Fluoroelastomer compositions

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/843,440 filed on May 12, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/118,066, filed on Apr. 4, 2002, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/511,949 filed on Feb. 23, 2000, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.

The present invention relates to fluoropolymers essentially formed by a mixture of a fluoroelastomer and a semicrystalline fluoropolymer usable for sealing manufactured articles in the electronic, optical and pharmaceutical industry.

More specifically the present invention relates to fluoropolymers formed by a mixture of a fluoroelastomer and a semicrystalline fluoropolymer, characterized by improved mechanical properties combined with good properties of elastic retention (lower compression set) and very good surface appearance without roughness. It is well known that one of the fluoroelastomer uses is the preparation of O-rings for seals: for this application it is essential that the O-ring surface is smooth.

The use of fluoroelastomers containing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles to improve the properties of abrasion-resistance and of hot tearing the obtained manufactured articles is known in the prior art. As described in Japanese patent 57-107, 336, the fluoroelastomer abrasion-resistance is improved by physically mixing solid curable fluoroelastomers with PTFE powders having a low molecular weight, in the range 500-200,000 as average molecular weight by number (M_n). Said PTFE is prepared by thermal decomposition at a temperature between 450° C. and 600° C. for prolonged times or by irradiation with ionic radiation of high molecular weight PTFE. An alternative method for obtaining PTFE having a low molecular weight is that to polymerize TFE in the presence of chain transfer agents. The fluoroelastomer and the PTFE powders are mixed in Banbury or in calender.

In U.S. Pat. No. 4,879,362 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,726 mixtures of fluoro-elastomers with resins of PTFE modified with the addition of comonomers such as hexafluoropropene (HFP), perfluoropropyl-vinylether (PPVE), etc., are used, in order to avoid PTFE fibrillation problems without losing the reinforcement properties that the PTFE gives to the obtained fluoroelastomers. The comonomer results much more present on the polymeric particle surface, so as to allow an uniform distribution in the fluoroelastomer without the formation of visible agglomerates. The latter should be the cause of fibrillation phenomena.

In EP 708,797 fluoroelastomer compositions formed by a fluoroelastomer and by a semicrystalline fluorinated filler in the form of micropowder which are obtained in curing compounds not containing metal species, are described. Said compositions give a low release of metal species under conditions where an high purity is required, but they show poor mechanical properties. Tests carried out by the Applicant (see the comparative Examples), have shown that the surface of the manufactured articles obtained from said fluoroelastomer compositions shows roughness. It is well known that in the O-ring preparation, typical fluoroelastomer application, surfaces having a low roughness in order to obtain good sealing properties, are required. The semicrystalline fluorinated filler is based on PTFE or PTFE modified with a comonomer and obtained by emulsion or suspension polymerization. The high molecular weight PTFE is subjected to irradiation, as above said, in order to reduce the molecular weight. This makes easier the PTFE milling produced by a suspension process; it eliminates the fibrillation and reduces the PTFE agglomeration obtained by an emulsion process.

The need was felt to have available fluoroelastomer compositions comprising a semicrystalline fluorinated filler having improved properties compared with those of the prior art and specifically with the following property combination:

• • improved mechanical properties
  • good elastic retention properties (lower compression set-very good seal)
  • very good surface appearance roughness free.

The Applicant has unexpectedly and surprisingly found that it is possible to obtain the combination of the above mentioned properties, by incorporating in the fluoroelastomer matrix PTFE particles or its copolymers having well defined sizes as specified hereinafter.

It is therefore an object of the present invention fluoropolymers comprising a fluoroelastomer matrix incorporating therein particles of a semicrystalline fluoropolymer latex formed by tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) homopolymers, or TFE copolymers with one or more monomers containing at least one ethylene unsaturation in amounts ranging from 0.01% to 10% by moles, preferably from 0.05% to 5% by moles, wherein the average particle sizes of the semicrystalline fluoropolymer latex range from 10 to 100 nm, preferably from 10 to 60 nm. Also semycrystalline fluoropolymers wherein the latex particle sizes have the above mentioned value for at least 60% by weight, preferably 70% by weight of the semicrystalline fluoropolymer, can be used.

The invention compositions are obtainable by mixing the semicrystalline fluoropolymer latex with the fluoroelastomer latex and subsequent coagulation. Alternatively the invention compositions can be polymerized in the same reactor in two subsequent steps: in a first step the semicrystalline fluoropolymer with the mentioned nanometric sizes is polymerized and in a second step the fluoroelastomer is polymerized. By operating this way the fluoroelastomer should cover the semicrystalline fluoropolymer latex particles, allowing to obtain a very good dispersion of the latter in the fluoroelastomer.

The semicrystalline fluoropolymer amount inside the fluoroelastomer matrix is in the range 2%-40% by weight, preferably 5-30% by weight, more preferably 10-20% by weight on the total of the polymeric mixture.