Pancreatic cancer genes

This application is a continuation of (and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 120) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/351,953, filed Jan. 24, 2003, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/773,459, filed Jan. 31, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,664,054, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/337,171, filed Jun. 21, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,262,249, which claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 60/118,570, filed Feb. 3, 1999, and provisional application Ser. No. 60/090,391, filed Jun. 23, 1998. This application also claims the benefit of PCT Application Number PCT/US1999/14036 filed Jun. 22, 1999. The disclosure of the prior applications are considered part of (and is incorporated by reference in) the disclosure of this application

The invention relates to the area of diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer and dysplasia. More specifically, it relates to polynucleotides which are differentially regulated in pancreatic cancer and dysplasia.

Pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 28,000 people will die of pancreatic cancer in the United States in 1998. A high risk of developing pancreatic cancer, without a corresponding increase in the risk of developing other cancers, may be passed along in some families. Pancreatic cancer is most likely caused by an accumulation of mutations in specific cancer-causing genes. Pancreatic cancer is very aggressive and chemotherapeutic agents which may be active against other malignancies do not work effectively when used for pancreatic cancer.

The majority of cells in the pancreas are in the exocrine glands, which produce pancreatic enzymes, and in the ducts that carry the pancreatic enzymes to the bile duct and to the small intestine. Cancers of the exocrine cells of the pancreas are usually adenocarcinomas. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas usually begin in the ducts of the pancreas, but may sometimes develop from the acinar cells. About 95% of cancers of the pancreas are adenocarcinomas. Less common cancers of the exocrine pancreas include adenosquamous carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and giant cell carcinomas.

Because pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with very high mortality, there is a need in the art for genes that are up- or down-regulated in tumor progression Such genes are useful for therapeutic purposes and for diagnosis of pancreatic as well as other cancers.

The invention provides isolated polynucleotides comprising coding regions or portions of genes whose expression is mis-regulated in cancer and dysplasia.

The invention also provides isolated proteins and protein fragments whose expression is mis-regulated in cancer and dysplasia.

The invention further provides an antibody preparation which specifically binds to a polypeptide the expression of which is mis-regulated in cancer and dysplasia.

The invention provides a method for diagnosing cancer and dysplasia.

The invention still further provides therapeutic compositions useful for treating cancer and dysplasia.

These and other objects of the invention are provided by one or more of the embodiments described below. One embodiment of the invention provides isolated polynucleotides comprising at least twelve contiguous nucleotides selected from the group of polynucleotide sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOS:1-15.

Another embodiment of the invention provides isolated polypeptides comprising at least six contiguous amino acids encoded by a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the polynucleotide sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOS:1-15.

Even another embodiment of the invention provides an antibody preparation which specifically binds to a polypeptide comprising at least six contiguous amino acids encoded by a polynucleotide selected from the group of polynucleotide sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOS:1-15.

Yet another embodiment of the invention provides isolated nucleotide probes consisting of a sequence selected from the group consisting of the polynucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS:1-15.

Still another embodiment of the invention provides a method of diagnosing cancer. The amount of a polypeptide expressed from a polynucleotide having a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 in a test sample of tissue of a human suspected of being cancerous is determined. The amount of said polypeptide is also determined in a human tissue which is normal. The determined amounts are then compared. A test sample which contains less of the polypeptide than the normal tissue is identified as cancerous.

A further embodiment of the invention provides an additional method of diagnosing cancer. The amount of specific mRNA molecules in a test sample of tissue suspected of being cancerous and in a human tissue which is normal are determined. The mRNA molecules to be measured are complementary to the minus strand of a double-stranded polynucleotide sequence. The double-stranded polynucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO.12. The determined amounts of mRNA molecules are compared. A test sample of tissue which contains less of the mRNA molecules than the normal tissue is identified as cancerous.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a therapeutic composition useful for reducing the growth rate of cancer cells The composition is comprised of a polynucleotide comprising all or a portion of a nucleotide sequence which is operably linked to a promoter sequence and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The polynucleotide comprising all or a portion of a nucleotide sequence comprises at least 18 contiguous nucleotides. The nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ D NO: 12.