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  Buffer layers for organic electroluminescent devices and methods of manufacture and useUSPTO Application #: 20070079927Title: Buffer layers for organic electroluminescent devices and methods of manufacture and use Abstract: Organic electroluminescent device can be formed with multiple layers including an electrode, an emission layer, and a buffer layer. The emission layer includes a light emitting material. The buffer layer is disposed between and in electrical communication with the electrode and the emission layer and includes a triarylamine hole transport material and an electron acceptor material. The buffer layer optionally includes one or more of a) a polymeric binder, b) a color converting material, and c) light scattering particles. The buffer layer can also be formed using a polymeric hole transport material having a plurality of triarylamine moieties. (end of abstract) Agent: 3m Innovative Properties Company - St. Paul, MN, US Inventors: Sergey A. Lamansky, Manoj Nirmal, Fred B. McCormick, Ralph R. Roberts, John P. Baetzold, Todd D. Jones USPTO Applicaton #: 20070079927 - Class: 156230000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Adhesive Bonding And Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, Methods, Surface Bonding And/or Assembly Therefor, Direct Contact Transfer Of Adhered Lamina From Carrier To Base The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070079927. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] This application continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 11/118,574, filed Apr. 29, 2005, now allowed, which is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 10/183,717, filed Jun. 26, 2002, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Organic electroluminescent devices (OELs) include layers of organic materials, at least one of which can conduct a charge. Examples of organic electroluminescent devices include organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Specific OEL devices, sometimes referred to as lamps, are desirable for use in electronic media because of their thin profile, low weight, and low driving voltage. OEL devices have potential use in applications such as, for example, lighting applications, backlighting of graphics, pixelated displays, and large (NRR)emissive graphics. [0003] OEL devices typically include an organic light emitter layer and optionally one or more charge transport layers, all of which are sandwiched between two electrodes: a cathode and an anode. Charge carriers, electrons and holes, are injected from the cathode and anode, respectively. Electrons are negatively charged atomic particles and holes are vacant electron energy states that behave as though they are positively charged particles. The charge carriers migrate to the emitter layer, where they combine to emit light. [0004] This basic OEL device structure can be modified to improve or enhance one or more electrical, chemical, or physical properties of the device. Such modification can include the addition or modification of one or more of the basic layers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] Generally, the present invention relates to organic electroluminescent devices, articles containing the organic electroluminescent devices, and methods of making and using the organic electroluminescent devices and articles. [0006] One embodiment is an electroluminescent device having multiple layers including, but not limited to, an electrode, an emission layer, and a buffer layer. The emission layer includes a light emitting material. The buffer layer is disposed between and in electrical communication with the electrode and the emission layer and includes a triarylamine hole transport material and an electron acceptor material. The buffer layer optionally includes one or more of a) a polymeric binder, b) a color converting material, and c) light scattering particles. [0007] Another embodiment is a method of making an electroluminescent device. The method includes forming an electrode, coating a buffer layer from solution over the electrode, and disposing an emission layer over the buffer layer. The electrode, buffer layer, and emission layer are in electrical communication. The emission layer includes a light emitting material. The buffer layer includes a triarylamine hole transport material and an electron acceptor material. Optionally, the buffer layer includes one or more of a) a polymeric binder, b) a color converting material, and c) light scattering particles. [0008] Yet another embodiment is an electroluminescent device having multiple layers including, but not limited to, an electrode, an emission layer, and a buffer layer. The emission layer includes a light emitting material. The buffer layer is disposed between and in electrical communication with the electrode and the emission layer. The buffer layer includes (a) a polymeric hole transport material having triarylamine moieties and (b) an electron acceptor material. Optionally, the buffer layer includes one or more of a) a color converting material, and b) light scattering particles. [0009] Another embodiment is a method of making an electroluminescent device. The method includes forming an electrode, coating a buffer layer from solution over the electrode, and disposing an emission layer over the buffer layer. The electrode, buffer layer, and emission layer are in electrical communication. The emission layer includes a light emitting material. The buffer layer includes (a) a polymeric hole transport material having triarylamine moieties and (b) an electron acceptor material. Optionally, the buffer layer includes one or more of a) a color converting material, and b) light scattering particles. [0010] The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The Figures and the detailed description which follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0011] The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: [0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an organic electroluminescent display construction; [0013] FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a first embodiment of an electroluminescent device, according to the present invention; [0014] FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a second embodiment of an electroluminescent device, according to the present invention; [0015] FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a third embodiment of an electroluminescent device, according to the present invention; and [0016] FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of an organic electroluminescent display according to the present invention. [0017] While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT [0018] The present invention is believed to be applicable to electroluminescent devices, articles containing the electroluminescent devices, and methods of making and using the electroluminescent devices and articles. In particular, the present invention is directed to organic electroluminescent devices containing a buffer layer with a triarylamine material and an electron acceptor material, articles containing the organic electroluminescent devices, and methods of making and using the organic electroluminescent devices and articles. Pixelated and non-pixelated electroluminescent displays, backlights, and other lighting components are examples of some of the articles that can include organic electroluminescent devices. While the present invention is not so limited, an appreciation of various aspects of the invention will be gained through a discussion of the examples provided below. [0019] Organic electroluminescent device refers to an electroluminescent device that includes an organic emissive material. The emissive material can include, for example, a small molecule (SM) emitter, a SM doped polymer, a light emitting polymer (LEP), a doped LEP, a blended LEP, or any combination of these materials. This emissive material can be provided alone or in combination with any other organic or inorganic materials, including, for example, binders, color converting materials, and scattering materials, that are functional or non-functional in the organic electroluminescent device. [0020] R. H. Friend, et al. ("Electroluminescence in Conjugated Polymers" Nature, 397, 1999, 121, incorporated herein by reference) describe one mechanism of electroluminescence as including the "injection of electrons from one electrode and holes from the other, the capture of oppositely charged carriers (so-called recombination), and the radiative decay of the excited electron-hole state (exciton) produced by this recombination process." Continue reading... 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