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Composite material compositions, arrangements and methods having enhanced thermal conductivity behaviorComposite material compositions, arrangements and methods having enhanced thermal conductivity behavior description/claimsThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20090173334, Composite material compositions, arrangements and methods having enhanced thermal conductivity behavior. Brief Patent Description - Full Patent Description - Patent Application Claims
This application claims the benefit, pursuant to 35 USC §119(e), of: U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/996,273 filed Nov. 8, 2007; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/071,410 filed Apr. 28, 2008; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/071,411 filed Apr. 28, 2008; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/071,412 filed Apr. 28, 2008. The contents of each of the aforementioned Applications is incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety. The present invention is in the technical field of composite materials. The present invention is in the technical field of heat transport, extraction, and cooling. The present invention is also related to heat transport, extraction, cooling, storage and management for solar thermal, photovoltaic and other solar electric power generation, as well as all types of cooling and heat management, including but not limited to the electronics industry in general. In this specification where a document, act or item of knowledge is referred to or discussed, this reference or discussion is not an admission that the document, act or item of knowledge or any combination thereof was at the priority date, publicly available, known to the public, part of common general knowledge, or otherwise constitutes prior art under the applicable statutory provisions; or is known to be relevant to an attempt to solve any problem with which this specification is concerned. While there are many different structures, arrangements and techniques for heat transportation, extraction and cooling in the state of the art, there is a need for improved structures, arrangements and techniques for cooling and heat transportation which have improved efficiency. For example, there is a need for such improvements in the areas of solar thermal, photovoltaic and other solar electric power generation, nuclear power generation cooling, as well as in the electronics industry, in general. Cooling of photovoltaic cells is one of the main concerns when designing concentrating photovoltaic systems. Cells may experience both short-term (efficiency loss) and long-term (irreversible damage) degradation due to excess temperatures. Concentrating solar energy maximizes the ability to derive other forms of output therefrom. However, very high heat densities are often produced by sun concentrations of more than 1,000 times the nominal concentration of the sun\'s energy. This concentration is sometimes referred to as “1,000×” or “1,000 suns.” Some or all parts of an arrangement that are exposed to these levels of heat density may be destroyed or are rendered ineffective or inefficient. Consequently, at least some commercially available solar cells specify that they are not intended for use above 1,000 suns. Design considerations for cooling systems include low and uniform cell temperatures, system reliability, sufficient capacity for dealing with worst case scenarios, and minimal power consumption by the system. For instance, an active cooling system with a thermal resistance of less than 10−4 K m2/W is typically necessary for solar cells under high concentrations (>150 suns). Conventional nuclear power generation cooling systems typically require large volumes of water. Thus, it is common to locate nuclear power plants in close proximity to large bodies of water, such as lakes. However, severe drought conditions, which may become more prevalent due to climate change, can diminish the availability of enough water to provide adequate cooling. This can result in a disruption of the generation of electrical power. Thus, there is a need to provide a way to enable adequate cooling of nuclear power generation operations with lower volumes of cooling media than is currently utilized. The present invention provides materials, arrangements, systems, and methods for improved efficiency in heat transport, extraction, cooling, storage and management. The invention can be utilized in a number of potential applications, including but not limited to solar thermal, photovoltaic and other solar electric power generation applications. The present invention includes materials, arrangements, systems and methods that may be used in applications with very high heat densities produced by sun concentrations of up to, for example, 10,000×. Heat management for solar electric power generation involves efficient extraction and transportation of heat generated by the solar cell with an incident concentrated solar energy strength of up to, for example, 10,000×. There are at least two notable aspects of this system: cooling the solar cells and transporting the heat away for other utility applications such as hot water and/or steam. Heat management for solar thermal power generation involves efficient extraction and transportation the heat absorbed by the heat collector subsystem with an incident sunlight concentration of up to, for example, 10,000×. There are at least two notable aspects of this system: collection of heat and transporting the heat away for other utility applications such as hot water and/or steam. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an arrangement comprising: a solar energy receiving device; and at least one heat transport device in thermal communication with the solar it energy receiving device, the least one heat transport device formed from a composite material, the composite material comprising a matrix of carbon fibers, the carbon fibers comprising one or more of: mesophase carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene and pan carbon. According to a further aspect, the present invention provides a heat transport device comprising: an internal passage; and at least a portion of the internal passage formed from a composite material, the composite material comprising a matrix of carbon fibers, the carbon fibers comprising one or more of: mesophase carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene and pan carbon. According to a further aspect, there is provided a solar energy receiving device comprising a first surface for receiving solar energy incident thereon, and a second opposing surface, the second surface being electrically conductive; at least one heat transport device in direct contact with at least a portion of the second surface, the at least one heat transport device comprises at least one internal passage and at least one duct; and a heat transport media flowing within the at least one internal passage and at least one duct. Continue reading about Composite material compositions, arrangements and methods having enhanced thermal conductivity behavior... 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