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Catalytic compositionsRelated Patent Categories: Synthetic Resins Or Natural Rubbers -- Part Of The Class 520 Series, Natural Rubber Compositions Having Nonreactive Materials (dnrm) Other Than: Carbon, Silicon Dioxide, Glass Titanium Dioxide, Water, Hydrocarbon, Halohydrocarbon, Ethylenically Unsaturated Reactant Admixed With A Preformed Reaction Product Derived From: (a) At Least One Polycarboxylic Acid, Ester, Or Anhydride; (b) At Least One Polyhydroxy Compound; And (c) At Least One Fatty Acid Glycerol Ester, Or A Fatty Acid Or Salt Derived From A Naturally Occurring Glyceride, Tall Oil, Or A Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Solid Polymer Derived From Hetero-o-cyclic Compounds As Sole Reactants Wherein At Least One Reactant Contains A Hetero-o-ring Other Than Solely As A 1,2-epoxy Or Anhydride, And Wherein None Of The Reactants Contains A Plurality Of Methylol Groups Or Derivatives Thereof, Solid Polymer Derived From Carboxylic Acid Cyclic Ester, E.g., Lactone, Etc.Catalytic compositions description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20080071037, Catalytic compositions. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
FIELD OF INVENTION [0001] The present invention is concerned with a process for the production of polyurethanes comprising reacting a polymeric lactone derivative (prepared in the presence of a catalyst selected from bismuth and zinc catalysts) with an isocyanate. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION [0002] Polyurethanes are a versatile group of multi-phase, segmented polymers that have excellent mechanical and elastic properties, good hardness, high abrasion and chemical resistance. [0003] In addition to elastomers, polyurethanes can also be produced as foams (rigid and flexible), adhesives, binders, coatings, and paints. Because of their unique properties, polyurethanes have found a wide variety of applications in the automotive, furniture, construction, and foot wear industries, as seating, exterior panels, structural foam, furniture, housing for electric equipment, shoe and boot soles, and refrigerator insulation. [0004] Generally, polyurethane block co-polymers are comprised of a low glass transition or low melting "soft" segment and a rigid "hard" segment, which often has a glassy Tg, or crystalline melting point well above room temperature. The hard segment normally includes the connection of a diisocyanate (aromatic or aliphatic) and a low-molecular-weight diol or diamine, which is a chain extender. The combination of this soft polyol segment and hard segment generally forms an (AB).sub.n type block co-polymer. By varying the structure, molecular weight of the segments, and the ratio of the soft to the hard segments, a broad range of physical properties can be obtained. [0005] A urethane group is formed by the reaction between an alcohol and an isocyanate group. Thus, polyurethanes result from the reaction between an alcohol with two or more hydroxy groups (diol or polyol) and an isocyanate containing two or more isocyanate groups (diisocyanate or polyisocyanate). [0006] Organotin compounds, especially dibutyltin dilaurate, are in widespread use as catalysts for the polyurethane reaction. Organotin compounds contain at least one direct bond between the tin and carbon atoms. In recent years there has been a great deal of public attention focused on the toxicological and environmental impacts or organotins, with special concern over the use of tributyl tin (TBT) due to its biocidal properties. Since 1988 the US has banned the use of paints containing organotin compounds on water vessels that are shorter than 25 meters in length. The FDA has also placed limits on organotins to 3% in plastics that contact food (U.S. FDA 21CFR 178.2650 2000). In addition to concerns about the organotin content of various plastics, there is also the issue of worker exposure to much higher levels of these compounds when plant personnel handle the pure tin-containing additives. Furthermore, organotin residues have been found in articles, for example, in clothing manufactured from polyurethane fibers, thus exposing users of such articles to a risk of poisoning. [0007] It would be desirable to find alternatives to organotin compounds as catalysts for use in polyurethane production. [0008] U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,012 discloses a process for the manufacture of polyurethane elastomers from a reaction mixture which comprises a polyol, an isocyanate, water and a bismuth catalyst. [0009] U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,448 concerns a reaction system for producing a polyurethane having an isocyanate index value of at least 100, and a catalyzed reaction mixture thereof, having a gel time between 5 and 60 minutes. The reaction system includes: (a) a first part comprising a polyisocyanate component; (b) a second part comprising: (i) a polyol component; (ii) a polyurethane catalyst comprising a bismuth/zinc polyurethane catalyst; and (iii) a molar excess of a complexing agent for the polyurethane catalyst, where the complexing agent is a mercaptan compound. [0010] U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,691 discloses the preparation of a polyurethane using a catalyst selected from stannous octoate, a zinc compound, an aliphatic tertiary amine, dibutyltin diacetate or 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane. [0011] Gorna et al (Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 40, 156-170 (2002)) has described the synthesis of poly(.epsilon.-caprolactone) urethanes using poly(.epsilon.-caprolactonediols), diisocyanates and a range of catalyst systems. These include stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, magnesium, manganese and zinc. SUMMARY OF INVENTION [0012] In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composition comprising: [0013] (i) at least one homo-polymer or at least one co-polymer of caprolactone; and [0014] (ii) a catalyst comprising (a) bismuth ethylhexanoate and ethylhexanoic acid, (b) bismuth ethylhexanoate and bismuth neodecanoate, or (c) zinc neodecanoate and zinc oxide. [0015] In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for the production of a homo-polymer or a co-polymer of caprolactone comprising polymerising a composition comprising: [0016] (i) at least one caprolactone monomer and optionally a co-monomer; and [0017] (ii) a catalyst comprising (a) bismuth ethylhexanoate and ethylhexanoic acid, (b) bismuth ethylhexanoate and bismuth neodecanoate, or (c) zinc neodecanoate and zinc oxide. [0018] In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for the production of a polyurethane comprising polymerising a composition comprising: [0019] (i) at least one homo-polymer or at least one co-polymer of caprolactone according to the second aspect of the invention; [0020] (ii) a catalyst comprising (a) bismuth ethylhexanoate and ethylhexanoic acid, (b) bismuth ethylhexanoate and bismuth neodecanoate, or (c) zinc neodecanoate and zinc oxide; [0021] (iii) an isocyanate; and [0022] (iv) a chain extender or curative. [0023] In one embodiment, the process for the production of the polyurethanes according to the present invention preferably involves two main steps. The first step is the production of a homo-polymer or a co-polymer of caprolactone in the form of a polyol. The homo-polymer or co-polymer of caprolactone shall hereinafter be referred to as the "caprolactone polyol". This caprolactone polyol may subsequently be used in the preparation of a polyurethane, as described in greater detail below. [0024] The caprolactone polyol preferably comprises a homo-polymer, co-polymer or mixture thereof, obtainable by polymerising a composition comprising caprolactone, preferably .epsilon.-caprolactone. Preferably the caprolactone polyol is produced by what is hereinafter referred to as the esterification reaction. [0025] The second step, which may be carried out in conjunction with or separately from the first step, comprises reacting the caprolactone polyol with an isocyanate, preferably a di-isocyanate, to form a polyurethane. Preferably, the second step is carried out separately to the first step. [0026] The process for the preparation of a polyurethane of the present invention suitably produces elastomeric polyurethane. [0027] The process for the preparation of a polyurethane of the present invention suitably produces polyurethane block co-polymer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION [0028] Preferably, catalyst (a) comprises 75 to 95 weight % of bismuth ethylhexanoate and 5 to 25 weight % of ethylhexanoic acid. Preferably, catalyst (a) comprises about 90 weight % of bismuth ethylhexanoate and about 10 weight % of ethylhexanoic acid. Continue reading about Catalytic compositions... Full patent description for Catalytic compositions Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Catalytic compositions patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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