are made of corresponding different materials in chemical potential for hydrogen gas. The first electrode includes higher chemical potential material and...

20060185981 - Three dimensional microfluidic device having porous membrane: A three dimensional microfluidic device is formed by placing a membrane between two fluid containing features. The membrane is positioned to cover the area where features intersect. In one embodiment the membrane is porous. Electric pulses are applied such that molecules in the fluid with faster membrane transit times go...

20060185982 - Dielectrophoresis apparatus including concentration gradient generating unit, method of separating material using the same, and method of screening condition for separating material: A dielectrophoresis (DEP) apparatus including a concentration gradient generating unit, a method of separating a target material in a sample solution using the DEP apparatus, and a method of screening the optimum condition for separating a target material are provided....

20060180461 - Stable electroless fine pitch interconnect plating: A method and apparatus for plating facilitates the plating of a small contact feature of a wafer die while providing a relatively stable plating bath. The method utilizes a supplemental plating structure that is larger than a die contact that is to be plated. The supplemental plating structure may be...

20060180462 - Minimising carbon transfer in an electrolytic cell: An electrochemical cell for electrochemical reduction of a metal oxide in a solid state is disclosed. The cell includes a molten electrolyte (14), an anode (10) formed from carbon in contact with the electrolyte, a cathode (20) formed at least in part from the metal oxide in contact with the...

20060180463 - Electroionic flow cell electrode configuration: The present invention relates to an electroionic apparatus for treating an aqueous solution, including a flow cell through which the aqueous solution may flow, and a high frequency AC power source. A pair of electrodes within the flow cell are in contact with the aqueous solution and coupled to the...

20060180464 - Apparatus and method for the controllable production of hydrogen at an accelerated rate: An apparatus for the production of hydrogen is disclosed, the apparatus comprising some or all of the following features, as well as additional features as described and claimed: a reaction medium; an anode in contact with the reaction medium; a cathode in contact with the reaction medium, wherein the cathode...

20060180465 - Sliding flexible electrical contact for electrochemical processing: Embodiments of a contact element for biasing a substrate during electrically assisted processing is provided herein. In one embodiment, the electrical contact includes a conductive base. At least one conductive flat spring is coupled to the base. A contact is coupled to each flat spring, the contact is suitable for...

20060180466 - Method and apparatus for providing an electrochemical sensor at an elevated temperature: The invention relates to an electrochemical sensor and method for providing the sensor having an insulator, an electrode deposited on the insulator, an electrolytic material in contact with the electrode for providing an electrical connection, and a cooling and heating element in contact with the insulator and spaced apart from...

20060180467 - Electrochemical biosensor strip: An electrochemical biosensor strip has a base, an electrode system, an optional spacer and a cover. The electrode system is laid on the base. The spacer is laid on the electrode system and exposes a portion of the electrode system for electrical connection with a meter and a different portion...

20060180468 - Electric driven protein immobilizing module and method: An electric driven protein immobilizing module and method aims at immobilizing proteins rapidly and steadily on the surface of a selected support. The invention employs the characteristics of proteins/enzymes forming a slightly negative charge in a buffer solution. An external electric field is set up to drive the proteins/enzymes to...

20060180469 - Electrokinetic concentration device and methods of use thereof: The present invention provides a device and methods of use thereof in concentrating a species of interest and/or controlling liquid flow in a device. The methods, inter-alia, make use of a device comprising microchannels, which are linked to nanochannels, whereby induction of an electric field in the nanochannel results in...

20060180470 - Installation for sequentially transporting objects in a goods handling line, in particular for the automotive industry: In a preferred embodiment, the objects to be transported, in particular car bodies on sleds are each suspended by four independent pendle arms from two symmetrical conveyors which travel through the installation under the control of synchronized driving means to pick up said objects in a loading station and transport...

20060175190 - Vacuum arc source comprising a device for generating a magnetic field: The invention relates to a vacuum arc source and to a method for operating the same, said source comprising a target with a surface for operating an arc discharge. The target is arranged in the range of influence of a device for generating a magnetic field, said device comprising at...

20060175191 - Composite machining device and method: The present invention relates to composite processing apparatus which can securely process a conductive material, such as a copper film, at a low surface pressure and a high rate while effectively preventing the formation of pits. The composite processing apparatus of this invention including: a substrate holder (42) for holding...

20060175192 - Optoelectronic probe: The present invention, referred to as optoelectronic probe, concerns a novel apparatus and method for characterization and micromanipulation of particles or biomolecules in an electrolyte solution. Electric fields, which include both time constant and time-varying components, are applied to a thin insulating layer covered, lightly doped semiconductor material. Illumination injects...

20060175193 - Polyelectrolyte complex(e.g.zwitterionic polythiophenes) with a receptor (e.g.polynucleotide, antibody etc.) for biosensor applications: A complex between a conjugated polyelectrolyte, and one or more receptor molecules specific for a target biomolecule analyte, the polyelectrolyte and the receptor being non-covalently bound to each other, is usable as a probe for biomolecular interactions. It also relates to a method of determining selected properties of biomolecules. Thereby,...

20060175194 - Electrochemical oxygen generator module assembly: An ionically conductive ceramic element includes a central unit (703). The central unit (703) is composed of a plurality of integrated manifold and tube modules (IMAT) (22) joined end to end along a central axis (A). Each IMAT module (22) has a tube support portion (804) and a plurality of...

20060175195 - Gas diffusion electrode: The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode having: an electrode substrate; and a catalyst layer containing a hydrophilic catalyst and a hydrophobic binder, which is carried on the electrode substrate, wherein the electrode substrate contains at least one carbon material selected from a carbon cloth, a carbon paper, a...

20060175196 - Structure for an electrochemical reactor of the filter-press type: A structural component for electrolytic cells of an electrochemical reactor of the filter-press type, comprising a frame (6) supporting its corresponding functional element (7, 7a), a bipolar sheet or a diaphragm, respectively....

20060175198 - Method of manufacturing a sputter target: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a sputter target. The method comprises the steps of: —providing a target holder having a coefficient of thermal expansion; —providing a target material having a coefficient of thermal expansion. The target material comprises at least a first and a second compound. The...

20060175197 - Methods and apparatus for generating strongly-ionized plasmas with ionizational instabilities: Methods and apparatus for generating strongly-ionized plasmas are disclosed. A strongly-ionized plasma generator according to one embodiment includes a chamber for confining a feed gas. An anode and a cathode assembly are positioned inside the chamber. A pulsed power supply is electrically connected between the anode and the cathode assembly....

20060175199 - Electrochemical sensor strip and manufacturing method thereof: An electrochemical sensor strip is provided. The electrochemical sensor strip includes an insulating substrate having a reaction concavity integrally formed thereon, a cover, an electrochemical reaction layer, and an electrode device. The reaction concavity is peripherally and entirely enclosed by the insulating substrate. The cover partially covers on the reaction...

20060175200 - Method and apparatus for removing contaminants from conduits and fluid columns: A method and apparatus for contaminant separation utilizes an interleaved array of oppositely charged electrode plates for fluid treatment. Spacing between the parallel electrode plates is graduated so that the volume of the cavities between the opposing electrodes provides varying levels of treatment of a broad range of contaminants from...

20060169574 - Isotope separation method and working substance for isotope separation: The present invention is directed to the provision of an isotope separation method, which can effectively prevent, without the use of a second gas, a secondary reaction and the formation of a polymer involved in a multiphoton dissociation reaction in laser isotope separation and, at the same time, can efficiently...

20060169575 - Manufacturing method of oxidative water to be employed for sterilization: This invention provides the oxidative mixed water with pH around 7.4 ranging from the weak acidity to weak alkalinity, high power of killing microorganisms, and high power of healing wound by electrolysis using the three-compartment cell composed of an anode compartment, a cathode compartment, and a middle compartment between the...

20060169576 - Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with vhf source power applied through the workpiece: A physical vapor deposition plasma reactor includes a vacuum chamber including a sidewall, a ceiling and a wafer support pedestal near a floor of the chamber, and a vacuum pump coupled to the chamber, a process gas inlet coupled to the chamber and a process gas source coupled to the...

20060169577 - Ag base sputtering target and process for producing the same: p

20060169578 - Apparatus for plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition of copper with rf source power applied through the workpiece with a lighter-than-copper carrier gas: A method of performing physical vapor deposition of copper onto an integrated circuit in a vacuum chamber of a plasma reactor includes providing a copper target near a ceiling of the chamber, placing an integrated circuit wafer on a wafer support pedestal facing the target near a floor of the...

20060169579 - Apparatus and method for removing bubbles from a process liquid: The present invention is directed to methods and apparatuses for removing bubbles from a process liquid. The process liquid can comprise a plating solution used in a plating tool. The process liquid is supplied to a tank. A plurality of streams of the process liquid are directed towards a surface...

20060169581 - Spiral electrodeionization device with flow distribution profiling: EDI apparatus for demineralizing a liquid flow is assembled in a housing having a cylindrical shape, and includes two metal electrodes, and one or more leafs, each leaf comprising a pair of selectively ion-permeable membranes arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart by spacing elements that allow liquid to...

20060169580 - Spiral electrodeionization device with segregated ionic flows: EDI apparatus for demineralizing a liquid flow is assembled in a housing having a cylindrical shape, and includes two metal electrodes, and one or more leafs, each leaf comprising a pair of selectively ion-permeable membranes arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart by spacing elements that allow liquid to...

20060169582 - Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with rf source power applied to the target and having a magnetron: A physical vapor deposition reactor includes a metal sputter target, a D.C. sputter power source coupled to the metal sputter target and a wafer support pedestal facing the metal sputter target. A movable magnet array is adjacent a side of the metal sputter target opposite the wafer support pedestal. A...

20060169584 - Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with rf source power applied to the target: A physical vapor deposition reactor includes a vacuum chamber including a sidewall, a ceiling and a wafer support pedestal near a floor of the chamber, a vacuum pump coupled to the chamber, a process gas inlet coupled to the chamber and a process gas source coupled to the process gas...

20060169583 - Sputtering device: The present invention is to provide a sputtering device which can achieve film thickness distribution and coverage distribution desired at present in a simple constitution. Accordingly, the present invention is a sputtering device comprising at least; a substrate holder holding a substrate and revolving; sputtering cathode units each of which...

20060169585 - Carbon nanotube sensor: A device is provided for determining the degree of the presence of an unwanted environmental agent. The apparatus comprises a device (30, 40) having first (31, 41) and second (33, 46) conducting layers with alternatively interdigitized fingers (34, 36, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49) coupled to a nano-structure (32,...

20060169586 - Production line and treatment for organic product: A fluid from a fermentation process or the like is passed or circulated through chambers of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis unit to separate an ionizable organic acid stream and at least one co-ion or residual stream. The organic acid stream is preferably concentrated (e.g., by recirculation, dewatering or both), and...

20060169587 - Electrokinetic molecular separtion in nanoscale fluidic channels: A method for separation of mixtures in fluidic systems through electrokinetic transport by use of nanochannels when the fluidic systems approach the size of an electrical double layer, thereby allowing separation based on charge. The disclosed apparatus comprises a T-chip with a nanochannel section. The method and apparatus are useful...

20060169588 - Microfluidic device and methods for focusing fluid streams using electroosmotically induced pressures: A microfabricated device employing a bridging membrane and methods for electrokinetic transport of a liquid phase biological or chemical material using the same are described. The bridging membrane is deployed in or adjacent to a microchannel and permits either electric current flow or the transport of gas species, while inhibiting...

20060169589 - Concentration method of fine particle dispersion and concentration apparatus of fine particle dispersion: The present invention provides a concentration method of a fine particle dispersion containing fine particles to be electrophoretically migrated, for concentrating the fine particle dispersion by allowing the fine particle dispersion to flow in a laminar flow in a channel having a micro-width to which an electric field is applied...