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  Catalytic system for the production of olefinsUSPTO Application #: 20070123744Title: Catalytic system for the production of olefins Abstract: one or more metals belonging to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd transition series; one or more elements of group IIIA, IVA or VA, wherein at least one of said metals or said elements is in the form of a nitride. Catalytic system for partial oxidation reactions of hydro-carbons characterized in that it contains: (end of abstract) Agent: Oblon, Spivak, Mcclelland, Maier & Neustadt, P.C. - Alexandria, VA, US Inventors: Luca Basini, Domenico Sanfilippo, Alessandra Guarinoni USPTO Applicaton #: 20070123744 - Class: 585658000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Chemistry Of Hydrocarbon Compounds, Unsaturated Compound Synthesis, By Dehydrogenation, Using Acceptor, E.g., Hydrogen-exchange Disproportionation, Etc., Elemental O Or S Acceptor With Extraneous Nonhydrocarbon Agent, E.g., Catalyst, Etc. The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070123744. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] The present invention relates to a catalytic system for the production of olefins by means of a partial oxidation process of saturated hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, isobutane and naphtha. The catalytic system and the reactor solutions described provide the possibility of effecting the partial oxidation reactions of saturated hydrocarbons to olefins also with a low contact time, at a high temperature and high pressure. [0002] The main reaction on which the process is based is the following: C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1+0.5O.sub.2.fwdarw.- C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1--CH.dbd.CH--C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1+H.sub.2O [1] [0003] Olefins have various uses in the production field of polymers (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene), copolymers (for example, synthetic rubbers), plastic materials (for example, vinyl plastics), basic chemical products (for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, cumene and acrolein) and high-octane products (for example, methyl terbutyl ether). [0004] Olefins are industrially produced by means of noncatalytic steam cracking processes and fluid bed or mobile bed or fixed bed catalytic dehydrogenation processes. [0005] Steam cracking is the most widely-used process for producing low molecular weight olefins such as ethylene and propylene and can treat mixed charges of hydrocarbons such as naphtha. Steam cracking processes can be divided into three zones where the following operations take place: [0006] dehydrogenation reactions of hydrocarbons and the formation of olefins (hot zone) [0007] compression of the reaction products [0008] separation of the reaction products (cold zone) [0009] The chemical reactions in the steam cracking processes are pyrolysis reactions which are effected at high temperatures by passing a stream of saturated hydrocarbons and steam inside coiled tubes inserted in an oven. [0010] The formation reactions of olefins [2]C.sub.nH.sub.2n+2.fwdarw.C.sub.nH.sub.2n+H.sub.2 [2] are highly endothermic and the process requires in relation to the charge used, from 1.6 to 2.8 mJ/kg of product. [0011] The residence times of the gaseous stream of the reagents inside the tubes typically vary from 0.1 to 0.15 sec. but there are also technologies which use residence times of a few milliseconds. [0012] The inlet temperatures of the tubes range from 500-700.degree. C., whereas those at the outlet are within the range of 775-950.degree. C. [0013] The reaction zone of the plants is modular. The modules have a capacity of about 100,000 tons/year; as a whole world-scale plants have a capacity which is even higher than 750,000 tons/year. [0014] The heat necessary for the steam cracking reactions is produced by burning hydrocarbons; this causes strong emissions of CO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x which in many countries must be separated before the fumes are released into the atmosphere. [0015] Steam cracking also requires the presence of vapour (30-50% in the feeding) which decreases the partial hydrocarbon pressure and reduces coke formation reactions. [0016] In spite of the presence of vapour, periodical decoking operations of the plants are necessary. The modular nature of the plants allows these operations to be cyclically effected without interrupting the production. [0017] Only 35-50% of the heat produced by the burners is transferred to the reagent mixture; thermal recovery and vapour generation systems, however, increase the overall thermal efficiency of the process. [0018] In the case of the production of ethylene, the yields vary from 50 to 60% on a molar basis depending on the charges used. Starting from ethane, the yields can range from 57-60% on a molar basis, with conversion values of ethane which can reach 67% and selectivity values to ethylene which can reach 83%. [0019] Catalytic dehydrogenation processes are mainly used for the production of propylene, butenes and pentenes from pure charges of propane, isobutane, butane and isopentane (F. Buonomo, D. Sanfilippo, F. Trifir , Dehydrogenation Reactions in: "Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis", Vol. 5, pages 2140-2151, G. Ertl, H. Knozinger, J. Weitkamp Eds. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim). [0020] Industrial catalytic dehydrogenation processes are mainly based on three groups of materials consisting of: [0021] supported noble metals, mainly represented by Pt/Sn systems, [0022] supported chromium oxides [0023] mixed oxides such as molybdenum and vanadium oxides. [0024] [0025] Systems consisting of Pt/Sn and alkaline metals are used in the Oleflex technology of UOP and the STAR technology of Phillips (D. H. James, W. M. Castor, Ullmann's Encycl. Ind. Chem. 5.sup.th Ed. 1994, Vol. 25, pages 329-344). [0026] Systems based on chromium oxide are used in the Catofin technology of UCI-ABB Lummus and FBD technology of Snamprogetti-Yarsintez. [0027] The reactor solutions used in catalytic dehydrogenation technologies comprise a reaction step in which the dehydrogenation of the hydrocarbon takes place, and a regeneration step of the catalyst consisting of a combustion process of the carbonaceous residues accumulated in the reaction step. [0028] More specifically, the reaction solutions used comprise: [0029] fixed bed adiabatic reactors (Catofin technology of Lummus) which operate with rapid reaction and regeneration cycles; wherein the regeneration cycle has the double function of burning the carbon accumulated during the reaction and supplying the heat for the subsequent dehydrogenation reactions (F. Trifiro, F. Cavani, Oxidative Dehydrogenation and Alternative Dehydrogenation Processes Catalytica Studies Division Mountain View California, USA 1993 Study Number 4192 OD) [0030] mobile bed adiabatic reactors (oleflex technology of UOP) between which the catalyst is moved and heated and finally sent to a regeneration step in which the carbonaceous residues are burnt (P. R. Pujado, B. V. Vora Hydroc. Process 1990, 65) [0031] fixed bed multi-tubular reactors inserted in ovens analogous to those of steam reforming processes in which various blocks are used alternatively in reaction and regeneration cycles (STAR technology of Phillips, R. O. Dunn, G. F. Schuette, F. M. Brinkmeyer, W. Sund, Proc. De Witt Petrochem. Review Houston 1991, 1) [0032] fluid bed reactors in which the catalyst circulates continuously between a regeneration and reaction reactor conveying the heat necessary for the dehydrogenation (FBD technology of Snamprogetti-Yarsintez, D. Sanfilippo, F. Buonomo, G. Fusco, M. Lupieri, I. Miracca Che. Eng. Sci. 1992, 47, 2313). [0033] The energy requirements of the reactions and necessity for transferring heat to the reactions are largely responsible for the investment costs and energy consumption of the "hot" section of steam cracking technologies and catalytic dehydrogenation technologies. [0034] An alternative method to that so far applied for the production of ethylene consists of partial oxidation reactions, also called oxidative dehydrogenation [3]. C.sub.nH.sub.2n+2+1/2O.sub.2.fwdarw.C.sub.nH.sub.2n+H.sub.2O [3] Continue reading... Full patent description for Catalytic system for the production of olefins Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Catalytic system for the production of olefins patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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