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Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereofChemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20080293660, Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/144,391, filed May 10, 2002, which is continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/769,041, filed Dec. 18, 1996, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/453,254, filed May 30, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,606,047, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/152,506, filed Nov. 15, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,391. The disclosure of each of these parent applications is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. DESCRIPTION1. Technical Field This invention relates to conjugates comprising chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules coupled to biological or chemical molecules such as polynucleotides for treating diseases such as the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or “lupus”). This invention also relates to the chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules. 2. Background A number of compounds have been employed as carriers for biologically useful molecules in preparing conjugates that are alleged to be tolerogenic. For example, Benacerraf, Katz, and their colleagues investigated and described the use of conjugates of the random co-polymer D-glutamic acid/D-lysine, referred to as D-GL in earlier literature (hereinafter D-EK) with haptens and various antigens to induce specific immune tolerance. See U.S. Pats. Nos. 4,191,668 and 4,220,565. Other investigators have studied conjugates of nucleosides or DNA with other carriers. Borel et al. (Science (1973) 182:76) evaluated the ability of isogenic mouse IgG-nucleoside conjugates to reduce the antibody response to denatured DNA in young animals of the NZB mouse strain. In separate studies Parker et al. (J. Immunol. (1974) 113:292) evaluated the effect of denatured DNA conjugated to poly-D-lysine and/or cyclophosphamide on the progression of the above-described syndrome in NZB mice. In a later article (Ann NY Acad Sci (1986) 475:296-306) Borel et al. describe oligonucleotide-immunoglobulin conjugates. Borel et al. (J Clin Invest (1988) 82:1901-1907 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,675) have described in vitro studies using conjugates of human immunoglobulin linked to DNA. U.S. Pat. No. 5,126,131 (Dintzis et al.) also relates to conjugates comprising carriers and molecules involved in immune responses. Other references describe conjugates of nonimmunogenic polymers and immunogens (Sasaki et al., Scand. J. Immun. (1982) 16:191-200; Sehon, Prog. Allergy (1982) 32:161-202; Wilkinson et al., J. Immunol. (1987) 139:326-331, and Borel et al., J. Immunol. Methods (1990) 126:159-168). In commonly-owned U.S. Ser. Nos. 07/914,869, U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,515, and Ser. No. 07/652,658, conjugates comprising polymeric carriers such as D-EK, polyethylene glycol, poly-D-lysine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and immunoglobulins are described. In sum, applicants believe that the prior art shows only ill-defined chemical compounds or compounds with numerous non-specific attachment sites employed as valency platform molecules in conjugates. Because the valency of such compounds, the specific location of the attachment sites, and the number of attachment sites are unpredictable and fluctuate widely, prior art conjugates comprising such compounds cannot be made reproducibly and show wide ranges in their reported activity. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTIONIn contrast to the above-described art, applicants have developed conjugates comprising chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules wherein the valency of the platform molecules is predetermined and wherein each attachment site is available for binding of a biological or chemical molecule. Valency platform molecules within the present invention are defined with respect to their chemical structure, valency, homogeneity and a defined chemistry which is amenable to effective conjugation with the appropriate biological and/or synthetic molecules. Thus, one aspect of the instant invention is directed to conjugates comprising the chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules and biological and/or chemical molecules. Exemplary of biological and/or chemical molecules suitable for conjugation to chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules to form conjugates within the instant invention are carbohydrates, drugs, lipids, lipopolysaccharides, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, single-stranded or double-stranded oligonucleotides and chemical analogs thereof, analogs of immunogens, haptens, mimotopes, aptamers and the like. Chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules suitable for use within the present invention include, but are not limited to, derivatives of biologically compatible and nonimmunogenic carbon-based compounds of the following formulae: G[1]{T[1]}n[1] Formula 1
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