Isoxazole-pyridine derivatives

This application claims the benefit of European Patent Application No. 07122240.0, filed Dec. 4, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Receptors for the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), are divided into two main classes: (1) GABA A receptors, which are members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily and (2) GABA B receptors, which are members of the G-protein linked receptor family. The GABA A receptor complex which is a membrane-bound heteropentameric protein polymer is composed principally of α, β and γ subunits.

Presently a total number of 21 subunits of the GABA A receptor have been cloned and sequenced. Three types of subunits (α, β and γ) are required for the construction of recombinant GABA A receptors which most closely mimic the biochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological functions of native GABA A receptors obtained from mammalian brain cells. There is strong evidence that the benzodiazepine binding site lies between the α and γ subunits. Among the recombinant GABA A receptors, α1β2γ2 mimics many effects of the classical type-I BzR subtypes, whereas α2β2γ2, α3β2γ2 and α5β2γ2 ion channels are termed type-II BzR.

It has been shown by McNamara and Skelton in Psychobiology, 21:101-108 that the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist β-CCM enhance spatial learning in the Morris watermaze. However, β-CCM and other conventional benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists are proconvulsant or convulsant which prevents their use as cognition enhancing agents in humans. In addition, these compounds are non-selective within the GABA A receptor subunits, whereas a GABA A α5 receptor partial or full inverse agonist which is relatively free of activity at GABA A α1 and/or α2 and/or α3 receptor binding sites can be used to provide a medicament which is useful for enhancing cognition with reduced or without proconvulsant activity. It is also possible to use GABA A α5 inverse agonists which are not free of activity at GABA A α1 and/or α2 and/or α3 receptor binding sites but which are functionally selective for α5 containing subunits. However, inverse agonists which are selective for GABA A α5 subunits and are relatively free of activity at GABA A α1, α2 and α3 receptor binding sites are preferred.

The present invention provides isoxazole-pyridine derivatives having affinity and selectivity for GABA A α5 receptor binding site, their manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as cognitive enhancer or for the treatment of cognitive disorders like Alzheimer\'s disease.

In particular, the present invention provides isoxazole-pyridine derivatives of formula I

wherein X, R¹ to R⁶ are as described in claim 1.

The most preferred indication in accordance with the present invention is Alzheimer\'s disease.

The following definitions of the general terms used in the present description apply irrespective of whether the terms in question appear alone or in combination.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” denotes a saturated straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and the like. Preferred alkyl groups are groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

The term “halo” or “halogen” denotes chloro, iodo, fluoro and bromo.

The term “halo-C_1-7-alkyl”, “C_1-7-haloalkyl” or “C_1-7-alkyl optionally substituted with halo” denotes a C_1-7-alkyl group as defined above wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is replaced by a halogen atom, preferably fluoro or chloro, most preferably fluoro. Examples of halo-C_1-7-alkyl include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl or n-hexyl substituted by one or more Cl, F, Br or I atom(s), in particular one, two or three fluoro or chloro, as well as those groups specifically illustrated by the examples herein below. Among the preferred halo-C_1-7-alkyl groups are difluoro- or trifluoro-methyl or -ethyl.

The term “hydroxy-C_1-7-alkyl”, “C_1-7-hydroxyalkyl” or “C_1-7-alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy” denotes a C_1-7-alkyl group as defined above wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is replaced by a hydroxy group. Examples of hydroxy-C_1-7-alkyl include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl or n-hexyl substituted by one or more hydroxy group(s), in particular with one, two or three hydroxy groups, preferably with one hydroxy group, as well as those groups specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.