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  Analyte sensorUSPTO Application #: 20080108942Title: Analyte sensor Abstract: Systems and methods of use for continuous analyte measurement of a host's vascular system are provided. In some embodiments, a continuous glucose measurement system includes a vascular access device, a sensor and sensor electronics, the system being configured for insertion into communication with a host's circulatory system. (end of abstract) Agent: Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear LLP - Irvine, CA, US Inventors: Mark Brister, Vance Swanson, James R. Petisce, Sean Saint, David K. Wong, Kum Ming Woo USPTO Applicaton #: 20080108942 - Class: 604118 (USPTO) The Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20080108942. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001]This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/543,396 filed Oct. 4, 2006; and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/543,490 filed Oct. 4, 2006; and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/543,404 filed Oct. 4, 2006, the disclosures of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety and are hereby expressly made a portion of this application. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002]The preferred embodiments relate generally to systems and methods for measuring an analyte in a host. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003]Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the pancreas cannot create sufficient insulin (Type I or insulin dependent) and/or in which insulin is not effective (Type 2 or non-insulin dependent). In the diabetic state, the victim suffers from high blood sugar, which can cause an array of physiological derangements associated with the deterioration of small blood vessels, for example, kidney failure, skin ulcers, or bleeding into the vitreous of the eye. A hypoglycemic reaction (low blood sugar) can be induced by an inadvertent overdose of insulin, or after a normal dose of insulin or glucose-lowering agent accompanied by extraordinary exercise or insufficient food intake. [0004]Conventionally, a person admitted to a hospital for certain conditions (with or without diabetes) is tested for blood sugar level by a single point blood glucose meter, which typically requires uncomfortable finger pricking methods or blood draws and can produce a burden on the hospital staff during a patient's hospital stay. Due to the lack of convenience, blood sugar glucose levels are generally measured as little as once per day or up to once per hour. Unfortunately, such time intervals are so far spread apart that hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic conditions unknowingly occur, incurring dangerous side effects. It is not only unlikely that a single point value will not catch some hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic conditions, it is also likely that the trend (direction) of the blood glucose value is unknown based on conventional methods. This inhibits the ability to make educated insulin therapy decisions. [0005]A variety of sensors are known that use an electrochemical cell to provide output signals by which the presence or absence of an analyte, such as glucose, in a sample can be determined. For example, in an electrochemical cell, an analyte (or a species derived from it) that is electro-active generates a detectable signal at an electrode, and this signal can be used to detect or measure the presence and/or amount within a biological sample. In some conventional sensors, an enzyme is provided that reacts with the analyte to be measured, and the byproduct of the reaction is qualified or quantified at the electrode. An enzyme has the advantage that it can be very specific to an analyte and also, when the analyte itself is not sufficiently electro-active, can be used to interact with the analyte to generate another species which is electro-active and to which the sensor can produce a desired output. In one conventional amperometric glucose oxidase-based glucose sensor, immobilized glucose oxidase catalyses the oxidation of glucose to form hydrogen peroxide, which is then quantified by amperometric measurement (for example, change in electrical current) through a polarized electrode. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0006]In a first aspect, a system for measuring an analyte is provided, the system comprising: a vascular access device configured to be in communication with a circulatory system of a host; and an analyte sensor configured to reside within the vascular access device, wherein the analyte sensor is configured to measure a concentration of an analyte within the circulatory system. [0007]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the system further comprises a flow control device. [0008]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the flow control device comprises at least one of a pump and a valve. [0009]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the flow control device is configured to draw back a sample from the circulatory system. [0010]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the sample has a volume of about 500 microliters or less. [0011]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the sample has a volume of about 50 microliters or less. [0012]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the flow control device is configured to draw back the sample at a rate of from about 0.001 ml/min to about 2.0 ml/min. [0013]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the rate is from about 0.01 ml/min to about 1.0 ml/min. [0014]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the flow control device is configured to draw back a sample substantially no farther than the vascular access device. [0015]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the flow control device is configured to draw back a sample substantially no farther than a plane defined by skin of the host. [0016]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the flow control device is configured to infuse a fluid through the vascular access device and into the circulatory system. [0017]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the flow control device is configured to infuse the fluid at a rate such that a temperature of the fluid substantially equilibrates with a temperature of the host. [0018]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the fluid has a known concentration of the analyte and the sensor comprises electronics configured to measure a signal associated with the known concentration of the analyte. [0019]In an embodiment of the first aspect, an in vivo portion of the analyte sensor has a width of less than about 0.020 inches. [0020]In an embodiment of the first aspect, the in vivo portion of the analyte sensor has a width of less than about 0.010 inches. Continue reading... Full patent description for Analyte sensor Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims Click on the above for other options relating to this Analyte sensor patent application. ###  How KEYWORD MONITOR works... a FREE service from FreshPatents1. Sign up (takes 30 seconds). 2. Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. 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