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  Animal feed compositions capable of reducing the incidence of fescue toxicosis in mammalsUSPTO Application #: 20080020095Title: Animal feed compositions capable of reducing the incidence of fescue toxicosis in mammals Abstract: Animal feed compositions having utility in reducing the incidence of and treating the symptoms of fescue toxicosis in mammals that consume endophyte-infected fescue are disclosed. Methods of reducing the incidence of fescue toxicosis and making animal feed compositions are further disclosed. (end of abstract) Agent: Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis LLP Henry W. Oliver Building - Pittsburgh, PA, US Inventors: Stephanie S. Block, Michael J. Cecava, Perry H. Doane USPTO Applicaton #: 20080020095 - Class: 426062000 (USPTO) Related Patent Categories: Food Or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, And Products, Dormant Ferment Containing Product, Or Live Microorganism Containing Product Or Ongoing Fermenting Product, Process Of Preparation Or Treatment Thereof, Yeast Containing The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20080020095. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/648,050, filed Jan. 28, 2005, the disclosure of the entirety of which is incorporated by this reference. TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] The technology relates to feed supplements for reducing the incidence of fescue toxicosis in mammals, and to methods for reducing the incidence of fescue toxicosis in mammals. BACKGROUND [0003] Tall fescue is a hardy, rangeland grass, which is a primary forage for grazing ruminants, especially during the hot summer months. It is grown on approximately 1.4 million hectares throughout the United States. The ability of tall fescue to withstand temperature extremes is, at least in part, a result of a symbiotic relationship between the plant and an endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum. It is estimated that greater than 80% of all fescue is infected with the fungus, [0004] Although the symbiosis has advantages for the grass, N. coenophialum also produces ergovaline and ergot alkaloids. These naturally occurring chemicals are responsible for fescue toxicosis, a widespread problem affecting both beef and dairy cattle. Data indicates that feeding ruminants ergovaline impairs their performance (Gadberry M. S., Denard T. M., Spiers D. E., Piper E. L., "Effects of feeding ergovaline on lamb performance in a heat stress environment," J. Anim. Sci. 2003 June; 81(6):1538-45). Conversion of ergovaline to ergot alkaloids leads to detectable concentrations of alkaloids in the urine, which are correlated with toxicosis symptoms (Hill N. S., Thompson F. N., Stuedemann J. A., Dawe D. L., Hiatt E. E., "Urinary alkaloid extraction as a diagnostic tool for fescue toxicosis in cattle," J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 2000 May; 12(3):210-7). Absorbed ergovaline and ergot alkaloids cause a reduction in vasoactivity (Oliver J. W., Abney L. K., Strickland J. R., Linnabary R. D., "Vasoconstriction in bovine vasculature induced by the tall fescue alkaloid lysergamide," J. Anim. Sci. 1993 October; 71(10):2708-13) and subsequent impairment of heat regulation. Impairment of immune function also is observed. Cattle affected by fescue toxicosis suffer from reduced appetite and growth, impaired reproduction and lactation, and impaired circulation to the extremities, which leads to the inability to dissipate heat during summer heat stress or, in winter, the inability to maintain circulation to the feet and tail. Often tails will turn gangrenous and fall off. In more severe situations, feet also will be affected and lost. [0005] Currently, no dietary intervention is available to effectively prevent or treat fescue toxicosis. Methods such as ammoniation of feedstuffs (Simeone A., Boissonneault G. A., Bush L. P., Mitchell, Jr., G. E., "Comparison of two ammoniation procedures to reduce the toxicity of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed fed to rats," Drug Chem. Toxicol. 1998 August; 21(3):387-404) require additional handling and expense and are not applicable to grazing situations where fescue toxicosis is predominantly observed. The use of vaccines (Filipov N. M., Thompson F. N., Hill N. S., Dawe D. L., Stuedemann J. A., Price J. C., Smith C. K., "Vaccination against ergot alkaloids and the effect of endophyte-infected fescue seed-based diets on rabbits," J. Anim. Sci. 1998 September; 76(9):2456-63) or dopamine antagonists (Samford-Grigsby M. D., Larson B. T., Forcherio J. C., Lucas D. M., Paterson J. A., Kerley M. S., "Injection of a dopamine antagonist into Holstein steers to relieve symptoms of fescue toxicosis," J. Anim. Sci. 1997 April; 75(4):1026-31) require multiple injections of pharmacological materials which are expensive. Injections lead to high labor and animal handling requirements and place additional stress on animals. [0006] Combinations of mineral clay and yeast cell wall extracts have been used to bind and inactivate ergot alkaloids when admixed with feeds or fed directly to animals (U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,221 B1). Calcined attapulgite clay (U.S. Pat. No. 5,935,623) or a combination of mineral clay and modified yeast wall extracts (U.S. Pat. No. 6,045,834) have been used to remove mycotoxins from animal feeds. While these compositions and methods may help prevent the introduction of ergot alkaloids into the system of the animal, they do not treat the symptoms of fescue toxicosis such as impaired thermoregulation and impaired immune response that result from absorption of ergovaline and ergot alkaloids. [0007] Thus, feed compositions that limit absorption of ergot alkaloids in digestive systems and/or treat the symptoms of fescue toxicosis in fescue-consuming animals would be of value. Low-cost and non-stressful methods to improve the health and performance of animals consuming endophyte-infected fescue also would be advantageous. SUMMARY [0008] The present disclosure is directed toward compositions that can be used as an additive or supplement to animal feed. In one embodiment, the compositions may be used to reduce the incidence and treat the symptoms of fescue toxicosis in mammals that consume endophyte-infected fescue. The disclosure also includes various methods of making and using the compositions disclosed herein, as set forth below. [0009] In one embodiment, the present disclosure comprises an animal feed composition comprises a coated or encapsulated plant extract consisting of a vasodilator and an ingredient selected from the group consisting of feed matter, a mineral, a vitamin, an amino acid, an antibiotic, and combinations of any thereof [0010] In another embodiment, the present disclosure comprises a method for feeding an animal. The method comprises mixing a vasodilator with an animal feed product selected from the group consisting of feed matter, a mineral, a vitamin, an amino acid, an antibiotic, a plant extract, a plant botanical, and combinations of any thereof, thus producing an animal feed composition or animal feed supplement. The method further comprises feeding the animal feed composition or animal feed supplement to an animal that may consume endophyte-infected fescue grass, such as, animals selected from the group consisting of bovines, equines, ovines, caprines, or a mixed group of animals comprising any of these. [0011] In a further embodiment, the present disclosure comprises a method for feeding an animal. The method comprises mixing a vasodilator with an animal feed product selected from the group consisting of feed matter, a mineral, a vitamin, an amino acid, an antibiotic, a plant extract, a plant botanical, and combinations of any thereof, thus producing an animal feed composition or animal feed supplement, The method further comprises feeding the animal feed composition or animal feed supplement to a bovine. [0012] In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure comprises an animal feed composition comprising a coated or encapsulated capsaicin containing product; and at least one of a yeast product, a yeast culture, a yeast culture presscake, a citric acid yeast culture presscake, an ethanol yeast culture presscake, a spray dried yeast culture, a spray dried bacterial culture, a yeast extract, a modified yeast extract, a yeast enzyme, and a bacterial enzyme. [0013] In yet a further embodiment, the present invention comprises compositions for consumption by a mammal. The compositions of this embodiment comprise at least one of an adsorbent and an oligosaccharide; and at least one of an antioxidant and a vasodilator. In certain embodiment, the adsorbent may comprise a clay. In other embodiments, the oligosaccharide may comprise one of a yeast product and a yeast culture. In other embodiments, the antioxidant may comprise vitamin E. In other embodiments, the vasodilator may comprise capsicum, which may be coated or encapsulated. The compositions of this embodiment may comprise combinations of the components. In one embodiment, the composition comprises one of the following combinations of components: an adsorbent, an antioxidant, and a vasodilator; an oligosaccharide, an antioxidant, and a vasodilator; an adsorbent, an oligosaccharide, and an antioxidant; and an adsorbent, an oligosaccharide, and a vasodilator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0014] FIG. 1 is a graph showing consumption of one composition according to a non-limiting embodiment disclosed herein in meal form compared to a commercially available feed composition. [0015] FIG. 2 is a graph showing consumption of one composition according to a non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein in tub form compared to a commercially available tub feed composition. [0016] FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in rectal, ear, body surface and hoof temperature for animals consuming compositions according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprising capsicum compared to a control composition DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0017] In one embodiment, the present disclosure comprises compositions for consumption by a mammal. The compositions may comprise at least one of an adsorbent and an oligosaccharide; and at least one of an antioxidant and a vasodilator. In certain embodiments, the adsorbent may comprise a clay. In other embodiments, the oligosaccharide may originate from at least one of a yeast product and a yeast culture. In other embodiments, the antioxidant may comprise vitamin E. In other embodiments, the vasodilator may comprise capsicum or capsaicin. The compositions of the various embodiments may also comprise combinations of these components. In one embodiment, the composition comprises one of the following combinations of components: an adsorbent, an antioxidant, and a vasodilator; an oligosaccharide, an antioxidant, and a vasodilator; an adsorbent, an oligosaccharide, and an antioxidant; and an adsorbent, an oligosaccharide, and a vasodilator. [0018] In another embodiment of the present invention, the compositions for consumption by a mammal comprise at least one of about 2% to about 99.5% by weight of an adsorbent and about 20% to about 99.5% by weight of an oligosaccharide; and at least one of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of an antioxidant and about 0.005% to about 1.0% by weight of a vasodilator, Continue reading... Full patent description for Animal feed compositions capable of reducing the incidence of fescue toxicosis in mammals Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Animal feed compositions capable of reducing the incidence of fescue toxicosis in mammals patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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