Display apparatus, driving method for display apparatus and electronic apparatus

The present invention contains subject matter related to Japanese Patent Application JP 2007-295553, filed in the Japan Patent Office on Nov. 14, 2007, the entire contents of which being incorporated herein by reference.

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a display apparatus of the active matrix type wherein a light emitting element is used in a pixel and a driving method for a display apparatus of the type described. The present invention relates also to an electronic apparatus which includes a display apparatus of the type described.

2. Description of the Related Art

In recent years, development of a display apparatus of the planar self-luminous type which uses an organic EL (electroluminescence) device as a light emitting element is proceeding energetically. The organic EL device utilizes a phenomenon that, if an electric field is applied to an organic thin film, then the organic thin film emits light. Since the organic EL device is driven by an application voltage lower than 10V, the power consumption of the same is low. Further, since the organic EL device is a self-luminous device which itself emits light, it requires no illuminating member and can be formed as a device of a reduced weight and a reduced thickness. Further, since the response speed of the organic EL device is approximately several μs and very high, an after-image upon display of a dynamic picture does not appear.

Among display apparatus of the flat self-luminous type wherein an organic EL device is used in a pixel, a display apparatus of the active matrix type wherein thin film transistors as active elements are formed in an integrated relationship in pixels is being developed energetically. A flat self-luminous display apparatus of the active matrix type is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2003-255856 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 1), 2003-271095 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 2), 2004-133240 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 3), 2004-029791 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 4) and 2004-093682 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 5).

FIG. 23 schematically shows an example of an existing active matrix display apparatus. Referring to FIG. 23, the display apparatus shown includes a pixel array section 1 and peripheral driving sections. The driving sections include a horizontal selector 3 and a write scanner 4. The pixel array section 1 includes a plurality of signal lines SL extending along the direction of a column and a plurality of scanning lines WS extending along the direction of a row. A pixel 2 is disposed at a place at which each of the signal lines SL and each of the scanning lines WS intersect with each other. In order to facilitate understandings, only one pixel 2 is shown in FIG. 23. The write scanner 4 includes a shift register which operates in response to a clock signal ck supplied thereto from the outside to successively transfer a start pulse sp supplied thereto similarly from the outside to output a sequential control signal to the scanning line WS. The horizontal selector 3 supplies an image signal to the signal line SL in synchronism with the line sequential scanning of the write scanner 4 side.

The pixel 2 includes a sampling transistor T1, a driving transistor T2, a storage capacitor C1 and a light emitting element EL (electroluminescence). The driving transistor T2 is of the P-channel type, and is connected at the source thereof, which is one of current terminals, to a power supply line and at the drain thereof, which is the other current terminal, to the light emitting element EL. The driving transistor T2 is connected at the gate thereof, which is a control terminal thereof, to the signal line SL through the sampling transistor T1. The sampling transistor T1 is rendered conducting in response to a control signal supplied thereto from the write scanner 4 and samples and writes an image signal supplied from the signal line SL into the storage capacitor C1. The driving transistor T2 receives, at the gate thereof, the image signal written in the storage capacitor C1 as a gate voltage Vgs and supplies drain current Ids to the light emitting element EL. Consequently, the light emitting element EL emits light with luminance corresponding to the image signal. The gate voltage Vgs represents a potential at the gate with reference to the source.

The driving transistor T2 operates in a saturation region, and the relationship between the gate voltage Vgs and the drain current Ids is represented by the following characteristic expression:

Ids=(1/2) μ (W/L) Cox (Vgs−Vth)²

where μ is the mobility of the driving transistor, W the channel width of the driving transistor, L the channel length of the driving transistor, Cox the gate insulating layer capacitance per unit area of the driving transistor, and Vth is the threshold voltage of the driving transistor. As can be apparently seen from the characteristic expression, when the driving transistor T2 operates in a saturation region, it functions as a constant current source which supplies the drain current Ids in response to the gate voltage Vgs.

FIG. 24 illustrates a voltage/current characteristic of the light emitting element EL. In FIG. 24, the axis of abscissa indicates the anode voltage V and the axis of ordinate indicates the drain current Ids. It is to be noted that the anode voltage of the light emitting element EL is the drain voltage of the driving transistor T2. The current/voltage characteristic of the light emitting element EL varies with time such that the characteristic curve thereof tends to become less steep as time passes. Therefore, even if the drain current Ids is fixed, the anode voltage or drain voltage V varies. In this regard, since the driving transistor T2 in the pixel 2 shown in FIG. 23 operates in a saturation region and can supply drain current Ids corresponding to the gate voltage Vgs irrespective of the variation of the drain voltage, the emission light luminance can be kept fixed irrespective of the time variation of the characteristic of the light emitting element EL.

FIG. 25 shows another example of an existing pixel circuit. Referring to FIG. 25, the pixel circuit shown is different from that described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 23 in that the driving transistor T2 is not of the P-channel type but of the N-channel type. From a fabrication process of a circuit, it is frequently advantageous to form all transistors which compose a pixel from N-channel transistors.

However, in the circuit configuration of FIG. 25, since the driving transistor T2 is of the N-channel type, it is connected at the drain thereof to a power supply line and at the source S thereof to the anode of the light emitting element EL. Accordingly, when the characteristic of the light emitting element EL varies with time, since an influence appears with the potential of the source S of the driving transistor T2, the gate voltage Vgs varies and the drain current Ids supplied by the driving transistor T2 varies as time passes. Therefore, the luminance of the light emitting element EL varies as time passes. Further, not only the luminance of the light emitting element EL but also the threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor T2 disperses for each pixel. Since the threshold voltage Vth is included in the transistor characteristic expression given hereinabove, even if the gate voltage Vgs is fixed, the drain current Ids varies. Consequently, the emission light luminance disperses for each pixel, and uniformity of the screen image cannot be obtained. A display apparatus having a function of correcting the threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor T2 which disperses for each pixel, that is, a threshold voltage correction function, has been proposed heretofore and is disclosed, for example, in Patent Document 3 mentioned hereinabove.

The display apparatus of the active matrix type successively scans the scanning lines for each one horizontal period (1H) to sample and write the signal potential of an image signal into the storage capacitor. In particular, the display apparatus of the active matrix type carries out a signal potential writing operation by line-sequential scanning for 1H period. An existing display apparatus having the threshold voltage correction function carries out a threshold value correction operation in synchronism with the line sequential scanning. Accordingly, it is necessary for the existing display apparatus to carry out a threshold voltage correction operation and a signal potential writing operation within 1H period for pixels for one line (one row).

However, as enhancement of the definition and increase of the density or higher speed driving of a display apparatus progress, the 1H period is compressed and becomes shorter in time. Accordingly, it is becoming difficult to complete a threshold voltage correction operation and a signal potential writing operation within such a shortened 1H period, which is a subject to be solved.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a display apparatus which can execute a threshold voltage correction operation and a signal potential writing operation stably at a high speed even where 1H period becomes shorter.