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  Antiwear inhibiting and load enhancing additive combinations for lubricating oilsUSPTO Application #: 20070093395Title: Antiwear inhibiting and load enhancing additive combinations for lubricating oils Abstract: The anti-wear and load carrying properties of lubricating oils is enhanced by the addition of the combination of thiosalicylic acid and adenine. Phosphate ester anti-wear and load carrying additives may be employed with the combination of thiosalicylic acid and adenine. (end of abstract) Agent: Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company - Annandale, NJ, US Inventors: Jacob J. Habeeb, Douglas E. Johnson USPTO Applicaton #: 20070093395 - Class: 508256000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Solid Anti-friction Devices, Materials Therefor, Lubricant Or Separant Compositions For Moving Solid Surfaces, And Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, Lubricants Or Separants For Moving Solid Surfaces And Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions (e.g., Water Containing, Etc.), Heterocyclic Ring Compound; A Heterocyclic Ring Is One Having As Ring Members Only Carbon And At Least One Hetero Atom Selected From Nitrogen And Chalcogen (i.e., Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, Or Tellurium), The Hetero Ring Contains Six Members Including Nitrogen And Carbon (e.g., Pyridine, Picoline Salts, Etc.), Plural Nitrogens In The Hetero Ring, Polycyclo Ring System Which Contains The Hetero Ring As One Of The Cyclos The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20070093395. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application 60/728,833 filed Oct. 21, 2005. FIELD OF INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to antiwear inhibiting and load carrying enhancing additives. More particularly the present invention relates to lubricating oils containing a combination of additives that provide performance enhancements of lubricating oils. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] The art of lubricating oil formulation has become increasingly complex with ever more stringent industry standards dictated by the increasing complexity of the mechanical equipment requiring lubrication. One important requirement for lubricants is to provide load carrying capability. At the same time the lubricant formulation should provide other important properties. For example, the formulation should provide resistance to oxidation in order to achieve operation life of adequate length. Experience has shown, however, that the incorporation of one type of additive in a lubricant composition can have a negative impact on the function of another type of additive in that composition. Indeed, the presence of antiwear additives in lubricants often reduces the oxidation stability compared to a similar oil where the antiwear additive is absent. The result, of course, is that extensive research is required in developing new lubricant formulations that have enhanced performance. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0004] It has now been established that the combination of thiosalicylic acid and adenine provide a lubricant base stock with enhanced antiwear and load carrying properties when used in effective amounts. Thus in one embodiment there is provided a lubricating composition comprising: [0005] (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, and [0006] (b) an effective amount of an additive combination comprising thiosalicylic acid and adenine. [0007] Other embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description that follows: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0008] A wide range of lubricating base oils is known in the art. Lubricating base oils that are useful in the present invention are natural oils, synthetic oils, and unconventional oils. Natural oil, synthetic oils, and unconventional oils and mixtures thereof can be used unrefined, refined, or rerefined (the latter is also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oil). Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural, synthetic or unconventional source and used without further purification. These include for example shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation, and ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process. Refined oils are similar to the oils discussed for unrefined oils except refined oils are subjected to one or more purification or transformation steps to improve at least one lubricating oil property. One skilled in the art is familiar with many purification or transformation processes. These processes include, for example, solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid extraction, base extraction, filtration, percolation, hydrogenation, hydrorefining, and hydrofinishing. Rerefined oils are obtained by processes analogous to refined oils, but use an oil that has been previously used. [0009] Groups I, II, III, IV and V are broad categories of base oil stocks developed and defined by the American Petroleum Institute (API Publication 1509; www.API.org) to create guidelines for lubricant base oils. Group I base stocks generally have a viscosity index of between about 80 to 120 and contain greater than about 0.03% sulfur and less than about 90% saturates. Group II base stocks generally have a viscosity index of between about 80 to 120, and contain less than or equal to about 0.03% sulfur and greater than or equal to about 90% saturates. Group III stock generally has a viscosity index greater than about 120 and contains less than or equal to about 0.03% sulfur and greater than about 90% saturates. Group IV includes polyalphaolefins (PAO). Group V base stocks include base stocks not included in Groups I-IV. Table A summarizes properties of each of these five groups. TABLE-US-00001 TABLE A Base Stock Properties Saturates Sulfur Viscosity Index Group I <90% and/or >0.03% and .gtoreq.80 and <120 Group II .gtoreq.90% and .ltoreq.0.03% and .gtoreq.80 and <120 Group III .gtoreq.90% and .ltoreq.0.03% and .gtoreq.120 Group IV Polyalphaolefins (PAO) Group V All other base oil stocks not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV [0010] Natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils (castor oil and lard oil, for example), and mineral oils. Animal and vegetable oils possessing favorable thermal oxidative stability can be used. Of the natural oils, mineral oils are preferred. Mineral oils vary widely as to their crude source, for example, as to whether they are paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic. Oils derived from coal or shale are also useful in the present invention. Natural oils vary also as to the method used for their production and purification, for example, their distillation range and whether they are straight run or cracked, hydrorefined, or solvent extracted. [0011] Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils as well as non hydrocarbon oils. Synthetic oils can be derived from processes such as chemical combination (for example, polymerization, oligomerization, condensation, alkylation, acylation, etc.), where materials consisting of smaller, simpler molecular species are built up (i.e., synthesized) into materials consisting of larger, more complex molecular species. Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-olefin copolymers, and ethylene-alphaolefin copolymers, for example). Polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stock is a commonly used synthetic hydrocarbon oil. By way of example, PAOs derived from C.sub.8, C.sub.10, C.sub.12, C.sub.14 olefins or mixtures thereof may be utilized. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,956,122; 4,827,064; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,827,073, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. [0012] The number average molecular weights of the PAOs, which are known materials and generally available on a major commercial scale from suppliers such as ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Chevron, BP-Amoco, and others, typically vary from about 250 to about 3000, or higher, and PAOs may be made in viscosities up to about 100 cSt (100.degree. C.), or higher. In addition, higher viscosity PAOs are commercially available, and may be made in viscosities up to about 3000 cSt (100.degree. C.), or higher. The PAOs are typically comprised of relatively low molecular weight hydrogenated polymers or oligomers of alphaolefins which include, but are not limited to, about C.sub.2 to about C.sub.32 alphaolefins with about C.sub.8 to about C.sub.16 alphaolefins, such as 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and the like, being preferred. The preferred polyalphaolefins are poly-1-octene, poly-1-decene and poly-1-dodecene and mixtures thereof and mixed olefin-derived polyolefins. However, the dimers of higher olefins in the range of about C.sub.14 to C.sub.18 may be used to provide low viscosity base stocks of acceptably low volatility. Depending on the viscosity grade and the starting oligomer, the PAOs may be predominantly trimers and tetramers of the starting olefins, with minor amounts of the higher oligomers, having a viscosity range of about 1.5 to 12 cSt. [0013] PAO fluids may be conveniently made by the polymerization of an alphaolefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride or complexes of boron trifluoride with water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate. For example the methods disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,149,178 or U.S. Pat. No. 3,382,291 may be conveniently used herein. Other descriptions of PAO synthesis are found in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,742,082; 3,769,363; 3,876,720; 4,239,930; 4,367,352; 4,413,156; 4,434,408; 4,910,355; 4,956,122; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,068,487. All of the aforementioned patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The dimers of the C.sub.14 to C.sub.18 olefins are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,330, also incorporated herein. [0014] Other useful synthetic lubricating base stock oils such as silicon-based oil or esters of phosphorus containing acids may also be utilized. For examples of other synthetic lubricating base stocks are the seminal work "Synthetic Lubricants", Gunderson and Hart, Reinhold Publ. Corp., N.Y. 1962, which is incorporated in its entirety. [0015] In alkylated aromatic stocks, the alkyl substituents are typically alkyl groups of about 8 to 25 carbon atoms, usually from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and up to about three such substituents may be present, as described for the alkyl benzenes in ACS Petroleum Chemistry Preprint 1053-1058, "Poly n-Alkylbenzene Compounds: A Class of Thermally Stable and Wide Liquid Range Fluids", Eapen et al, Philadelphia 1984. Tri-alkyl benzenes may be produced by the cyclodimerization of 1-alkynes of 8 to 12 carbon atoms as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,055,626. Other alkylbenzenes are described in European Patent Application 168 534 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,658,072. Alkylbenzenes are used as lubricant basestocks, especially for low-temperature applications (arctic vehicle service and refrigeration oils) and in papermaking oils. They are commercially available from producers of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) such as Vista Chem. Co., Huntsman Chemical Co., Chevron Chemical Co., and Nippon Oil Co. Linear alkylbenzenes typically have good low pour points and low temperature viscosities and VI values greater than about 100, together with good solvency for additives. Other alkylated aromatics which may be used when desirable are described, for example, in "Synthetic Lubricants and High Performance Functional Fluids", Dressler, H., chap 5, (R. L. Shubkin (E. d.)), Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1993. Each of the aforementioned references is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [0016] Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and their derivatives containing modified terminal hydroxyl groups obtained by, for example, esterification or etherification are useful synthetic lubricating oils. By way of example, these oils may be obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500-1000, and the diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000 to 1500, for example) or mono- and poly-carboxylic esters thereof (the acidic acid esters, mixed C.sub.3-8 fatty acid esters, or the C.sub.13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol, for example). [0017] Esters comprise a useful base stock. Additive solvency and seal compatibility characteristics may be secured by the use of esters such as the esters of dibasic acids with monoalkanols and the polyol esters of monocarboxylic acids. Esters of the former type include, for example, the esters of dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acid, alkenyl malonic acid, etc., with a variety of alcohols such as butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, etc. Specific examples of these types of esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, etc. [0018] Particularly useful synthetic esters are those full or partial esters which are obtained by reacting one or more polyhydric alcohols (preferably the hindered polyols such as the neopentyl polyols, e.g., neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol) with alkanoic acids containing at least about 4 carbon atoms (preferably C.sub.5 to C.sub.30 acids such as saturated straight chain fatty acids including caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, and behenic acid, or the corresponding branched chain fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid). [0019] Suitable synthetic ester components include the esters of trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, trimethylol ethane, pentaerythritol and/or dipenta-erythritol with one or more monocarboxylic acids containing from about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms. [0020] Silicon-based oils are another class of useful synthetic lubricating oils. These oils include polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, and polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils. Examples of suitable silicon-based oils include tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2-ethylhexyl)asilicate, tetra-(4-methylhexyl) silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butylphenyl) silicate, hexyl-(4-methyl-2-pentoxy) disiloxane, poly(methyl) siloxanes, and poly-(methyl-2-methylphenyl) siloxanes. [0021] Another class of synthetic lubricating oil is esters of phosphorous-containing acids. These include, for example, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decanephosphonic acid. [0022] Another class of oils includes polymeric tetrahydrofurans, their derivatives, and the like. Continue reading... Full patent description for Antiwear inhibiting and load enhancing additive combinations for lubricating oils Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Antiwear inhibiting and load enhancing additive combinations for lubricating oils patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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